CN109555168B - Building liquid buoyancy indoor test device and test method - Google Patents
Building liquid buoyancy indoor test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109555168B CN109555168B CN201811508346.7A CN201811508346A CN109555168B CN 109555168 B CN109555168 B CN 109555168B CN 201811508346 A CN201811508346 A CN 201811508346A CN 109555168 B CN109555168 B CN 109555168B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N prednisolone Chemical group O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 OIGNJSKKLXVSLS-VWUMJDOOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2600/00—Miscellaneous
- E02D2600/10—Miscellaneous comprising sensor means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a building liquid buoyancy indoor test device and a test method, wherein the device comprises a foundation pitThe foundation pit model box comprises a model box (1), a medium soil layer (6) filled in the foundation pit model box (1), a building model box (2) arranged at the middle upper part of the medium soil layer (6), a bottom plate and side walls which are in contact with soil, and a pressure sensor (3) and a pore water pressure gauge (5) which are arranged below the bottom plate of the building model box (2) and in the soil; the side wall of the building model box (2) is 45 degrees with the horizontal plane. In the invention, the side wall of the building model box is 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, so that the side friction resistance of soil and the side wall of the structure can be effectively eliminated, and F is obtained by test Float test value Closer to the true value; the use of the pressure sensor and the pore water pressure gauge can accurately obtain F at the time Float test value . In conclusion, the invention effectively improves F Float test value The accuracy of the reduction coefficient K is further guaranteed, and finally, waste of a large amount of materials can be avoided, and the construction cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of foundation buoyancy test, in particular to a building liquid buoyancy indoor test device and a test method.
Background
In recent years, with development and utilization of urban underground space, buoyancy problems of underground buildings and structures (for brevity, the structures are represented by the buildings) are gradually highlighted, corresponding precipitation measures are often adopted in the process of excavation of foundation pits of the buildings, the underground water level can be gradually restored to the normal water level along with the time after the foundation is completed, larger buoyancy is generated for the foundation, and if the self weight of the building structure cannot meet the anti-floating requirement, engineering accidents are caused without reasonable anti-floating measures, and the common engineering accidents at present are as follows: (1) the whole underground building floats upwards; (2) a floor elevation of an underground building; (3) Local destruction of the structure of the underground building, which necessitates anti-floating design research on the underground building.
When a building floats in liquid water, the buoyancy can be applied by archimedes principle p=γ w Calculated for hA, wherein, gamma w The gravity of water, h is the water head height above the bottom plate of the underground structure, A is the bottom area of the underground structure; when the building is in the dense watertight medium layer, the buoyancy of the building is zero and the building cannot float; when a building floats in a water-permeable and non-compact medium layer, the buoyancy is between the building and the medium layer, and can be determined by reducing the Archimedes principle buoyancy to a certain extent. The specific reduction coefficient K is obtained through a liquid buoyancy indoor test, and the reduction coefficient K=F Float test value /F Float theoretical value ，F Float theoretical value To simulate the magnitude of the buoyancy accepted by the building box of a building when fully floating in liquid water, the buoyancy is calculated by Archimedes principle, F Float test value The buoyancy of the building box in the corresponding medium is obtained through indoor test.
In the existing liquid buoyancy indoor test process, a building is simulated by using a rectangular iron sheet water tank. However, the simulation method cannot eliminate the frictional resistance between the soil body and the side wall of the structure, and the specific numerical value of the frictional resistance cannot be known in the test. According to the actual stress condition of the building, the structure of the building is vertical and finally subjected to three forces: f (F) Side of the vehicle +W＝F Floating device W is the self weight of the building structure, F Side of the vehicle Is the side friction resistance of the soil body to the side surface of the structure, F Floating device The buoyancy of the foundation slab of the structure is realized by groundwater; due to F Side of the vehicle Unknown, we can not accurately obtain W and F Floating device Relationship between them. Returning to the indoor test, due to F Side of the vehicle Unknown, experimentally obtained F Float test value The weight of the building is generally larger, so that the reduction coefficient K is larger, a large amount of materials are wasted when the test data are applied to engineering practice, and the engineering cost is increased (because the self weight W of the building is ensured to be larger than the buoyancy F of groundwater to the structure Floating device If F Floating device Larger, W is naturally larger).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a building liquid buoyancy indoor test device and a test method, which are used for solving the problem that the buoyancy reduction coefficient is larger because side friction resistance generated on the structural side wall of a soil body cannot be eliminated in the existing test.
