Background technique
Cogging torque (also known as slot effect) is peculiar one of the problem of magneto, be high-performance permanent magnet design of electrical motor and
The critical issue that must be taken into consideration and solve in manufacture.Permanent magnet and stator core when cogging torque is magneto winding no power
Between interact the torque of generation, caused by being the tangential component as interaction force between permanent magnet and armature tooth.Tooth socket
Torque can make motor generate vibration and noise, the fluctuation of speed occur, prevent motor from even running, influence the performance of motor.?
In variable speed drives, when torque pulsation frequency is consistent with the mechanical resonance frequency of stator or rotor, the vibration of cogging torque generation
It will be amplified with noise.The presence of cogging torque equally affects low-speed performance and position control of the motor in speed control system
High accuracy positioning in system processed.So the engineer for doing magneto research and development wishes the cogging torque of self-made motor to drop
To minimum, the cogging torque of this motor on hand is then wanted to know about using the engineer of magneto, to go to optimize his control
Algorithm processed.
There are many existing method for eliminating cogging torque, there is score channel process, take magnetic slot-seal, reduce width of rebate, increase
Gas length reduces air gap flux density, improves numerous methods such as air-gap field distribution, skewed slot, oblique pole or magnetic pole segmentation dislocation.Its
In, skewed stator slot or skewed-rotor are to inhibit cogging torque pulsation most effective and one of widely used method.Skewed stator slot side
Method is mainly used for the more and axially longer motor of number of stator slots.But skewed stator slot is unfavorable for winding inserting in technique, it is special
When not being coil winding machine automatic winding, it can not operate.Skewed-rotor is seldom adopted in engineering since processing is complicated, material cost is high
With.In general, the method for skewed-rotor is replaced to be rotor segment, rotor segment contains rotor punching segmentation and magnet steel segmentation.Turn
Son segmentation is to the effect for eliminating cogging torque: the quantity of segmentation is more, and effect is better, in general, is divided to two sections of effect not
It is very good, it is segmented too many process costs and too high, divides three sections in engineering and substantially achieve effect, relatively skewed stator slot or rotor
The effect of oblique pole.Because the position of magnetic pole between the section and section of rotor be it is different, rotary angle position requires, because
How this, by rotor magnetic steel split fix achieve the purpose that rotor points three sections, to reduce cogging torque, do not increase rotor manufacture at
This, becomes those skilled in the art's technical problem urgently to be resolved.
Utility model patent CN200920250081.5 discloses a kind of magneto for effectively eliminating slot effect, and has
Body discloses the rotor of motor using durface mounted permanent magnet body, and stator is spliced by assembled piece type iron core, the tooth boot portion of stator piece
Have that boots are sharp, the boots point that stator piece is spliced into two neighboring stator piece after one-piece stator is in close contact together.Stator piece
After being assembled together, a circle almost without gap being formed in a circumferential direction, keeps tooth socket Distribution of Magnetic Field uniform, when operation turns
Square fluctuation is smaller.Permanent magnet is divided into multistage in the axial direction and is spaced apart, and each section of permanent magnet of homopolarity is by same circumferencial direction sequence
Heterogeneous Permutation.Each section of permanent magnet of homopolarity misplaces a space width altogether must in air-gap field with stator tooth mutual cooperation effect
More uniform flux density is arrived, so that cogging torque is improved.However the motor is needed to do improvement to stator and rotor and be set
Meter, permanent magnet and stator tooth after design cooperate to improve cogging torque, once there is an improvement in stator and rotor
There are deviation, cogging torque problem can not be solved effectively.
Utility model patent CN201220271302.9 discloses the brush-less permanent magnetic that high speed rotor magnetic pole is segmented dislocation
Direct current generator, and specifically disclosing motor includes electric machine casing, the punching of stator silicon steel, multiply coil windings and set magnet permanent body,
Permanent magnet interior room, the oblique magnetic pole of rotor and rotor magnetic pole segmented are equipped in the silicon steel punching tooth socket silicon steel punching of motor rotor core
Dislocation offset.The rotor is angularly offset using the back segment of segmented and adjacent segment compared with leading portion dislocation, when there is multistage,
All Duan Douxiang same direction offsets cause motor operation flat so that the magnetic potential of all sections of synthesis can be deviated with field offset
Stability is inadequate.Also, the utility model has also done the design of field frame assembly skewed slot to stator, which needs and improvement
Stator afterwards is used cooperatively, and can not adapt to other types stator;Once with the presence of an improvement deviation, tooth socket in stator and rotor
Torque problem can not be solved effectively.
