CN109556777B - Device for testing influence of soft molten iron materials in same radial direction of blast furnace on gas phase resistance and using method - Google Patents
Device for testing influence of soft molten iron materials in same radial direction of blast furnace on gas phase resistance and using method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A device for testing the influence of soft molten iron materials on gas phase resistance in the same radial direction of a blast furnace mainly comprises a heating furnace, a thermocouple, test material pipes with air holes, an air inlet pipe, an exhaust pipe, a pressure gauge and a flow meter, wherein a reactor is arranged in the heating furnace, at least three test material pipes with air holes are arranged in the reactor, and a gas steady flow cavity is arranged between a grid plate and a reactor bottom plate; the lower part of the reactor is provided with an air inlet pipe along the periphery; a gas pressure equalizing cavity is arranged between the upper part of the test material pipe with the vent hole and the top of the reactor; the exhaust pipe is connected with the top of the reactor. The method comprises the following steps: preparing at least three groups of test iron materials with different alkalinity ranges; filling a test material in a test material pipe with a vent hole; placing the test material pipes with the air holes in a reactor; heating; and taking out and detecting and judging the test materials with different alkalinity ranges. The invention can reflect the resistance of the soft melting furnace material in the area to airflow, and detect and evaluate the state of the blast furnace, thereby providing guarantee for smooth operation and reduction of fuel consumption of the blast furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device for blast furnace working conditions and a using method thereof, belonging to a device for testing the influence of soft molten iron materials in the same radial direction of a blast furnace on gas phase resistance and a using method thereof.
Background
Due to the requirement of blast furnace operation, after blast furnace iron materials such as sintered ores, pellets and lump ores are added into the blast furnace through the distribution chute, the radial distribution amount of the mixed iron materials in the furnace can be changed, so that the alkalinity, components and the like of furnace materials in different radial areas of the blast furnace can be changed, and the viscosity and the tension of the furnace materials in the radial direction can be different after the furnace materials are softened. Therefore, there is also a difference in the thickness of the soft melt zone and the resistance to the gas flow in the radial direction of the blast furnace. Because the distribution state of the gas flow in the blast furnace can directly influence the stability and the index of the blast furnace, the influence of the soft melting on the airflow resistance is necessarily tested by simulating the furnace burden composition of a key area in the radial direction of the blast furnace.
After retrieval:
the document with Chinese patent application No. 201510222557.4 discloses a method for measuring the reflow dripping characteristic of a blast furnace comprehensive charging material. The method comprises the steps of preparing a sample from prepared blast furnace charging mixed furnace burden, then loading the sample into a graphite crucible, respectively laying coke blocks on the bottom layer and the upper layer, and then loading the graphite crucible filled with the mixed furnace burden sample and the coke blocks into an iron ore soft melting dripping test device for measurement. The invention can accurately obtain the high-temperature reflow dripping characteristic of the blast furnace comprehensive burden according with the actual blast furnace production, thereby helping ironmakers to accurately grasp the structure, the position and the thickness of the blast furnace reflow zone in the actual blast furnace ironmaking production. The cited documents only describe the structure, position and thickness of a certain position of the blast furnace reflow zone, and these data are parameters that can directly influence the distribution of the gas flow of the upper lump belt of the blast furnace and the smooth running of the blast furnace, and the gas flow, the later development of the reaction degree and the like caused by the radial corresponding charge ingredients (alkalinity) and structural distribution changes of the blast furnace reflow zone cannot be effectively detected and reflected at the same time, and the comprehensive performance and the system for the blast furnace operation are lacked.
The document with Chinese patent application No. 201710564168.9 discloses a method for judging the soft melting performance of iron ores. Mixing a specific oxide with iron ore to obtain an experimental sample; then carrying out a softening molten drop experiment, and recording the shrinkage of the experimental sample; drawing a shrinkage-temperature fitting curve of the experimental sample to obtain a shrinkage rate curve; and (3) representing the shrinkage rate of the corresponding point or interval by using the tangent slope of each point on the shrinkage rate curve, and adjusting the charge ratio and the thermal operation on the basis of the shrinkage rate. The cited literature is only used for describing the shrinkage change condition in the softening process of a single sample, and cannot be used for testing the influence rule and condition of a plurality of groups of samples with different alkalinity and structures on gas phase resistance under the same condition at high temperature, so that the cited literature is used for describing the furnace type and proposing optimization measures.