In order to solve the problems, the device for testing the liquid buoyancy of the building in the room comprises a foundation pit model box, a medium soil layer filled in the foundation pit model box, a building model box arranged at the middle upper part of the medium soil layer, a bottom plate and side walls, which are in contact with soil, a pressure sensor and a pore water pressure gauge which are arranged below the bottom plate of the building model box and are arranged in the soil; the pressure sensor is used for detecting the pressure value of the building model box to the soil layer below; the side wall of the building model box is 45 degrees with the horizontal plane.
Preferably, the building model box is in a regular quadrangular frustum pyramid shape as a whole.
Preferably, the number of the pressure sensors is a plurality of, and the pressure sensors are uniformly distributed at the center and around the bottom plate of the building model box.
Preferably, the medium soil layer comprises clay, coarse sand, fine sand, loess or red sandstone.
Preferably, the device further comprises cement mortar layers arranged on the bottom plate and the side wall of the building model box.
Correspondingly, the invention also provides a method for testing the buoyancy of the building liquid in the room, which comprises the following steps:
adding water into a medium soil layer in the foundation pit model box until the water submerges the top surface of the medium soil layer;
adding water into the building model box to enable the building model box to be tightly attached to soil body and not to be in a floating state, and then standing for a period of time to enable the medium soil layer to reach a saturated state;
after standing, gradually pumping water in the building model box, and referring to the pressure sensor to display the number to find the floating moment of the building model box;
and stopping draining immediately when the floating moment is found, and calculating according to the indication of the pore water pressure gauge and the area of the bottom plate of the building model box at the moment to obtain the buoyancy of the bottom plate of the building model box in the medium soil layer.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
cement mortar layers are arranged on the bottom plate and the side wall of the building model box, the buoyancy of the building model box bottom plate under the condition is calculated, and the influence of soil porosity on the water buoyancy of the building foundation bottom plate is researched by comparing and analyzing the buoyancy with the buoyancy under the normal condition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
in the invention, (1) the side wall of the building model box forms 45 degrees with the horizontal plane, so that the side friction resistance of the soil body and the side wall of the structure can be effectively eliminated, and the buoyancy is equal to the self weight of the structure in value, namely W=F Floating device F obtained by the test Float test value Closer to the true value; (2) The use of the pressure sensor and the pore water pressure gauge can accurately obtain F at the time Float test value . In conclusion, the invention effectively improves F Float test value The accuracy of the reduction coefficient K is further guaranteed, and finally, waste of a large amount of materials can be avoided, and the construction cost is reduced.
Drawings
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a building liquid buoyancy indoor test device provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of a building liquid buoyancy indoor test device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a pressure sensor and pore water pressure gauge provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-foundation pit model box, 2-building model box, 3-pressure sensor, 4-liquid water, 5-pore water pressure gauge and 6-medium soil layer.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, the embodiment of the invention provides a building liquid buoyancy indoor test device, which specifically comprises a foundation pit model box 1, a medium soil layer 6 filled in the foundation pit model box 1, a building model box 2 arranged at the middle upper part, the bottom plate and the side wall of the medium soil layer 6 and contacted with soil, a pressure sensor 3 arranged in the soil below the bottom plate of the building model box 2, and a pore water pressure gauge 5.
The side wall of the building model box 2 is 45 degrees with the horizontal plane. In practical application, the building model box 2 can be a non-cover iron box with a square frustum shape; the foundation pit model box 1 is a cuboid iron box without a cover.
The pressure sensor 3 is used for detecting the pressure value of the building model box 2 to the soil layer below. Further, the number of the pressure sensors 3 is a plurality, and the pressure sensors are uniformly distributed at the center and around the bottom plate of the building model box 2. For example, in the case that the building model box 2 is in a regular square frustum shape, the bottom plate is a square plate, the arrangement condition of the pressure sensor 3 and the pore water pressure gauge 5 below the bottom plate can be referred to fig. 3, in which one pressure sensor 3 is arranged at the center of the bottom plate and four corners around the center of the bottom plate, and the pore water pressure gauge 5 is located near the center of the bottom plate.
