CN109562610B - 用于粘弹性塑料中间层的混合聚合物 - Google Patents

用于粘弹性塑料中间层的混合聚合物 Download PDF

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CN109562610B
CN109562610B CN201880001837.4A CN201880001837A CN109562610B CN 109562610 B CN109562610 B CN 109562610B CN 201880001837 A CN201880001837 A CN 201880001837A CN 109562610 B CN109562610 B CN 109562610B
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inner layer
layer
thickness
interlayer
intermediate layer
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CN109562610A (zh
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F.布耶
D.沙克尔福
J.勒比法
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种粘弹性塑料中间物，其被布置在玻璃制品的两个玻璃板（1,2）之间以获得声衰减性能，所述中间物包括：‑两层热塑性粘合剂外层（4,5），‑布置在两个外层（4,5）之间的内层（3），所述内层（3）在20℃下和对于2kHz‑8kHz之间的频率范围具有大于或等于1.6的损耗因子tanδ，以及‑第一阻挡层和第二阻挡层（6,7），其分别布置在所述外层（4,5）和内层（3）之间，并且由粘弹性塑料材料构成。本发明可提供用于层压玻璃制品的中间物，其具有改善的空气和固体的隔声性，特别是在重叠频率下，同时在刚性、细度和轻盈性方面保持令人满意的特性。

Description

用于粘弹性塑料中间层的混合聚合物
本发明涉及粘弹性塑料中间层（un intercalaire plastique viscoélastique），其用于结合在两个玻璃板之间以形成具有振动-声学衰减（amortissement vibro-acoustiques）性能的层压玻璃制品（un vitrage feuilleté），用于移动机械（un engin delocomotion），尤其是机动车辆。本发明还涉及制造这种中间层的方法，特别是通过液体途径沉积方法制造这种中间层的方法。
声学保护玻璃制品用于运输领域和建筑领域。为了改善声学舒适性，诸如由发动机，轴承或悬架发出的噪声在其产生处和它们空气或固体的传播期间被衰减。
在运输领域，特别地，限制玻璃制品的厚度并因此限制玻璃制品的总质量是最重要的问题。
在这种情况下，已知使用厚度小于6mm的层压型玻璃制品。这些层压玻璃制品通常呈布置在两个外玻璃板之间的中间层的形式，其中所述层压玻璃制品是根据制造层压玻璃制品的已知方法获得，例如通过热和压力组装。
在具有振动-声学衰减特性的层压玻璃制品的情况下，该中间层本身由布置在两个热塑性粘合剂制成的外层之间的内层构成。以已知的方式，内层由粘弹性聚合物组成，即使在相对薄的层中，该粘弹性聚合物也产生消除噪声的效果。该聚合物必须长期填充，即在整个车辆寿命期间，满足目标运输领域固有的所有条件。这些条件包括低浊度，高透明度和良好的抗氧化和腐蚀性。此外，这种聚合物必须确保兼顾相邻层的质量和耐用性的组合，并保持其良好的噪声学衰减性能，即使在极端温度下也是如此。
还应注意，鉴于运输领域的固有技术要求，中间层不能影响玻璃制品在安全性方面的性能。因此，在挡风玻璃的应用的情况下，该玻璃制品必须特别地具有足够的刚性以满足***法规No.43（称为法规R43）的硬冲击机械抗性的所有要求。