The document of chinese patent application No. 200410020544.0 discloses a "method for improving the permeability of a blast furnace charge column" which consists of adjusting the content of magnesium oxide (MgO) in the sinter, blowing a slag modifier through a tuyere, and spraying a CaCl2 aqueous solution into the sinter. The method can obtain proper reflow dripping performance, thereby reducing the pressure difference of the blast furnace material column, improving the pig iron yield, increasing the injection amount of the coal dust in the blast furnace production and reducing the cost. The cited document describes the use of a solution to reduce the resistance of the blast furnace charge column to the gas flow, and does not provide a method to test the rationality and optimization of the resistance of the charge column to the gas flow in the radial direction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a device and a using method for testing the influence of soft molten iron materials in the same radial direction of a blast furnace on gas phase resistance by simulating the furnace material composition of at least three key position points in the same radial direction of the blast furnace, simultaneously testing the blocking condition of the soft molten furnace material at each position point on gas flow in the same reactor and detecting the flow and pressure change of reduction gas introduced into each test material pipe with vent holes in the process to evaluate the soft melting performance of the furnace material structures of the blast furnaces with different alkalinity so as to accurately and objectively analyze the appearance and the gas flow distribution of a soft melting area of the blast furnace.
The measures for realizing the aim are as follows:
the utility model provides a device for testing the influence of blast furnace soft melt iron material in same footpath is to gaseous phase resistance, mainly by the heating furnace, adorn thermocouple on the heating furnace, take the gas pocket test material pipe, intake pipe, blast pipe, the intake pipe on manometer and the flow meter constitute, its characterized in that: a reactor is arranged in the heating furnace, at least three test material pipes with air holes are arranged in the reactor, the test material pipes with the air holes are placed on a grid plate connected in the reactor, and a gas steady flow cavity is arranged between the grid plate and a reactor bottom plate; at least three air inlet pipes are arranged at the lower part of the reactor and 5-10 mm away from the bottom plate of the reactor along the circumference; a gas pressure equalizing cavity is arranged between the upper part of a test material pipe with a vent hole in the reactor and the top of the reactor; the exhaust pipe is connected to the top of the reactor.
It is characterized in that: the reactor consists of a reactor body and an end cover connected to the reactor body; the exhaust pipe is connected to the end cover; a thermocouple was installed at the center of the lower end in the reactor body.
It is characterized in that: the ratio of the diameter to the height of the test material pipe with the vent is 1 (1.5-2.5).
A use method of a device for testing the influence of soft molten iron materials in the same radial direction of a blast furnace on gas phase resistance comprises the following steps:
1) according to a material distribution system of a blast furnace, in the range of alkalinity of 0.5-2.1, the granularity of iron materials is 10-12.5 mm, and at least three groups of test iron materials with different alkalinity ranges are prepared;
2) the test material is filled in each test material pipe with air holes: the method comprises the following steps:
A. marking the corresponding iron material alkalinity range outside each test material pipe with the vent hole;
B. filling a coke layer with the granularity of 9-13 mm into each test material pipe with the air holes, wherein the filling amount of the coke layer is 10-15 wt% of the filling amount of the test material pipe with the air holes, and the rest filling amount is a test iron material;
C. laying test iron materials with the alkalinity of 90-85 wt% of the corresponding range on the fuel layer in the correspondingly marked test material pipe with the air holes;
3) placing each test material pipe with air holes, which is filled with the test materials, on a grid plate in the reactor together; and the reactor body is closed by an end cover;
4) introducing gas into each gas inlet pipe for heating, wherein the heating schedule is as follows:
A. carrying out first temperature rise, and heating to 400 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 15-25 ℃/min;
B. and (3) carrying out second temperature rise: when the temperature is heated to 400 ℃, introducing reducing gas into the test material pipes with the vent holes, wherein the introduction amount of the reducing gas is controlled to be 4.5-5.5L/min; with reducing gas consisting of N2The gas mixture of CO 7: 3; heating to 1000 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 10-15 ℃/min;
C. carrying out third temperature rise: when the temperature is heated to 1000 ℃, the highest temperature is at least 1300 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 4-8 ℃/min; the reducing gas is still in the second temperature-raising stage state at the stage;
D. preserving heat for at least 25min when the maximum temperature is above 1300 ℃;
E. by using N2Cooling to room temperature: after stopping inputting the heating gas and the reducing gas, N is introduced2Is cooled, N2Controlling the feeding amount to be 4.0-6.0L/min;
5) and taking out the test material pipes with the vent holes, and detecting and judging the test materials in different alkalinity ranges.
