CN109566032A - A kind of Kiwi berry plantation water-fertilizer conditioning method - Google Patents
A kind of Kiwi berry plantation water-fertilizer conditioning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109566032A CN109566032A CN201811383586.9A CN201811383586A CN109566032A CN 109566032 A CN109566032 A CN 109566032A CN 201811383586 A CN201811383586 A CN 201811383586A CN 109566032 A CN109566032 A CN 109566032A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Kiwi berry plantation water-fertilizer conditioning method, comprising: a spray irrigation band and a drip irrigation zone are arranged on each ridge of Chinese gooseberry garden;The spray irrigation band is erected on the trunk of Kiwi berry fruit tree;The spray irrigation band includes water pipeline and several spray heads for being arranged on water pipeline;The drip irrigation zone is laid on the ridge face near kiwi fruit tree root system;The drip irrigation zone includes droping irrigating pipe and several water droppers for being arranged on droping irrigating pipe;The fertilizer of top dressing is needed to be dissolved in the water to form fertilizer mother liquor, fertilizer mother liquor enters drip irrigation zone top dressing into kiwi fruit tree rhizosphere soil together with water.The application is combined using micro- spray and underground drip irrigation on the ground to save rich water resource and improve nutrient effect as target, builds three-dimensional environment miniclimate, the adjusting of moisture is carried out by micro- spray and trickle irrigation, improve field miniclimate above and below the ground;It carries out nutrient by trickle irrigation to impose, nutrient penetrates into fruit tree root soil by drip irrigation zone, improves fertilizer utilization efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a plant water and fertilizers to regulate and control method, plants water-fertilizer conditioning method more particularly to a kind of Kiwi berry.
Background technique
Actinidia is in perennial defoliation liana, and aerial part shoot growth amount is big, and speed is fast;Blade is loose, leaf
Face cuticula is thin, the stomatal opening time is long, therefore its aerial part water evaporation quantity is big.Under ground portion root system is meat root system,
Vertical distribution is shallow in the soil, and horizontal direction distribution is wide, and fibrous root is flourishing.The above feature determines Kiwi berry than other general fruit trees
Need stringenter growing environment and rich water regulation.Kiwi berry suitable growth is deep in soil layer, the content of organic matter is high, loose
Gas, draining be drought-enduring, fertile avoid it is barren, avoid the hygrophilous profit of flood, subacidity to neutral loam environment, to adapt to root shallowly and water transpiration
Measure big feature.
Kiwi berry needs water feature: for other deciduous fruit trees, Kiwi berry Root Distribution is shallow, and blade is big and lacks
Cuticula protection, thus transpiration is vigorous;Dendritic growth amount after the beginning of spring is very big, and hereafter berry expands rapidly, thus needs water
Amount is big and relatively concentrates;Hygrophilous profit is formed during its natural evolution in addition, is afraid of drought, the habit of intolerant to waterlogging.Therefore, Kiwi berry
Water management just become especially important.
The nutrient uptake feature of Kiwi berry: the soil environment and fertilizing management of Kiwi berry are equally critically important, and which determine tree bodies
Early forming, precocity fruiting, the raising of early high yield, stable yields and fruit quality.Soil management and fertilising work are well-done, and Growth status is strong
Strong, production capacity is strong, resistance, it is not easy to disease, service life and result year limit for length occur.It has grasped between fertilizer and trunk infusion
Relationship, for instructing our production to have important meaning.According to the suction fertilizer feature of Kiwi berry, breeding time fertilising can be divided into
Base manure and top dressing.
Base manure: Kiwi berry be it is perennial it is wooden climb or sprawling shrub deciduous fruit tree, yield is high, to nutrient (including
Middle microelement) uptake it is more much greater than other tree species, and nutrient required for Kiwi growth and yield has 50%
Above from the nutritional reservoir of upper one year, therefore especially fertilizing in autumn situation of applying fertilizer plant strain growth nutrient supply and upper one year
Relationship is very big, and base manure is mainly mainly based on organic fertilizer.