为了满足这些不同的技术要求，已知使用由声学PVB制成的三层中间层，其由柔性PVB制成的内层组成，其布置在两层标准PVB层之间。
鉴于车辆市场改进声学舒适性的不断需求，存在需求以提供用于具有改进的隔声性（空气和固体的隔声性）的玻璃制品的中间层，特别地在重叠频率（à la fréquence decoïncidence）下，在刚性、精细度和轻盈性方面同时保持令人满意的特性。
本发明满足了这种需要。更具体地，在至少一个实施方式中，所提出的技术涉及一种粘弹性塑料中间层（un intercalaire plastique viscoélastique），其被布置在玻璃制品的两个玻璃板之间以获得振动-声学衰减性能，所述中间层包括：
- 两层热塑性粘合剂外层，优选地，标准聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB），其厚度优选为0.2-0.8mm，
- 布置在两个外层之间的内层，所述内层在20℃下和对于2kHz-8kHz之间的频率范围具有大于或等于1.6的损耗因子tanδ，以及
- 第一阻挡层和第二阻挡层，其分别布置在所述外层和内层之间，并且由粘弹性塑料材料构成，粘弹性塑料材料优选地聚酯，特别地聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）。
在说明书的其余部分中，术语“热塑性粘合剂”表示各种树脂和/或薄膜，使得可以定性所用中间层的类型。热塑性粘合剂，也称为在上下文中多层中间层的“壳”，从而形成包含至少下述的基团（un groupe）：聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB），乙酸乙烯基-乙烯酯（EVA），电离塑料聚合物（les polymères Ionoplast），热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）和铸造树脂（les résines decoulée）。
PVB的合成通过由导致获得聚（乙烯基醇）（PVOH）的乙酸乙烯基酯、水解的聚（乙酸乙烯基酯）的自由基聚合，和然后通过丁醛的缩醛化合成获得，其总是由乙烯基醇、乙酸乙烯基酯和乙烯醇缩丁醛单元组成的三元共聚物。
本申请中的术语“标准PVB”是指乙烯醇缩丁醛单元（VB）的摩尔含量包括在以下范围内的PVB：
- VB摩尔含量大于42％，优选大于44％，优选大于46％，优选大于48％，优选大于50％，优选大于52％，优选大于53％，优选大于到53.5％，优选大于54％，优选大于54.5％，优选大于55％，优选大于55.5％，且小于60％，优选小于59.5％，优选小于59％，优选小于58.5％，优选小于58％，优选小于58.5％，优选小于58％，优选小于57.5％，优选小于57％，优选小于56.5％，相对于PVB单体单元总数，
- 增塑剂的重量含量，以每100份PVB树脂（phr）计，大于约5phr，优选大于约10phr，优选大于20phr，优选地大于22.5phr，优选大于25phr，和小于120phr，优选小于110phr，优选小于90phr，优选小于75phr，优选小于60phr，优选小于50phr，优选小于40phr，优选小于35phr，优选小于30phr，
- 频率为100Hz的玻璃化转变温度大于30℃，优选大于40℃，并且小于60℃，优选小于56℃。
根据本发明的一个具体方面中，热塑性粘合剂的外层的厚度大于0.2毫米，以便不危害玻璃制品安全方面的性能从而过低的刚性。
术语“阻挡层”描述了两层，其功能是防止内层（也称为“芯”（« cœur »））和外层（也称为“壳”（« peaux »））之间的任何化学扩散。根据一种具体实施方式，这些阻挡层中的至少一个由PET构成。除了上面提到的有利特征，PET的表面特性使得它可以与构成芯的材料结合，同样地与热塑性粘合剂层结合，从而使本发明层压玻璃制品满足所有技术要求，即使涉及长期抗性（la résistance à long terme）和安全方面。