Utility model patent CN202586688U discloses the oblique polar permanent magnetic synchronous servo motor of segmented rotor, and specific public
Having opened motor includes stator and rotor;Rotor uses axial segmentation structure, is at least divided into three sections, every section of rotor outer wall is circumferentially equal
It is even be arranged at least two blocks of magnet steel, the circumferential pole magnet steel N and the pole S along rotor alternate intervals arrange, adjacent two-stage rotor for
The sectional position of same polarity magnet steel is staggered certain angle, and back segment and leading portion are staggered contrary, form segmented rotor
Oblique pole structure.The motor is using being the segmental structure design done for internal rotor, and the magnet steel of two sections of the interlude is to same side
It is in same position to offset, and after deviating, so that the magnetic potential of all sections of synthesis is directed towards the offset of two field offset directions, Bu Huiyu
Interlude magnetic potential center is overlapped.Although can weaken cogging torque, there is centainly motor operation stationarity at the magnetic potential center of offset
It influences, so that motor performance is not good enough.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, it is simple, at low cost to propose a kind of manufacturing process by the present invention, eliminates tooth socket and turns
Square can make rotor structure for permanent magnet motor, the magneto of motor even running.
The technical scheme is that:
The present invention is a kind of including rotor punching and the magnet steel being attached on rotor punching;The magnet steel is axial segmentation formula magnet steel knot
Structure, the magnet steel are at least divided into three sections;Using a certain section of magnet steel as benchmark magnet steel section, by even number section phase in other magnet steel sections
It is staggered certain angle to sectional position of the benchmark magnet steel section for same polar magnet steel, so that the magnetic of other magnet steel sections synthesis
Gesture center is overlapped with benchmark magnet steel section magnetic potential center.
Preferably, the magnet steel is divided into odd number section, and other magnet steel sections both with respect to benchmark magnet steel section for same
The sectional position of one polar magnet steel is staggered certain angle.
Preferably, the magnet steel is three-stage magnetic steel structure.
Preferably, the benchmark magnet steel section is interlude, two sections of magnet steel sections of two sides with respect to the benchmark magnet steel section for
The sectional position of same polar magnet steel is staggered certain angle, and it is contrary to be staggered.
Preferably, the benchmark magnet steel section is the magnet steel section where magnetic field induction area.
Preferably, every section of magnet steel is circumferentially alternately evenly equipped with the pole N, the pole S.
Preferably, spaced distance between the adjacent pole N and the pole S.
Preferably, the angle is equal to θsk=360/LCM(Z,2P);Wherein LCM (Z, 2P) is motor pole number and slot number
Least common multiple.
A kind of magneto, including stator, above-mentioned electromagnetic machine rotor structure.
Preferably, the electromagnetic machine rotor structure is assemblied in outside the stator.
The invention has the following advantages:
A kind of rotor structure for permanent magnet motor of the present invention, magneto, can effectively eliminate cogging torque, manufacturing process is simple, cost
It is low;Installation site of the Hall sensor in stator, stator structure can also not changed, can assemble using rotor structure, be not necessarily to
The design of other adaptive changes is done, the rotor structure versatility is good.
Specific embodiment
Following is a specific embodiment of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, technical scheme of the present invention will be further described,
However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Fig. 1,2 show existing permanent magnet synchronous motor inner stator lamination structure and rotor magnetic steel package assembly.In Fig. 1
Stator laminating structure is with 12 slot stator punchings, and each slot is unclosed.Rotor structure in Fig. 2 is whole segmentation knot
Structure, circle alternate is evenly equipped with the pole N and the pole S thereon.When use is made of said stator lamination structure and rotor magnetic steel package assembly
Motor when, cogging torque can make motor generate vibration and noise, the fluctuation of speed occur, prevent motor from even running, influence
Motor performance.And for the existing design method defect referred in above-mentioned background technique, the present invention proposes a kind of reduction tooth socket
Torque, manufacturing process is simple, at low cost, and the good rotor structure for permanent magnet motor of motor stationary performance, magneto.
A kind of rotor structure for permanent magnet motor of the present invention, including rotor punching and the magnet steel being attached on rotor punching.Generally
Magnet steel glue is attached on rotor patch.The magnet steel is axial segmentation formula magnetic steel structure, and the magnet steel is at least divided into three
Section, in this way effect of the effect of elimination cogging torque close to skewed stator slot or skewed-rotor.Using a certain section of magnet steel as benchmark
Even number section in other magnet steel sections is staggered one for the sectional position of same polar magnet steel with respect to the benchmark magnet steel section by magnet steel section
Angle is determined, so that the magnetic potential center of other magnet steel sections synthesis is overlapped with benchmark magnet steel section magnetic potential center.
For example, magnet steel is divided into four sections under an embodiment, any one section in four sections is benchmark magnet steel section, other
Two sections in magnet steel section can be deviated relative to the benchmark magnet steel section, primarily with respect to the sectional position of same polar magnet steel
Be staggered certain angle, and the angle is equal to θsk=360/LCM(Z,2P);Wherein LCM (Z, 2P) is the minimum of motor pole number and slot number
Common multiple.When stator punching is 12 slot, 16 pole stator punching, θss=360 4=1.875 degree of ÷ of ÷ LCM (12,16), i.e. section and section
Between position of magnetic pole mechanical angle be 1.875 degree.One section in other magnet steel sections does not shift, and keeps and the benchmark magnetic
Steel fragment position is identical.Arrangement mode can be according to angle shown in Fig. 3, from left to right: magnet steel section do not deviate, magnet steel field offset+θsk、
Magnet steel field offset-θsk, magnet steel section do not deviate (benchmark magnet steel section) or magnet steel field offset+θsk, magnet steel section do not deviate, magnet steel section
Do not deviate (benchmark magnet steel section), magnet steel field offset-θsk, arrangement mode is not limited to aforesaid way.Also, two wherein to shift
Section, deviates equal angles relative to benchmark magnet steel section, in this way, in the magnetic potential for synthesizing other magnet steel sections finally in the opposite direction
The heart is overlapped with benchmark magnet steel section magnetic potential center.Analogized with this example, when magnet steel is divided into even number section, at least two sections of magnetic
Steel does not shift.Although magnetic potential center can be made to coincide with benchmark magnet steel section magnetic potential center in this way, in terms of weakening cogging torque
Have to be strengthened.