Top dressing: top dressing can be divided into bud fertilizer, Hua Qianfei, fruit setting fertilizer, fruit-promoting fertilizer etc. again, respectively in rudiment, bloom, fruit setting, fruit
The application of real expanding stage grasps correct fertilization time and fertilization mode to improving fruit yield and quality is most important, fertilizer deficiency meeting
Kiwi berry is expanded to be obstructed.
Currently, water and fertilizer management is laid with simple water pipe band using ground mostly on Kiwi berry, the pipe of moisture is only realized
Road trickle irrigation, and fertilizing method or ditch fertilizer or based on cave applies, time-consuming and laborious, working efficiency is low, and this fertilization mode can not meet
To the coordination requirement of liquid manure during Kiwi growth.And long-term ditch spread and pouring can make soil be washed away, be compacted by more
And erosion, it is seriously hardened to will lead to soil for a long time, and aeration decline, soil texture is destroyed to a certain degree.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing deficiencies of prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of Kiwi berrys to plant water-fertilizer conditioning
Method, water-fertilizer conditioning, which not enough optimizes, when for solving the problems, such as Kiwi berry plantation in the prior art is not able to satisfy actual demand.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, the present invention obtains by the following technical programs.
The present invention provides a kind of Kiwi berry plantation water-fertilizer conditioning method, comprising:
One spray irrigation band and a drip irrigation zone are set on each ridge of Chinese gooseberry garden;
The spray irrigation band is erected on the trunk of Kiwi berry fruit tree;The spray irrigation band includes that water pipeline and setting are being sprayed water
Several spray heads on pipeline;
The drip irrigation zone is laid on the ridge face near kiwi fruit tree root system;The drip irrigation zone includes droping irrigating pipe and sets
Set several water droppers on droping irrigating pipe;
The fertilizer of top dressing is needed to be dissolved in the water to form fertilizer mother liquor, fertilizer mother liquor enters drip irrigation zone top dressing extremely together with water
In kiwi fruit tree rhizosphere soil.
Preferably, it is the 70%~80% of field capacity that spray irrigation band, which sprays water and keeps Chinese gooseberry garden soil moisture,.
Preferably, it in the Kiwi berry budding period, respectively sprays water 1~2 time before spending with Hua Houying.
Preferably, it sprays water 2~3 times in the rapid expanding stage of fruit.
Preferably, fruit slow growth period to the maturity period needs water relatively fewer, appropriate according to soil moisture content and weather conditions
Water spray.
Preferably, the water spray of stopping in first 15 days or so is harvested.
Preferably, before overwintering sprinkling irrigation 1 time it is permeable.
It preferably, is more than 30 DEG C of high temperature and when without rain in 6,7 and August temperature, when the sun rises using spray water belt to soil
Spray irrigation.
Preferably, bud fertilizer is imposed by drip irrigation zone in 2 months;Bud fertilizer is high nitrogen formula fertilizer, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is
(30~35): (6~8): (10~15).Preferably, the dosage of bud fertilizer is kg/ mus of (6~10).Preferably, bud fertilizer applies primary.
Preferably, Hua Qianfei is imposed by drip irrigation zone in March, Hua Qianfei is boracic balance fertilizer, nitrogen, the ratio of phosphorus and potassium
Example is (15~20): (15~20): (15~20).Preferably, the dosage of Hua Qianfei is kg/ mus of (6~10).Preferably, Hua Qian
Fertilizer applies primary.
Preferably, it is fruit expanding period in 4~August part, fruit-promoting fertilizer is imposed by drip irrigation zone;Fruit-promoting fertilizer is flat selected from calcium-magnesium-containing
Weighing apparatus fertilizer and the high potash fertilizer of iron content zinc;The ratio of nitrogen in calcium-magnesium-containing balance fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium is (15~20): (15~20): (15~20),
The ratio of nitrogen in the high potash fertilizer of iron content zinc, phosphorus and potassium is (10~15): (6~8): (30~35).