损耗因子tanδ对应于以卡路里形式消散的能量与弹性变形能量之间的比率。因此，它对应于特定于材料性质的技术特征并且反映其消散能量的能力，特别是声波。该损耗因子tanδ根据温度和入射波的频率而变化。对于给定的频率，损耗因子在称为玻璃化转变温度的温度下达到其最大值。该损耗因子tanδ可以使用粘度分析仪或其他合适的已知装置评估。注意，内层的损耗因子tanδ决定了中间层的损耗因子tanδ，其基本上是相同的值，因为内层的体积分数不是太低。
本发明基于下述新颖性的和创造性的概念，提供具有中间层与芯，其特征允许获得具有改进的空气和固体隔声性（une isolation acoustique améliorée, tant aérienne que solidienne）的层压玻璃，同时在刚性、细度（finesse）和轻盈性（légèreté）方面保持令人满意的特性。据观察，隔声的改善在2000赫兹至8000赫兹的频率范围中是显著的，其中人耳是最敏感的，并且特别是在重合频率水平（au niveau de la fréquence decoïncidence），于此处玻璃制品的隔声性能通常会下降。
根据本发明的一个具体方面，内层的所述损耗因子tanδ大于或等于2，优选2.5，优选3，优选3.5，优选4，优选4.5。损耗因子tanδ通常小于5。
使用具有相对较高的损耗因子tanδ的芯的中间层使得可以进一步改善中间层和配备它的玻璃制品的隔声性能。
根据一个实施方式，内层在20℃下和对于2kHz-8kHz之间的频率范围具有4.3×109至4.5×1010 Pa/m之间的剪切参数g = G'/ e，其中G'是内层的剪切模量和e是内层的厚度。
具有这种剪切机械特性的内层使得中间层具有满意的刚性和隔声性能。
根据本发明的一个具体方面，中间层在20℃下和对于2kHz-8kHz之间的频率范围具有4.8×109至5.1×1010Pa/m的剪切参数g = G'/ e，其中G'是中间层的剪切模量和e是中间层的厚度。
具有这种剪切机械特性的中间层具有满意的刚性和隔声性能。
根据本发明的一个具体方面，内层由胶体（colloïde）获得，胶体优选乳液，优选至少一种聚合物的含水乳液。
在本说明书的其余部分中，术语“胶体（colloïde）”是指一种或多种物质的悬浮液，其规则地分散在另一种物质中，形成单独的两相体系。在流体中，该胶体形成颗粒的均匀分散体，其尺寸范围为纳米至微米。乳液是胶体，其中这些物质处于液态。在科学文献中，聚合物含水乳液也称为“聚合物胶乳”，这两个术语是等同的。
市场上存在的胶体，特别是聚合物乳液，具有呈现乳白色外观的特殊性。这种至少部分不透明性先验地是一个严重的缺点，禁止在两个透明玻璃板之间使用。另外，胶体并不总是适合以减小的厚度的层的形式沉积。因此，制造包含用于芯材料的胶体的中间层，其更是处于工业规模，因此似乎先验地被排除。其中，由于这些原因，胶体通常不用于层压玻璃领域。
然而，令人惊讶的是，本发明人已经发现，一旦整合在根据本发明的中间层中，某些类型的胶体具有显著的声学衰减特性，同时满足预期芯材料的其他技术要求。为了实现该结果，发明人已经克服了若干技术偏见。因此，首先指出胶体如果以减小的厚度的层形式沉积（其厚度大约为微米水平），则通过干燥失去其乳状外观并获得足够的透明度，使得整合在光学设备内是可实现的。此外，本发明人已经开发了液体途径的沉积方法，如以下描述中所述，以允许将由这种胶体获得的芯沉积和整合至中间层中。
根据本发明的一个具体方面，内层由至少两种互穿网络结构的聚合物的含水乳液获得，所述两种聚合物优选为丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸。