The structure of the device for testing adopts the test material pipe with at least three ventilation holes arranged in the reactor, and the test can be carried out under the same working condition, namely the heating temperature, the holding time and the reaction pressure in each ventilation hole can be synchronous and the same, and the interference on the resistance of iron materials with different alkalinity or performance to gas phase and the change process can be eliminated for testing the resistance of the iron materials with different alkalinity or performance to gas phase at high temperature
In the invention, reducing gas is introduced into the test material pipes with each vent hole in the second heating process, and the introduction amount of the reducing gas is controlled to be 9.0-11.0L/min per kilogram of iron material; with reducing gas consisting of N2The gas mixture of CO 7: 3; heating to 1000 ℃ at a temperature rise speed of 10-15 ℃/min, wherein iron minerals (Fe) are radially arranged at the same height of the blast furnace203、Fe304Etc.) will be reduced by blast furnace gas from 500 to 1000 ℃ to reduce N in the gas2The reduction gas with CO of about 7:3, the gas quantity contacted with each kilogram of iron material in the radial direction of the blast furnace is the variation range of the experimental ventilation quantity, and the temperature rise rate is the variation range of the experimental temperature rise.
The invention is characterized in that the heating rate is 4-8 ℃/min in the third heating, the heating temperature is at least 1300 ℃ above the highest temperature, because the furnace burden can be softened and deformed after the temperature exceeds 1000 ℃, the bulk density is increased, the heat required by the reaction is increased, the heating rate is slowed, the iron material is basically in a molten state at the temperature of 1000-1300 ℃, at the moment, the resistance to the gas phase is the largest, and the resistance of the molten material to the gas phase in the radial direction under the influence of the alkalinity can be obviously different.
The gas steady flow cavity is arranged in the reactor, because the gas can generate convolution and bias flow when just entering the reactor, the gas steady flow cavity is needed to make the gas pass through the reaction materials evenly after being stabilized.
The gas pressure equalizing cavity is arranged in the reactor, because the upper gas pressure can change when gas passes through furnace materials with different resistances, the gas pressure equalizing cavity is arranged for the purpose that the gas pressure in each reaction test material pipe reaches the same value, and the gas pressure equalizing cavity is also arranged for simulating the state that the gas pressure at the top of the blast furnace is uniform.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: has the following characteristics:
the soft melting performance of blast furnace burden structures with different alkalinity is evaluated by simulating the burden composition of at least three key position points in the same radial direction of the blast furnace, simultaneously testing the blocking condition of soft melting burden at each position point to airflow in the same reactor, and detecting the change of flow and air pressure of reducing gas introduced into each test material pipe with vent holes in the process, so that the appearance and the airflow distribution of a soft melting area of the blast furnace are accurately and objectively analyzed, and the test efficiency is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the grid plate and the test tube with air holes in FIG. 1;
in the figure: the device comprises a heating furnace 1, a thermocouple 2, a test material pipe 3 with a vent hole, an air inlet pipe 4, an air outlet pipe 5, a pressure gauge 6, a flowmeter 7, a reactor 8, a grid plate 9, a gas flow stabilizing cavity 10, a gas pressure equalizing cavity 11, a reactor body 12 and an end cover 13.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below:
the structure of the experimental apparatus used in the present invention is described in detail with reference to FIG. 1:
a device for testing the influence of soft molten iron materials on gas phase resistance in the same radial direction of a blast furnace mainly comprises a heating furnace 1, a thermocouple 2 arranged on the heating furnace 1, a test material pipe 3 with air holes, an air inlet pipe 4, an air outlet pipe 5, a pressure gauge 6 on the air inlet pipe 4 and a flow meter 7, wherein a reactor 8 is arranged in the heating furnace 1, at least three test material pipes 3 with air holes are arranged in the reactor 8, the test material pipes 3 with air holes are placed on a grid plate 9 connected to the reactor by adopting welding or placing grooves, and a gas steady flow cavity 10 is arranged between the grid plate 9 and a bottom plate of the reactor 8; at any height of the lower part of the reactor 8 within a range of 5-10 mm from the bottom plate of the reactor 8, at least three air inlet pipes 4 are communicated at the same height along the circumference by adopting pipe joints or welding and are uniformly distributed; a gas pressure equalizing cavity 11 is arranged between the upper part of a test material pipe 9 with a vent hole in the reactor 8 and the top of the reactor 8; the exhaust pipe 5 is welded or inserted into the top of the reactor 8.