Preferably, the dosage of calcium-magnesium-containing balance fertilizer is kg/ mus of (4~6).Preferably, the dosage of the high potash fertilizer of iron content zinc is (4
~6) kg/ mus.
It is highly preferred that alternately applying calcium and magnesium balance fertilizer and the high potash fertilizer of iron content zinc in fruit expanding period.Preferably, calcium and magnesium balances
Fertilizer and the high potash fertilizer of iron content zinc respectively apply 2~3 times.
Preferably, a spray head is equipped between two actinidia trees.
Preferably, the spray head is rotation mini sprinkler.It is highly preferred that the operating pressure of mini sprinkler is 220~270KPa, stream
Amount is 75~85L/h.
Preferably, patch type drip irrigation tape, model 1710330270 are selected in the drip irrigation zone.
Preferably, the operating pressure of drip irrigation zone is 140~160KPa.Preferably, the flow of drip irrigation zone is 1.2~1.5L/
h。
Preferably, a water dropper is equipped in the root of every actinidia tree.
It is highly preferred that using drop arrow at water dropper.It is highly preferred that the drop arrow be four go out drop arrow, described four go out drop arrow surround
It is inserted in the surrounding of the Kiwi berry tree root.
Preferably, the concentration of fertilizer mother liquor is lower than the saturated concentration of fertilizer, prevents from recrystallizing.
Preferably, elder generation's trickle irrigation at least 3 minutes water in top dressing is applied again after the pressure of droping irrigating pipe on drip irrigation zone is stablized
Fertilizer.
Preferably, the trickle irrigation at least 3 minutes water again after the completion of top dressing prevents fertilizer mother liquor crystallization from blocking to clean pipeline
Water dropper.
Preferably, it is connected on the water pipeline of spray irrigation band and the droping irrigating pipe of drip irrigation zone for providing liquid transmission power
Water pump.
Technical solution utilizes micro- spray and underground on the ground to save rich water resource and improve nutrient effect as target in the application
Trickle irrigation combines, and builds three-dimensional environment miniclimate, and the adjusting of moisture is carried out by micro- spray and trickle irrigation, improves field ground and ground
Lower miniclimate;It carries out nutrient by trickle irrigation to impose, nutrient penetrates into fruit tree root soil by drip irrigation zone, improves fertilizer utilization effect
Rate.
Technical solution mainly has the advantages of the following aspects in the application:
1, saving of labor, labour's dosage only need conventional 1/5.
2, water-saving, fruit tree micro-irrigation can achieve water-saving 40-50%.
3, section fertilizer, can reduce fertilizer amount 30-40%.
4, increase production, Kiwi berry yield increases 10-20%, and fruit quality also increases.
5, increase income, slight irrigation can prevent the unbalance appearance of moisture supply of the big flood of great drought dehiscent fruit, it is hollow phenomena such as generation, keep
Fruit appearance, the consistency of quality, commodity is good, and the market price is high, significantly improves unit area benefit.
6, stable yields, slight irrigation can promote fruit tree root growth and the development of trunk growing way, and " biennial bearing " amplitude of fruit tree is subtracted
Gently, treelet result is done sth. in advance.
7, mitigate soil hardening, soil aeration improves, and enhances fruit tree root activity and the absorption to minerals.
8, soil moisture is adjusted, slight irrigation can make soil aqueous vapor ratio be suitable for that orchard soil moisture is made to reach optimum state.
9, good field microclimate is built, night dew effect is created, increases day and night temperature, while adjustable soil temperature.
10, the drop arrow being equipped with declines fill system, can adjust fertilising portion around any cuttage to crop root by drop arrow
Liquid manure, is directly transported near crop root by position.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is shown as the schematic diagram of Kiwi berry maintenance process of the invention.