根据该实施方式，两种互穿网络结构的聚合物形成悬浮在水中的单一颗粒。
根据本发明的一个具体方面，内层包含33至65重量％的丙烯酸酯聚合物和25至40重量％的水。
这种内层的特征在于损耗因子tanδ大于或等于3，并因此具有优异的隔声性能。
根据本发明的一个具体方面，所述内层的厚度为0.5-50微米，优选10-40微米，优选20-30微米。
使用厚度约为微米水平的芯可以降低构成所述芯的材料在其沉积时流动的风险，在该厚度处的剪切力与用于传统声学PVB的内层的剪切力相同。因此采用这样的厚度使得有可能克服先验地使用这种乳液形成芯材料的严重缺陷的技术难题。
在本发明的一个具体方面，所述内层比中间层的体积分数为0.2％-8％，优选0.5％至6％，优选2.5至4％。
内层与中间层的这种体积分数的选择提供了下述的满意的兼顾：一方面刚性要求，且另一方面隔声性能。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，所述第一和第二阻挡层各自具有1至50微米，优选1至30微米，优选5至15微米的厚度。
因此，该厚度必须足够厚，以不允许化学物质在内层3和外层（4,5）之间迁移。与此相反，超出外层（4，5）厚度的一定值时，中间层的刚性增加过大，并在形成中间层时形成问题。
根据本发明的一个实施方式中，布置在玻璃制品中的中间层在其表面的一部分上被本体着色和/或具有从层压玻璃制品的顶部到底部逐渐减小的楔形形式的横截面，和/或包括具有红外辐射过滤功能的颗粒。
本发明还涉及层压玻璃制品（vitrage feuilleté），包括：
- 第一玻璃板，
- 第二玻璃板，
- 如上所述的中间层，中间层布置在第一和第二玻璃板之间。
如本文所述，由根据本发明的中间层赋予的技术优点还涉及整合了这种中间层的层压玻璃制品。
根据本发明的一个具体方面，所述第一玻璃板的厚度为0.5-2.1mm，优选地1.4-2.1mm，并且所述第二玻璃板的厚度为0.5-2.1毫米，优选1.1-1.6毫米。
本发明还涉及如上所述的玻璃制品作为车辆挡风玻璃的用途。
本发明还涉及如上所述的玻璃制品作为建筑玻璃制品的用途，其是单层玻璃制品或整合在多层玻璃制品中。
本发明还涉及制备如上所述中间层的方法，包括至少一个在第一或第二阻挡层上通过液体途径的沉积方法沉积由至少一种聚合物的含水乳液获得的内层的沉积步骤。
通过液体途径的含水乳液（预先在大于或等于其体积的1.5倍体积的水中稀释的含水乳液）的沉积使得可以降低混合物的粘度，和从而使其随后以减小的厚度的层的形式沉积。
在本文中，附图描述了本发明的其他特征和优点，其中：
- 图1是根据本发明的一个具体实施方式的玻璃制品的示意性剖视图;
- 图2示出空气中隔声性评价（STL – 传声损失，英语为Sound Transmission Loss）相对于频率的曲线图，对于根据本发明的层压玻璃制品和对于已知层压玻璃制品；
- 图3是根据本发明的一个实施方式的制备中间层的方法的流程图。
在不同附图中相同的附图标记表示相似或相同的元件。
请注意，表述“包含在...和...之间，…至…”包括范围中的边界。
本发明涉及粘弹性塑料中间层，其旨在被布置在玻璃制品的两个玻璃板（1,2）之间以提供振动-声学衰减性能，该中间层包括：
- 两个热塑性粘合剂外层（4,5），
- 内层3，布置在两个外层（4,5）之间，所述内层3在20℃下和对于2kHz-8 kHz的频率范围具有大于或等于1.6的损耗因子tanδ，和
- 第一和第二阻挡层（6,7），分别布置在所述外层（4,5）和内层3之间，并由粘弹性塑料材料构成。
因此可以认为，中间层在隔声工作中包括总共三个活性层，通过阻挡层彼此分开，阻挡层的功能是防止内层3和外层（4,5）之间的任何化学扩散。这种中间层的结构，特别是这种更大刚性和更少衰减的层以及刚性更小且衰减更大的层的交替，使得玻璃制品的隔声性能得到改善，特别地频率范围为2000 Hz -8000 Hz。