For the manufacturing process of the test device, for example: the building model box 2 is in a regular quadrangular frustum pyramid shape; dividing the height of the foundation pit model box 1 into fifteen equal parts, and dividing the height of the building model box 2 into six equal parts; firstly, filling a five-equal-thickness dielectric soil layer 6 into a foundation pit model box 1, (2) arranging a pressure sensor 3 and a pore water pressure gauge 5 at the central position of the dielectric soil layer 6 according to the position mode, (3) placing the building model box 2 on the dielectric soil layer 6 to enable the bottom of the box to be in close contact with soil, taking care of ensuring that the center of the bottom of the box is aligned with the pressure sensor 3 at the center, and (4) finally, filling a six-equal-thickness dielectric soil layer 6 into the foundation pit model box 1, wherein the top surface of the dielectric soil layer 6 is flush with the top of the building model box 2 at the moment, and thus completing the manufacturing of the test device.
Considering that the buoyancy of the building model boxes 2 is different when floating in different medium layers, the medium soil layer 6 can be one of clay, coarse sand, fine sand, loess, red sandstone and other mediums, and the specific choice of the medium soil layer depends on actual requirements. Wherein, the red sandstone is special red sandstone soil with middle-weak water permeability in northwest areas. Of course, in practical application, indoor simulation tests can be carried out on all the mediums to obtain the water buoyancy force born by the building foundation slab in different medium soil layers, and then corresponding reduction coefficients are calculated so as to study the relationship between the water buoyancy force born by the building foundation slab and the physical properties of soil bodies of different medium soil layers.
Further, the device of the invention can also comprise cement mortar layers arranged on the bottom plate and the side wall of the building model box 2; the cement mortar and the building model box 2 are connected through cement mortar adhesive. The mode can enable the water buoyancy force borne by the bottom plate and the side wall of the building model box 2 to be transferred to the building model box 2 through cement mortar, so that the particle contact mode between the soil body of the medium soil layer 6 and the building model box 2 is changed, and the porosity of the soil body is eliminated. By comparing and analyzing the buoyancy of the bottom plate of the building model box 2 under the condition and the buoyancy under the normal condition, the influence of the soil porosity on the water buoyancy of the building foundation bottom plate can be studied.
The side friction resistance of soil and the side wall of the structure can be effectively eliminated for 45 degrees, so that the variation of buoyancy is equal to the variation of the self weight of the structure in value delta W=delta F Floating device Explanation is made: according to coulomb soil pressure formula
Wherein: gamma-the weight of the earth, KN/m3;
-internal friction angle of the fill, degree;
alpha is the inclination angle of the wall back, the degree is positive when the wall back is inclined, and the negative when the wall back is inclined;
tilt angle of the earth-filled surface behind the beta-wall.
In the above formula, gamma, h, alpha, beta andphi is known, and the angle theta of the sliding surface to the horizontal is assumed. If the included angle θ=45° between the sliding surface and the horizontal plane is assumed, in the present invention, the side wall of the building model box 2 replaces the soil body sliding surface, the included angle between the side wall and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees, and then the wall back is inclined according to the shape of the building model box 2, so α= -45 °, and then, in substitution, cos (θ—α) =0, so e=0, so that the side friction resistance given to the structural side by the soil body when the building floats up is not generated. The side friction resistance generated by soil particles and the side wall of the structure is effectively eliminated by changing the bottom angle of the simulated building model box, so that the buoyancy is equal to the structural dead weight in value, namely W=F Floating device 。
Based on the building liquid buoyancy indoor test device disclosed by the embodiment, the other embodiment of the invention also correspondingly provides a building liquid buoyancy indoor test method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) And adding water into the medium soil layer 6 in the foundation pit model box 1 until the water submerges to the top surface of the medium soil layer 6.
(2) Adding water into the building model box 2 to enable the building model box 2 to be closely attached to soil body and not to be in a floating state, and then standing for a period of time to enable the medium soil layer 6 to reach a saturated state.
(3) After the standing is completed, water in the building model box 2 is gradually pumped away, and the moment when the building model box 2 floats is searched by referring to the indication of the pressure sensor 3.
(4) And stopping draining immediately when the floating moment is found, and calculating according to the indication number of the pore water pressure gauge 5 and the area of the bottom plate of the building model box 2 at the moment to obtain the buoyancy of the bottom plate of the building model box 2 in the medium soil layer 6.