Component label instructions in Fig. 1
1 | Drip irrigation zone |
2 | Spray irrigation band |
3 | Drip arrow |
4 | Spray head |
Specific embodiment
Illustrate embodiments of the present invention below by way of specific specific example, those skilled in the art can be by this specification
Other advantages and efficacy of the present invention can be easily understood for disclosed content.The present invention can also pass through in addition different specific realities
The mode of applying is embodied or practiced, the various details in this specification can also based on different viewpoints and application, without departing from
Various modifications or alterations are carried out under spirit of the invention.
It should be clear that in the following example not specifically dated process equipment or device be all made of conventional equipment in the art or
Device.
In addition, it should also be understood that, one or more method and step mentioned in the present invention does not repel before and after the combination step
It can also be inserted into other methods step there may also be other methods step or between these explicitly mentioned steps, unless separately
It is described;It should also be understood that the combination connection relationship between one or more equipment/device mentioned in the present invention is not repelled
The two equipment/devices specifically mentioned before and after the unit equipment/device there may also be other equipment/device or at these it
Between can also be inserted into other equipment/device, unless otherwise indicated.Moreover, unless otherwise indicated, the number of various method steps is only
Identify the convenient tool of various method steps, rather than for the arrangement order of limitation various method steps or limits the enforceable model of the present invention
It encloses, relativeness is altered or modified, and without material changes in technical content, when being also considered as, the present invention is enforceable
Scope.
Embodiment 1
Specific maintenance of plant method, that is, water-fertilizer conditioning method in the present embodiment are as follows:
One spray irrigation band and a drip irrigation zone are set on each ridge of Chinese gooseberry garden;
The spray irrigation band is erected on the trunk of Kiwi berry fruit tree;The spray irrigation band includes that water pipeline and setting are being sprayed water
Several spray heads on pipeline;
The drip irrigation zone is laid on the ridge face near kiwi fruit tree root system;The drip irrigation zone includes droping irrigating pipe and sets
Set several water droppers on droping irrigating pipe;
It is the 70%~80% of field capacity that spray irrigation band, which sprays water and keeps Chinese gooseberry garden soil moisture,;
The fertilizer of top dressing is needed to be dissolved in the water to form fertilizer mother liquor, fertilizer mother liquor enters drip irrigation zone top dressing extremely together with water
In kiwi fruit tree root soil.
Specifically, a spray head is equipped between two actinidia trees;The spray head is rotation mini sprinkler;Mini sprinkler design
Operating pressure 250KPa, at this time flow 80L/h.
Specifically, patch type drip irrigation tape, model 1710330270 are selected in the drip irrigation zone.Operating pressure 150KPa,
Flow 1.38L/h at this time.A water dropper is equipped in the root of every actinidia tree;Using drop arrow at water dropper, the drop arrow is four
Arrow is dripped out, and described four go out drop arrow around the surrounding for being inserted in the Kiwi berry tree root.
In the Kiwi berry budding period, before spending and Hua Houying respectively sprays 1~2 water.
It sprays water 2~3 times in the rapid expanding stage of fruit.
Fruit slow growth period to the maturity period needs water relatively fewer, is suitably sprayed water according to soil moisture content and weather conditions.
Harvest the water spray of stopping in first 15 days or so.
Overwintering preceding sprinkling irrigation 1 time permeable.
It is more than 30 DEG C and when without rain in 6,7 and August temperature, when the sun rises using spray water belt to soil spray irrigation.
Bud fertilizer is imposed by drip irrigation zone in 2 months;Bud fertilizer is high nitrogen formula fertilizer, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 32:6:
12.The dosage of bud fertilizer is kg/ mus of (6~10);Bud fertilizer applies primary.
Hua Qianfei is imposed by drip irrigation zone in March, Hua Qianfei is boracic balance fertilizer, nitrogen, and the ratio of phosphorus and potassium is 20:
20:20.The dosage of Hua Qianfei is kg/ mus of (6~10).Hua Qianfei applies primary.