根据本发明的中间层旨在结合在两个玻璃板（1,2）之间以形成层压玻璃制品。
图1显示了根据本发明第一实施方式的玻璃制品的剖视图。
玻璃制品包括两个玻璃板（1,2），在两个玻璃板之间***根据本发明的中间层。因此，外层（4,5）分别与玻璃板（1,2）接触。芯3插在这些外层（4,5）之间。中间层与玻璃板的连接例如通过已知方式进行，例如通过堆叠玻璃板和中间层并使组件在压热器（autoclave）中通过。
每个玻璃板（1,2）的厚度例如在0.5mm至2.1mm之间，用于汽车玻璃制品的应用，例如挡风玻璃，和在0.5mm至15.0mm之间，用于建筑玻璃制品的应用。
在挡风玻璃应用的情况下，玻璃制品满足***第43号条例（称为条例R43）的所有条件，即抵抗硬冲击的能力以确保其机械强度。
对于汽车玻璃制品的应用，玻璃制品的玻璃板1旨在朝向车辆的外侧，同时玻璃板2旨在朝向车辆的内侧。玻璃板1例如比玻璃板2更厚，使得玻璃制品能够更好地防止外部攻击（恶劣天气，砾石投射等）。在现有的汽车玻璃制品中，玻璃板1的厚度通常为2.1mm，和玻璃板2的厚度通常为1.6mm。
在图1的示例中，外层（4,5）由标准PVB组成。这些外层（4,5）在20°C和频率范围在1kHz至10kHz之间时的剪切模量G'大于或等于1x108 Pa，和损耗因子tanδ小于0.4。因此，它们允许中间层的良好机械强度。
中间层的芯3的厚度为25微米，和其体积为中间层总体积的约3％。选择内层3比中间层的这种体积分数值在一方面刚性要求和另一方面隔声性能之间提供了令人满意的兼顾。
芯3例如由名称为QuietGlue®的丙烯酸和丙烯酸的含水乳液组成，其描述于专利文献US2005 / 0050846中。根据另一个实施方式，芯3也可以由GreenGlue®构成。
在其已知的应用中，工业粘合剂QuietGlue®，乳白色和黄色外观，以大容量的管或罐的形式包装和销售。这种粘合剂旨在由建筑工人在用于建筑材料，木材，金属，塑料和/或石膏板的材料板之间施加。这些材料的共同之处在于它们完全不透明。施用后，QuietGlue®层通常具有约1.6mm的厚度。
先验地，所述QuietGlue®的黄色颜色和不透明度是一个严重的缺点，使得禁止在两个需透明的玻璃板之间施用。此外，QuietGlue®，顾名思义，具有较强的粘合力，使其先验地不可能用于减小的厚度的层的形式的任何沉积。最后，制造商在使用该粘合剂时建议显著的干燥时间（在24至48小时之间）。因此，先验地，似乎不会考虑制造包含用于芯材料的QuietGlue®的中间层。
然而，令人惊讶地，已经由本发明人发现，该QuietGlue®一旦以厚度减小的层的形式与中间层整合时，通过新的沉积方法，具有出色的声学衰减的特性，同时满足芯材料的其他技术要求。
为了实现该结果，发明人已经克服了若干技术偏见。因此，首先发现QuietGlue®如果以层形式沉积，其厚度为微米水平，失去其乳状外观并获得足够的透明度，使得整合在中间层内是能实现的。此外，本发明人已经开发了液体途径的沉积方法，如下文描述中所述，以允许将由这种QuietGlue®组成的芯沉积和整合至中间层中。
中间层膜的动态表征在Metravib粘度分析仪类型的粘度分析仪上进行，某些测量条件如下所示：
- 正弦应力（sollicitation sinusoïdale），
- 所谓的双剪切试管，由两个尺寸如下的长方体组成：
*厚度= 3.31毫米
*宽度= 10.38毫米
*高度= 6.44毫米
- 动态幅度：静止位置周围±5 mm，
- 频率范围：2000至8000 Hz
- 温度：20°C。
粘度分析仪使得可以在精确的温度和频率条件下使材料样品经受变形应力，从而获得和处理表征材料的所有流变量。在每个温度下随频率变化利用力、位移和相移测量的原始数据尤其可以计算弹性分量（或剪切模量）G'和损耗因子tanδ。