The reactor 8 consists of a reactor body 12 and an end cover 13 connected to the reactor body 12 through threads; the exhaust pipe 5 is connected to the end cover 13; the thermocouple 2 is installed at the center of the inner lower end of the reactor body 12.
The ratio of the diameter to the height of the test material tube 3 with the vent hole can be any ratio of 1 to 1.5 to 2.5.
The tests carried out using the test apparatus described above are exemplified by:
example 1
The ratio of the diameter to the height of the test tube 3 with the vent in the embodiment is 1: 1.3; the total loading of the test material pipe 3 with the vent hole is a value within the range of 400-1000 g.
The test materials used were: sintered ore, pellet ore, lump ore and coke, wherein the test iron material accounts for 85 wt% of the charging amount of the test material pipe 3 with the vent holes, and the rest 15 wt% is the coke;
a use method of a device for testing the influence of soft molten iron materials in the same radial direction of a blast furnace on gas phase resistance comprises the following steps:
1) according to a material distribution system of a blast furnace, in the alkalinity range of 0.5-2.1, the granularity of iron materials is 10-12.5 mm, four groups of test iron materials with different alkalinity ranges are prepared, namely four groups with the alkalinity ranges of 0.5-0.9, more than 0.9-1.3, more than 1.3-1.7 and more than 1.7-2.1;
2) each vented test tube 3 was filled with test material: the method comprises the following steps:
A. marking the corresponding iron material alkalinity range outside each test material pipe 3 with the air holes;
B. a coke layer with the granularity of 9-13 mm is filled in each test material pipe 3 with the vent hole, the loading amount of the coke layer is 15 wt% of the loading amount of the test iron material in the configured alkalinity range, and the rest is the test iron material;
C. laying a test iron material with a corresponding alkalinity range on a coke layer in the correspondingly marked test material pipe 3 with the vent hole, wherein the percentage of the test iron material accounts for 85 wt% of the charging amount of the test material pipe 3 with the vent hole;
3) placing each test material pipe 3 with air holes and filled with test materials on a grid plate 9 in a reactor 8; and the reactor body 12 is closed by an end cover 13;
4) and (3) introducing gas into each gas inlet pipe 4 for heating, wherein the heating system is as follows:
A. heating to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 18 ℃/min for the first time;
B. and (3) carrying out second temperature rise: when the temperature is heated to 400 ℃, introducing reducing gas into each test material pipe with vent holes, wherein the introduction amount of the reducing gas is controlled to be 4.8L/min; with reducing gas consisting of N2The gas mixture of CO 7: 3; heating to 1000 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 12 ℃/min;
C. carrying out third temperature rise: when the temperature is heated to 1000 ℃, the highest temperature is 1300 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 4.5 ℃/min; the reducing gas is still in the second temperature-raising stage state at the stage;
D. performing heat preservation, wherein the heat preservation time is 27min when the highest temperature is 1300 ℃;
E. by using N2Cooling to room temperature: after stopping inputting the heating gas and the reducing gas, N is introduced2Is cooled, N2Controlling the input amount to be 4.8L/min;
5) the test material tubes with vent holes were taken out, and the results are shown in table 1 by continuously detecting the difference in air pressure resistance of the test materials in different alkalinity ranges during the heating and melting process.