It is fruit expanding period in 4~August part, fruit-promoting fertilizer is imposed by drip irrigation zone;Fruit-promoting fertilizer be selected from calcium-magnesium-containing balance fertilizer and
The high potash fertilizer of iron content zinc;The ratio of nitrogen in calcium-magnesium-containing balance fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium is 20:20:20, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the high potash fertilizer of iron content zinc
Ratio be 15:6:35.The dosage of calcium-magnesium-containing balance fertilizer is kg/ mus of (4~6).The dosage of the high potash fertilizer of iron content zinc is (4~6) kg/
Mu.Alternately apply calcium and magnesium balance fertilizer and the high potash fertilizer of iron content zinc in fruit expanding period.Calcium and magnesium balance fertilizer and the high potash fertilizer of iron content zinc are respectively applied
Add 2~3 times.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is the method for conventional fertilizer application maintenance of plant Kiwi berry, specifically: every time when fertilising, first in Chinese actinidia root
Dressing furrow is opened around system, manually above-mentioned fertilizer is sprinkled into ditch, watering is for crop absorption after dissolving fertilizer in ditch.
Specifically compared in the embodiment of the present application using in embodiment 1 technical solution carry out water-fertilizer conditioning area Kiwi berry and
Such as the Kiwi berry in the area of conventional fertilizer application in the prior art of comparative example 1.
1) influence to kiwifruit fruit yield:
The result shows that Kiwi berry yield can be improved in liquid manure coordinated regulation, single plant yield increases 1.9kg than conventional fertilizer application,
Amount of increase in production is up to 11.2%.Wherein, sample 1, sample 2 and sample 3 are to select respectively in conventional fertilizer application area and coordinated regulation area in table 1
The sample for taking 3 Kiwi berry sampled points to obtain.
Influence of the 1 liquid manure coordinated regulation of table to kiwifruit fruit yield
2) to the influence of kiwifruit fruit quality
Sugar-acid ratio
Although the sugar of fruit, acid content are independent from each other 2 indexs, but influence of the two to kiwifruit flavor really phase
It mutually restricts, sugar acid content and ratio relation directly affect the flavor quality and mouthfeel of kiwifruit fruit.This test data it is found that
Although liquid manure coordinated regulation reduces kiwifruit fruit pol, the sugariness of Kiwi berry decreases, but contains simultaneously to titratable acid
The reducing effect of amount is obvious, shows in the sugar-acid ratio closely related with flavor, and liquid manure coordinated regulation is increased than control
11.68%.
Influence of the 2 liquid manure coordinated regulation of table to kiwifruit fruit quality
Vitamin C
Kiwi berry is referred to as " king of Vc ", and the height of content is to influence in fruit the nutritional quality an important factor for, water
The Kiwi berry Determination of Vitamin C of fertile coordinated regulation improves 6.42% than control.
Essential amino acid content
Amino acid is a kind of important bioactive substance, has maintenance human metabolism, growth and immune function, and
It is related with fruit-like flavour.The fruit total amino acid content of liquid manure coordinated regulation slightly declines, but essential amino acid content compares
According to increasing 17.4%.
The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention.It is any ripe
The personage for knowing this technology all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, carries out modifications and changes to above-described embodiment.Cause
This, institute is complete without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art such as
At all equivalent modifications or change, should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Kiwi berry plants water-fertilizer conditioning method, comprising:
One spray irrigation band and a drip irrigation zone are set on each ridge of Chinese gooseberry garden;
The spray irrigation band is erected on the trunk of Kiwi berry fruit tree;The spray irrigation band includes water pipeline and is arranged in water pipeline
On several spray heads;
The drip irrigation zone is laid on the ridge face near kiwi fruit tree root system;The drip irrigation zone includes that droping irrigating pipe and setting exist
Several water droppers on droping irrigating pipe;
The fertilizer of top dressing is needed to be dissolved in the water to form fertilizer mother liquor, fertilizer mother liquor enters drip irrigation zone top dressing to macaque together with water
In peach fruit tree rhizosphere soil.