When the indication of the pressure sensor 3 is 0, the moment when the building model box 2 floats is considered as the moment, and the self weight of the building model box 2 is equal to the water buoyancy of the ground water to the bottom plate of the building model box 2. Here, it should be noted that, ideally, the floating moment is calculated when the indication numbers of all the pressure sensors 3 are zero, but in actual operation, the floating moment is considered when the indication number of the pressure sensor 3 is 0.
According to the stress analysis, the building model box 2 and the pore water pressure gauge 5 are reflected by:
wherein: g is the self weight of the building model box 2, F Float test value The buoyancy force is born by the bottom plate of the building model box 2, and f is the indication of the pressure sensor 3; p is the indication of the pore water pressure gauge 5, and S is the floor area of the building model box 2. It can be seen that the indication of the pressure sensor 3 is used to find the moment of the building model box 2 floating, and the indication of the pore water pressure gauge 5 is used to calculate F by multiplying the floor area S of the building model box 2 Float test value . After F is obtained Float test value After that, according to the formula k=f Float test value /F Float theoretical value Calculating a reduction coefficient K; it will be appreciated that F herein Float theoretical value Calculated according to the Archimedes principle.
Further, the method further comprises: cement mortar layers are arranged on the bottom plate and the side wall of the building model box 2, the buoyancy of the bottom plate of the building model box 2 under the condition is calculated, and the influence of soil porosity on the water buoyancy of the building foundation bottom plate is researched by comparing and analyzing the buoyancy with the buoyancy under the normal condition.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is described in detail. The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to facilitate an understanding of the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these modifications and adaptations are intended to be within the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. The device is characterized by comprising a foundation pit model box (1), a medium soil layer (6) filled in the foundation pit model box (1), a building model box (2) arranged at the middle upper part of the medium soil layer (6), a bottom plate and side walls and contacted with soil, and a pressure sensor (3) and a pore water pressure gauge (5) arranged below the bottom plate of the building model box (2) and placed in the soil; the pressure sensor (3) is used for detecting the pressure value of the building model box (2) on the soil layer below; the side wall of the building model box (2) is 45 degrees with the horizontal plane; the building model box (2) is in a regular quadrangular frustum pyramid shape as a whole; the number of the pressure sensors (3) is multiple, and the pressure sensors are uniformly distributed at the center and the periphery of the bottom plate of the building model box (2).
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric soil layer (6) comprises clay, coarse sand, fine sand, loess or red sandstone.
3. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 2, further comprising a layer of cement mortar provided on the floor and side walls of the building model box (2).
4. A method of building liquid buoyancy indoor test, characterized in that the building liquid buoyancy indoor test apparatus of claim 1 is used, the method comprising: adding water into a medium soil layer (6) in the foundation pit model box (1) until the water submerges to the top surface of the medium soil layer (6); adding water into the building model box (2) to enable the building model box (2) to be closely attached to soil body and not to be in a floating state, and then standing for a period of time to enable the medium soil layer (6) to reach a saturated state; after standing, gradually pumping water in the building model box (2), and referring to the indication of the pressure sensor (3) to find the floating moment of the building model box (2); and stopping draining immediately when the floating moment is found, and calculating according to the indication of the pore water pressure gauge (5) and the area of the bottom plate of the building model box (2) at the moment to obtain the buoyancy of the building model box (2) in the medium soil layer (6).
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method further comprises: cement mortar layers are arranged on the bottom plate and the side wall of the building model box (2), the buoyancy of the bottom plate of the building model box (2) under the condition is calculated, and the influence of soil porosity on the water buoyancy of the building foundation bottom plate is researched by comparing and analyzing the buoyancy with the buoyancy under the normal condition.
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| CN111062144B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2023-03-31 | 北京城建勘测设计研究院有限责任公司 | Underground structure buoyancy measuring and calculating method |
| CN110987507B (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2024-06-21 | 北京城建勘测设计研究院有限责任公司 | Buoyancy model test device |
| CN115359713A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-11-18 | 安徽省建筑科学研究设计院 | Underground water buoyancy model system |
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| JP2004285678A (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2004-10-14 | Fujita Corp | Method and structure for suppressing buoyancy of structure |
| CN101806669A (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2010-08-18 | 同济大学 | Testing system of high-precision still water buoyancy model with underground structure |
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