以下的实验方案中，已经测量减小的层厚为25微米的QuietGlue®具有的损耗因子tanδ值为4，和于20°C下和2 kHz-8 kHz的频率范围，具有的剪切参数g = G'/ e为4.3x109至4.5x1010 Pa/m。
图2示出的空气中隔声性（英语为STL）相对于频率的评估曲线，根据NF EN ISO10140评价两个层压玻璃制品和样本尺寸为0.8x0.5 m²：根据本发明的层压玻璃制品和已知的层压玻璃制品。
第一层压玻璃制品（称为“已知”）包括：
- 两个玻璃板，其具有的厚度分别为2.1毫米和1.6毫米，和
- 声学PVB中间层，包括由标准PVB制成的两个外层和具有改进的振动-声学衰减特性的粘弹性塑料内层。
第一层压玻璃制品对应于传统的玻璃挡风玻璃组合物，其具有已知声学衰减特性的中间层。该中间层例如可以通过由Kuraray商售的Trosifol VG+SC中间层或通过由Solutia商售的Saflex® Vanceva Quiet QC41或甚至由Sekisui商售的S-Lec AcousticFilm HI-RZN12的中间层来代替。这涉及称为“已知”的层压玻璃制品。声学PVB的声学衰减特性由该聚合物的相同性质限制，其于20°C下和2 kHz-8 kHz的频率范围具有的损耗因数tanδ通常小于1.2。
第一层压玻璃制品的空气隔声曲线由钻石表示。
第二层压玻璃制品（命名为“根据本发明”）包括：
- 两个玻璃板，具有的厚度分别为2.1毫米和1.6毫米，和
- 根据本发明的中间层，包括两个标准PVB制成的外层和一个厚度为25微米的QuietGlue®内层。
第二层压玻璃制品对应于根据本发明的层压玻璃制品。
第二层压玻璃制品的空气隔声曲线用正方形表示。
与参考第一层压玻璃制品相比，第二层压玻璃制品的空气隔声曲线（由方块表示）显示在整个频率范围（即2000-8000Hz）内的空气隔声的改善。特别地，其是在约2000-8000Hz之间和在约6300Hz的重叠频率区域中，其中，在常规层压玻璃制品的情况下，该玻璃制品的衰减曲线具有最大低谷（les creux les plus grands），这是因为测量的声学衰减（amortissement du bruit）水平明显更高。在重叠频率（fréquence de coïncidence）下，分别对于声学PVB的值为37.7dB和对于根据本发明的中间层的值为41.2dB的值之间观察到3.4dB的隔声增益。因此总体上实现了声学衰减的显著改善。
因此可以观察到由多层具有不同特性和性质（在声学衰减和机械刚度方面）的粘弹性材料层的组合而产生的显著效果，该组合描述了新一代隔声中间层，其具有比传统的声学PVB更加好的声学衰减，同时具有更大的刚性。
本发明还涉及一种层压玻璃制品，包括：
- 两个玻璃板，其具有的厚度分别为2.1毫米和1.6毫米，和
- 根据本发明的中间层，例如包含25微米厚的QuietGlue®的芯。
根据本发明的技术提出了一种用于车辆的层压玻璃制品，其包括中间层膜（filmintercalaire），该中间层膜具有由固体传递的噪声的良好衰减。该衰减还可以满足空气动力噪声和外部噪声的隔声标准。因此，根据本发明的玻璃制品可获得良好的普遍性声学保护。
根据本发明的中间层还可以：
- 在其表面的一部分上本体着色，以尊重车内部人员的私密性或甚至保护车辆驾驶员免受太阳光的照射或仅仅是为了美学效果，和/或
- 具有从层压玻璃制品的顶部到底部以楔形形式减小的横截面，用于允许层压玻璃制品能够用作平视显示***的屏幕（称为HUD或平视显示器），和/或
- 包含具有红外辐射过滤功能的颗粒，以限制由于太阳红外辐射引起的车内部温度升高，从而提高乘客的舒适度。
本发明还涉及制备如上所述的中间层的方法。
给定量的至少一种聚合物（例如QuietGlue®）的含水乳液首先在水中稀释（步骤S1）其体积的至少一倍半，或甚至三（3）倍，尤其地为了降低混合物的粘度，从而使其随后以减小的厚度的层的形式沉积。