2. water-fertilizer conditioning method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that including one of following feature or a variety of:
It is the 70%~80% of field capacity that spray irrigation band, which sprays water and keeps Chinese gooseberry garden soil moisture,;
In the Kiwi berry budding period, respectively spray water 1~2 time before spending with Hua Houying;
It sprays water 2~3 times in the rapid expanding stage of fruit;
Harvest the water spray of stopping in first 15 days or so;
Overwintering preceding sprinkling irrigation 1 time permeable;
It is more than 30 DEG C of high temperature and when without rain in 6,7 and August temperature, when the sun rises using spray water belt to soil spray irrigation.
3. water-fertilizer conditioning method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that including one of following feature or a variety of:
Bud fertilizer is imposed by drip irrigation zone in 2 months;Bud fertilizer is high nitrogen formula fertilizer, and nitrogen, the ratio of phosphorus and potassium is (30~35): (6
~8): (10~15);
The dosage of bud fertilizer is kg/ mus of (6~10).
4. water-fertilizer conditioning method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that including one of following feature or a variety of:
Hua Qianfei is imposed by drip irrigation zone in March, Hua Qianfei is boracic balance fertilizer, nitrogen, the ratio of phosphorus and potassium be (15~
20): (15~20): (15~20);
The dosage of Hua Qianfei is kg/ mus of (6~10).
5. water-fertilizer conditioning method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that including one of following feature or a variety of:
It is fruit expanding period in 4~August part, fruit-promoting fertilizer is imposed by drip irrigation zone;Fruit-promoting fertilizer is selected from calcium-magnesium-containing balance fertilizer and iron content
The high potash fertilizer of zinc;
The ratio of nitrogen in calcium-magnesium-containing balance fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium is (15~20): (15~20): (15~20);
The ratio of nitrogen in the high potash fertilizer of iron content zinc, phosphorus and potassium is (10~15): (6~8): (30~35);
The dosage of calcium-magnesium-containing balance fertilizer is kg/ mus of (4~6);
The dosage of the high potash fertilizer of iron content zinc is kg/ mus of (4~6);
Alternately apply calcium and magnesium balance fertilizer and the high potash fertilizer of iron content zinc in fruit expanding period;
Calcium and magnesium balance fertilizer and the high potash fertilizer of iron content zinc respectively apply 2~3 times.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein including one of following feature or a variety of:
A spray head is equipped between two actinidia trees;
The spray head is rotation mini sprinkler;
The operating pressure of mini sprinkler is 220~270KPa;Flow is 75~85L/h.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein including one of following feature or a variety of:
Patch type drip irrigation tape is selected in the drip irrigation zone;
The operating pressure of drip irrigation zone is 140~160KPa;
The flow of drip irrigation zone is 1.2~1.5L/h.
8. the method according to claim 1, wherein including one of following feature or a variety of:
A water dropper is equipped in the root of every actinidia tree;
Using drop arrow at water dropper;
The drop arrow goes out drop arrow for four, and described four, which go out drop arrow, surround the surrounding for being inserted in the Kiwi berry tree root.
9. preventing the method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of fertilizer mother liquor is lower than the saturated concentration of fertilizer
Only recrystallize.
10. the method according to claim 1, wherein including one of following feature or a variety of:
Elder generation's trickle irrigation at least 3 minutes water in top dressing refertilizes after the pressure of droping irrigating pipe on drip irrigation zone is stablized;
Trickle irrigation at least 3 minutes water to clean pipeline prevents fertilizer mother liquor crystallization blocking dropping head again after the completion of top dressing.
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CN115486315A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2022-12-20 | 上海孙桥溢佳农业技术股份有限公司 | Method for planting fruit forest in northwest gobi desert area |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110149879A (en) * | 2019-06-22 | 2019-08-23 | 浙江交联新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of agricultural dropper ecological cultivation system |
CN115486315A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2022-12-20 | 上海孙桥溢佳农业技术股份有限公司 | Method for planting fruit forest in northwest gobi desert area |
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