TABLE 1 alkalinity of iron materials with values in the range of 0.5-2.1. the resistance of iron materials to gas phase at 900-1300 deg.C
As can be seen from the test structure in table 1, the resistances of the iron materials with different basicities to the gas phase at different temperatures are different, for example, the resistance of the No. 1 tube (basicity 0.5) with lower basicity at 900-1100 ℃ is higher than that of other basicities at the same temperature, but with the temperature rise, for example: the resistance of No. 4 pipe (alkalinity 1.7) to gas phase after 1200 ℃ and 1300 ℃ is obviously higher than that of low-alkalinity furnace burden. Thus, the difference of the resistance of the furnace charge with different alkalinity in the radial direction of the blast furnace to the gas phase can be obtained. For the furnace charge with the alkalinity of 0.5-1.7, the furnace charge with the alkalinity of 1.3-1.7 is recommended to be distributed by 15-25% more at the edge of the blast furnace, so that the edge air quantity can be inhibited from being reduced by 3-5%, and a basis is provided for the blast furnace to adjust the distribution and the alkalinity of the furnace charge.
Example 2:
the test materials used in this example were: the test iron material accounts for 87% of the charging amount of the test material pipe 3 with the air holes, and the rest 13% is coke;
a use method of a device for testing the influence of soft molten iron materials in the same radial direction of a blast furnace on gas phase resistance comprises the following steps:
1) according to a material distribution system of a blast furnace, in the range of alkalinity of 0.6-2.1, the granularity of iron materials is 5-13 mm, four groups of test iron materials with different alkalinity ranges are prepared, namely four groups of alkalinity ranges of 0.6, 1.1, 1.6 and 2.1 respectively;
2) each vented test tube 3 was filled with test material: the method comprises the following steps:
A. marking the corresponding iron material alkalinity range outside each test material pipe 3 with the air holes;
B. filling a coke layer with the granularity of 9-13 mm into each test material pipe 3 with the vent holes, wherein the loading amount of the coke layer is 13% of the loading amount of the test iron material in the configured alkalinity range;
C. laying a test iron material with a corresponding alkalinity range on a coke layer in the correspondingly marked test material pipe 3 with the vent hole, wherein the test iron material accounts for 87% of the charging amount of the test material pipe 3 with the vent hole;
3) placing each test material pipe 3 with air holes and filled with test materials on a grid plate 9 in a reactor 8; and the reactor body 12 is closed by an end cover 13;
4) and (3) introducing gas into each gas inlet pipe 4 for heating, wherein the heating system is as follows:
A. heating to 400 ℃ at a heating rate of 23 ℃/min for the first time;
B. and (3) carrying out second temperature rise: when the temperature is heated to 400 ℃, the test material pipes with the vent holes are filled with reducing gas, and the reducing gas is filledThe dosage is controlled to be 5.4L/min; with reducing gas consisting of N2The gas mixture of CO 7: 3; heating to 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 14 ℃/min;
C. carrying out third temperature rise: when the temperature is heated to 1000 ℃, the temperature is heated to the maximum temperature of 1400 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 8 ℃/min; the reducing gas is still in the second temperature-raising stage state at the stage;
D. carrying out heat preservation for 31min at the highest temperature;
E. by using N2Cooling to room temperature: after stopping inputting the heating gas and the reducing gas, N is introduced2Is cooled, N2Controlling the feeding amount to be 5.9L/min;
5) the test material tubes with vent holes were taken out, and the results are shown in table 2 by continuously detecting the difference in air pressure resistance of the test materials in different alkalinity ranges during the heating and melting process.
TABLE 2 alkalinity of 0.6-2.1 iron material resistance to gas phase at 900-1400 deg.C
The results in table 2 show that the resistance of the molten iron material to the gas phase increases with the increase of the basicity, but when the temperature exceeds 1300 ℃, the resistance of the molten iron material with the basicity of 0.6-1.1 to the gas phase decreases, and the increase of the resistance of the molten iron material with the basicity of 1.6-2.1 to the gas phase is obviously slowed down. This indicates that above 1300 c, an increase in temperature improves the resistance of the molten iron material to the gas phase.
