CN109556539B - Large-gradient tunnel axis detection method based on shield segment determination - Google Patents

Large-gradient tunnel axis detection method based on shield segment determination Download PDF

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CN109556539B
CN109556539B CN201811640233.2A CN201811640233A CN109556539B CN 109556539 B CN109556539 B CN 109556539B CN 201811640233 A CN201811640233 A CN 201811640233A CN 109556539 B CN109556539 B CN 109556539B
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plane
coordinate
fitting
coordinates
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CN109556539A (en
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苏京平
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Shanghai Shannan Surveying Design Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G01B11/27—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for detecting the axis of a large-gradient tunnel based on shield segment measurement. Compared with the prior art, the method provided by the invention fully considers the correction of the vertical deviation of the acquired section during the tunnel axis detection, can truly reflect the construction deviation of the tunnel axis, and is more scientific and feasible, small in measurement error and low in implementation cost.

Description

Large-gradient tunnel axis detection method based on shield segment determination
Technical Field
The invention relates to an axis detection method, in particular to a large-gradient tunnel axis detection method based on shield segment determination.
Background
In the process of tunneling the steep-slope tunnel, the front part of the shield tunneling machine has large mass, once attitude deviation is generated, the ring piece is corrected to cause great difficulty, the tunnel forming is not favorably controlled, and even the shield tunneling is influenced, so that the tunnel axis needs to be detected in real time in the tunnel construction process to ensure the accuracy of shield tunneling. The general axis detection method has two methods:
1. measuring the height of a horizontal ruler: the observation point position of the method is not the center of the actual ring piece, particularly when the gradient of the tunnel is large, the gradient cannot be judged by human eyes in the tunnel, and if the height of a vertical surface is used for replacing the radial length of the ring piece, namely the vertical surface of the tunnel, obvious deviation is generated, and the actual measurement precision of the axis is directly influenced.
2. Measuring the section of the total station: the method usually collects three-dimensional coordinates of ring points in a vertical plane, when the gradient of a tunnel is larger, larger deviation between an actual collection plane and a plane to be collected exists, even though some section collection software considers that the collection section direction is determined according to the design gradient of the tunnel axis, the deviation between the actual construction axis and the design axis needs to be measured just due to axis detection, obviously, when the construction axis and the design axis have larger deviation, the true deviation of the construction axis is difficult to find due to orientation according to the design axis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for detecting the axis of a large-gradient tunnel based on shield segment measurement.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for detecting the axis of a large-gradient tunnel based on shield segment determination specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the total station is oriented vertically to the longitudinal direction of the duct piece alongMeasuring three-dimensional coordinates of the edge of the ring piece at one side of the instrument at the joint of the ring pieces point by point, wherein the three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring points are (x)i，yi，hi)TFitting a plane;
(2) calculating the vertical distance from the measuring points to the fitting plane, eliminating rough difference points, and calculating the coordinates of the qualified measuring points on the fitting plane;
(3) fitting a circular curve by using two-dimensional points on a fitting plane, and calculating a circle center coordinate;
(4) and converting the coordinates of the circle center on the fitting plane into the coordinates of the original coordinate system, and comparing the coordinates with the designed coordinates to finish the detection.
Further, in the step (1): the measuring point is at an equal distance from the seam edge.
Further, in the step (1): the equation of the point fitting space plane o '-x' y 'z' is ax + by + ch + d is 0.
Further, the coordinate of the measuring point in the step (2) is (xp)i,ypi,hpi)TThe calculation equation is:
Figure BDA0001930976840000021
in the formula: v. ofi＝-axi-byi-chi-d。
Further, in the step (3):
the equation for the circle is: (xp)i-x0)2+(ypi-y0)2＝R2In the formula: (x)0,y0) As the center plane coordinate, R is the radius of the circle,
error equation:
Figure BDA0001930976840000022
in the formula:
Figure BDA0001930976840000023
further, in the step (4): coordinates (x) with the center of the circle in the fitting plane0,y00) to coordinates (x) in the original planex,yy,hh)，
Figure BDA0001930976840000024
In the formula: (x)c,yc,hc) As translation amount of coordinate system, alpha, beta, gamma as transformation rotation angle of coordinate system, R1(α),R2(β),R3(γ)Is a rotation matrix, and the calculation formula is:
Figure BDA0001930976840000025
Figure BDA0001930976840000031
Figure BDA0001930976840000032
the method skillfully utilizes the ring piece joint to determine the tunnel section collecting plane, can objectively reflect the current tunnel construction situation compared with the traditional measuring scheme, establishes an independent coordinate system, fits a space circle by least square, and has the advantages of strict coordinate conversion model, high calculation precision and small error.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the correction of vertical deviation of the collected section in tunnel axis detection is fully considered, and the construction deviation of the tunnel axis is truly reflected;
2) the field operation implementation scheme is simple and convenient, and the method is scientific and feasible;
3) the same station can detect a plurality of tunnel sections at one time;