随后通过液体途径的沉积方法将该组合沉积（步骤S2）在由常规PVB制成的第一外层4上，该第一外层4上面覆盖有由PET制成的阻挡层6。
然后将整体在80℃的温度下干燥（步骤S3）1小时。 考虑到芯3的厚度非常小，通常推荐用于QuietGlue®的干燥时间显著减少，使其在工业上可用作芯的材料。 QuietGlue®的透明度也得到了显著提高，从而可以在光学设备中实现。注意，根据替代的实施方式，可以改变QuietGlue®的干燥时间和/或干燥温度，而不脱离本发明的范围。
在S3干燥步骤之后，QuietGlue®恢复其原始组成。然后可以用由PET制成的第二阻挡层7覆盖（步骤S4），然后用由标准PVB制成的第二外层5覆盖。 由此获得根据本发明的中间层。

Claims (13)

1.粘弹性塑料中间层，旨在布置在玻璃制品的两个玻璃板（1,2）之间，以获得振动-声学衰减性能，该中间层包括：
- 两个外层（4,5），由热塑性粘合剂制成，
- 布置在两个外层（4,5）之间的内层（3），所述内层（3）在20℃下和对于2kHz-8kHz的频率范围具有大于或等于1.6的损耗因子tanδ，其中内层（3）由胶体获得，且所述内层（3）的厚度为0.5-50微米，和
- 第一阻挡层和第二阻挡层（6,7），其分别布置在所述外层（4,5）和内层（3）之间，并且由粘弹性塑料材料构成，
其中所述内层（3）由至少两种互穿网络结构的聚合物的含水乳液获得，所述两种聚合物为丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸。
2.根据权利要求1的粘弹性塑料中间层，其特征在于所述内层（3）的所述损耗因子tanδ大于或等于2。
3.根据权利要求1所述的中间层，其中内层（3）在20℃下和对于2kHz-8kHz的频率范围具有4.3×109至4.5×1010 Pa/m之间的剪切参数g = G'/ e，G'是内层的剪切模量和e是内层的厚度。
4.根据权利要求1所述的中间层，其特征在于中间层在20℃下和对于2kHz-8kHz之间的频率范围具有4.8×109至5.1×1010Pa/m的剪切参数g = G'/ e，G'是中间层的剪切模量和e是中间层的厚度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的中间层，其中所述内层（3）的厚度为10-40微米。
6.根据权利要求1所述的中间层，其中所述内层（3）比中间层的体积分数为0.2％-8％。
7.根据权利要求1所述的中间层，其中所述第一阻挡层和第二阻挡层（6,7）各自具有1至50微米的厚度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的中间层，所述布置在层压玻璃制品中的中间层在其表面的一部分上本体着色和/或具有从层压玻璃制品的顶部到底部呈楔形形式的减小的横截面和/或包括具有红外辐射过滤功能的颗粒。
9.层压玻璃制品，包括：
-第一玻璃板（1），
-第二玻璃板（2），
-根据权利要求1所述的中间层，中间层布置在第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板（1,2）之间。
10.根据权利要求9所述的层压玻璃制品，其中：
- 所述第一玻璃板（1）的厚度为0.5-2.1mm，和
- 所述第二玻璃板（2）的厚度为0.5-2.1mm。
11.根据权利要求9所述的玻璃制品在作为车辆挡风玻璃中的用途。
12.根据权利要求9所述的玻璃制品在作为建筑的玻璃制品中的用途，所述建筑的玻璃制品是单层玻璃制品或整合在多层玻璃制品中。
13.制备根据权利要求1所述的中间层的方法，包括至少一个沉积步骤（S2），其在第一阻挡层或第二阻挡层（6,7）上通过液体途径的沉积方法沉积由至少一种聚合物的含水乳液获得的内层（3）。
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