Example 3
The implementation steps of this example are basically the same as those of example 2, but the basicity is divided into two groups, 1.5 and 2.0, and the particle size of the iron material is classified according to 6-10 mm and more than 10-13 mm: the size fraction group with the alkalinity of 1.5 is 6-10 mm and more than 10-13 mm, the size fraction group with the alkalinity of 2.0 is 6-10 mm and more than 10-13 mm, and the test is respectively carried out; and the highest temperature is 1300 ℃; the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 influence of iron materials with different particle sizes on gas phase resistance at 900-1300 deg.C
The results from table 3 show that: in the temperature range of 900-1100 ℃, the resistance of the iron material with the same alkalinity and small granularity to the gas phase is obviously larger; the resistance difference distance between the small-particle-size iron material and the large-particle-size iron material to the gas phase is gradually reduced within 1200-1300 ℃. Accordingly, the small-particle-size iron material with the particle size of 6-10 mm is suggested to be distributed at the position with vigorous air quantity in the blast furnace so as to improve the air flow distribution in the furnace and improve the utilization rate of blast furnace gas.
Description of the drawings: examples 2 and 3 the ratio of the diameter to the height of the vented test tube 3 was 1: 2.0; the total charge of the vented test tube 3 was 500 g.
The above examples are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A use method of a device for testing the influence of soft molten iron materials in the same radial direction of a blast furnace on gas phase resistance comprises the following steps:
1) according to a material distribution system of a blast furnace, at least three groups of test iron materials with different alkalinity ranges are prepared, wherein the alkalinity ranges from 0.5 to 2.1, and the particle sizes of the iron materials are all between 10 and 12.5 mm;
2) the test material is filled in each test material pipe with air holes: the method comprises the following steps:
A. marking the corresponding iron material alkalinity range outside each test material pipe with the vent hole;
B. filling a coke layer with the granularity of 9-13 mm into each test material pipe with the vent, wherein the filling amount of the coke layer is 10-15% of the filling amount of the test material pipe with the vent;
C. laying a test iron material with a corresponding alkalinity range on a fuel layer in the correspondingly marked test material pipe with the vent hole;
3) placing each test material pipe with air holes, which is filled with the test materials, on a grid plate in the reactor together; and the reactor body is closed by an end cover;
4) introducing gas into each gas inlet pipe for heating, wherein the heating schedule is as follows:
A. carrying out first temperature rise, and heating to 400 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 15-25 ℃/min;
B. and (3) carrying out second temperature rise: when the temperature is heated to 400 ℃, introducing reducing gas into the test material pipes with the vent holes, wherein the introduction amount of the reducing gas is controlled to be 4.5-5.5L/min; with reducing gas consisting of N2CO =7:3 gas; heating to 1000 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-15 ℃/min;
C. carrying out third temperature rise: when the temperature is increased to 1000 ℃, heating at the temperature rising speed of 4-8 ℃/min, wherein the highest temperature is at least 1300 ℃; the reducing gas is still in the second temperature-raising stage state at the stage;
D. preserving heat for at least 25min when the maximum temperature is above 1300 ℃;
E. by using N2Cooling to room temperature: after stopping inputting the heating gas and the reducing gas, N is introduced2Is cooled, N2Controlling the feeding amount to be 4.0-6.0L/min;
5) taking out the test material pipes with the vent holes, and detecting and judging the test materials with different alkalinity ranges;
the device for testing the influence of the soft molten iron material on the gas phase resistance in the same radial direction of the blast furnace mainly comprises a heating furnace, a thermocouple arranged on the heating furnace, a test material pipe with air holes, an air inlet pipe, an air outlet pipe, a pressure gauge on the air inlet pipe and a flow meter, wherein a reactor is arranged in the heating furnace, at least three test material pipes with air holes are arranged in the reactor, the test material pipes with air holes are placed on a grid plate connected in the reactor, and a gas flow stabilizing cavity is formed between the grid plate and a reactor bottom plate; at least three air inlet pipes are arranged at the lower part of the reactor and 5-10 mm away from the bottom plate of the reactor along the circumference; a gas pressure equalizing cavity is arranged between the upper part of a test material pipe with a vent hole in the reactor and the top of the reactor; the exhaust pipe is connected to the top of the reactor;
the reactor consists of a reactor body and an end cover connected to the reactor body; the exhaust pipe is connected to the end cover; the thermocouple is arranged at the center of the lower end in the reactor body;
the ratio of the diameter to the height of the test material pipe with the vent hole is 1: 1.5-2.5.
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