4) the measurement precision can be effectively ensured, and the influence of measurement errors is small;
5) and an independent coordinate system is established, so that the calculation is more simplified, the calculation precision is high, and the error is small.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the detection method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a fitted plane and an original plane;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Examples
A method for detecting the axis of a large-gradient tunnel based on shield segment determination comprises the following specific scheme:
1) and (3) arranging measurement stations on the ground of the tunnel, and measuring the plane coordinates and the elevation of the measurement stations by using underground control points, as shown in figure 1.
2) And a high-precision prism-free total station is arranged at the measuring station, and the measuring instrument is high.
3) The total station is oriented in the longitudinal direction of the duct piece, and the three-dimensional coordinate (x) is measured point by point along the edge of the ring piece at one side of the instrument at the joint of the ring piecesi,yi,hi)TAnd the measured point is required to be separated from the edge of the seam by the same distance as much as possible (the human eye estimation error is within 5 cm), and the observation data is automatically recorded in the instrument memory.
4) Fitting the spatial plane o '-x' y 'z' with three-dimensional coordinates acquired by a station, as shown in FIG. 2:
ax+by+ch+d＝0。
5) calculating the vertical distance from each measuring point to the plane point by point, eliminating the rough difference points, projecting all qualified points to the fitted plane, and calculating the coordinates of the points on the fitted plane: (xp)i,ypi,hpi)T
Figure BDA0001930976840000041
In the formula: v. ofi＝-axi-byi-chi-d。
6) To fit two-dimensional points (xp) on a planei,ypi)TFitting a circular curve by using a least square method and calculating the three-dimensional center of a circleCoordinates are as follows:
the equation for the circle is: (xp)i-x0)2+(ypi-y0)2＝R2In the formula: (x)0,y0) As plane coordinates of the center of a circle
Error equation:
Figure BDA0001930976840000042
in the formula:
Figure BDA0001930976840000043
7) and (3) coordinate conversion: coordinates (x) centered on the o '-x' y 'z' coordinate system0,y00) to coordinates (x) in the tunnel construction coordinate system o-xyhx,yy,hh)
Figure BDA0001930976840000044
In the formula: (x)c,yc,hc) For translation of the coordinate system
In the above formula, α, β, γ are coordinate system conversion rotation angles, R1(α),R2(β),R3(γ)Is a rotation matrix, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0001930976840000045
Figure BDA0001930976840000051
Figure BDA0001930976840000052
as shown in fig. 3, the designed gradient of a certain tunnel section is 35 per mill, the inner diameter of the ring piece is 10.5m, two times of section data acquisition of the same measuring station are respectively carried out by adopting a conventional section acquisition method and the method, and the observation data and the calculation result are as follows:
Figure BDA0001930976840000053
comparing the calculated results without considering the influence of other measuring factors on the deviation, and obtaining the following conclusion:
the vertical deviation of the collected section causes the difference between the center points of the tunnel in the range of the axial line to be 183mm and the difference in the elevation of the axial line to be 7.5mm, and the section line is changed from a circle to an ellipse by collecting the section of the tunnel in the vertical plane, so that the difference of the calculation results of the fitting radius is 4.0 mm.
Usually the tunnel axis measurement error is required to be less than 25mm, and obviously, the above-mentioned multiple deviations will have obvious influence on the plane and elevation detection results of the tunnel axis.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A large-gradient tunnel axis detection method based on shield segment determination is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) the total station is oriented in the longitudinal direction of the duct piece, and measures three-dimensional coordinates point by point along the edge of the duct piece at one side of the apparatus at the joint of the duct pieces, wherein the three-dimensional coordinates of the measuring points are (x)i，yi，hi)TFitting a plane;
(2) calculating the vertical distance from the measuring points to the fitting plane, eliminating rough difference points, and calculating the coordinates of the qualified measuring points on the fitting plane;
(3) fitting a circular curve by using two-dimensional points on a fitting plane, and calculating a circle center coordinate;
(4) converting the coordinate of the circle center on the fitting plane into the coordinate of the original coordinate system, and comparing the coordinate with the designed coordinate to finish detection;
in the step (1): the measuring points are away from the edge of the seam by the same distance;
the equation of the measuring point fitting space plane o '-x' y 'z' is ax + by + ch + d is 0;
the coordinate of the measuring point in the step (2) is (xp)i,ypi,hpi)TThe calculation equation is:
Figure FDA0002899416610000011
in the formula: v. ofi＝-axi-byi-chi-d，
In the step (4): coordinates (x) with the center of the circle in the fitting plane0,y00) to coordinates (x) in the original planex,yy,hh)，
Figure FDA0002899416610000012
In the formula: (x)c,yc,hc) As translation amount of coordinate system, alpha, beta, gamma as transformation rotation angle of coordinate system, R1(α),R2(β),R3(γ)Is a rotation matrix, and the calculation formula is:
Figure FDA0002899416610000013
Figure FDA0002899416610000021
Figure FDA0002899416610000022
2. the method for detecting the axis of the large-gradient tunnel based on shield segment determination as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3):
the equation for the circle is: (xp)i-x0)2+(ypi-y0)2＝R2In the formula: (x)0,y0) As the center plane coordinate, R is the radius of the circle,
error equation:
Figure FDA0002899416610000023
in the formula:
Figure FDA0002899416610000024
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CN111489390B (en) * 2020-03-25 2023-10-13 山东科技大学 Central axis extraction method for circular tunnel
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