For example, magnet steel is divided into five sections under another embodiment, any one section in five sections is benchmark magnet steel section,
There are two sections can deviate relative to the benchmark magnet steel section in his magnet steel section, primarily with respect to the section position of same polar magnet steel
Set the certain angle that is staggered, then remaining two sections without offset, keep it is identical as the benchmark magnet steel fragment position.It does not deviate in this way
Magnet steel segment number increases, and more can not effectively solve the problems, such as cogging torque.For this purpose, other magnet steel Duan Zhongsi Duan Junke relative to
The benchmark magnet steel section is deviated, and is staggered certain angle primarily with respect to the sectional position of same polar magnet steel.When stator rushes
When piece is 12 slot, 16 pole stator punching, θss=360 5=1.5 degree of ÷ of ÷ LCM (12,16), i.e. position of magnetic pole between section and section
Mechanical angle is 1.5 degree.Arrangement mode can be according to angle shown in Fig. 3, from left to right: magnet steel field offset+θsk, magnet steel section it is inclined
Shifting-θsk, magnet steel field offset+θsk, magnet steel field offset-θsk, magnet steel section do not deviate (benchmark magnet steel section) or magnet steel field offset+
θsk, magnet steel field offset-θsk, magnet steel field offset+θsk, magnet steel section do not deviate (benchmark magnet steel section), magnet steel field offset-θsk, arrangement side
Formula is not limited to aforesaid way.In this way, magnetic potential center can not only be made to coincide with benchmark magnet steel section magnetic potential center, and can effectively weaken
Cogging torque, makes motor even running, and motor performance is good.
For this purpose, magnet steel is preferably divided into odd number section by the present invention, and other magnet steel sections both with respect to benchmark magnet steel section for
The sectional position of same polar magnet steel is staggered certain angle.In this way, after being used as benchmark magnet steel section for a certain section, remaining idol
Several sections of magnet steel can be with two for one group of composition multiple groups magnet steel field offset group, and every group of two sections of magnet steel sections are relative to benchmark magnet steel
Section is staggered certain angle for the sectional position of same polar magnet steel, and offset angular is contrary, and angle is equal.It is described
Angle is equal to θsk=360/LCM(Z,2P);Wherein LCM (Z, 2P) is the least common multiple of motor pole number and slot number.
As number of segment increases, the amplitude of cogging torque is gradually reduced, and when reaching four sections, cogging torque reducing effect is
Very well, at five sections, cogging torque can have ignored completely.From the point of view of cost, as number of segment increases, manufacturing cost also can
It increase accordingly.For this purpose, the present invention is preferably three-stage magnetic steel structure.
One embodiment, the benchmark magnet steel section are interlude, and the both ends magnet steel section of two sides is relative to the benchmark magnet steel section
It is staggered certain angle for the sectional position of same polar magnet steel, and it is contrary to be staggered.Specifically, 12 slot, 16 pole
Brushless motor stator punching, the mechanical angle of every slot are α=360 ° ÷ 12=30 °.Axial height h=99mm of rotor.It will turn
Son is divided into 3 sections, then the height of every section of magnet steel is 33mm.Every section of 16 pole magnet steel N, S is alternately and circumference uniform distribution is pasted onto rotor punching
Piece inner wall, three sections of magnet steel gather into folds it using the center of circle of rotor as midpoint, and a side section is rotated relative to interlude to a direction
One angle, this angle, θssAre as follows: θss=θsk3=360 ° of ÷ LCM (12,16) ÷ 3=2.5 ° of ÷, another side segment is relative in
Between section to other direction rotate an angle, i.e., the mechanical angle of the position of magnetic pole between section and section by 2.5 ° rotation.Which
Under magnetic potential center can be made to coincide with benchmark magnet steel section magnetic potential center, and can effectively weaken cogging torque, make motor even running,
Motor performance is good, but be stator assembly when, especially the installation of hall sensor needs volume there are unconformable problem
Adaptive change is done outside, such as the transfer of hall sensor installation site.
For this purpose, the present invention proposes that another embodiment, the benchmark magnet steel section are the magnet steel section where magnetic field induction area.Ginseng
It is benchmark magnet steel section according to Fig. 3, I, is located at hall sensor just in this section of induced magnetic field, in order to solve hall sensor installation
Position problems, and with induction resultant magnetic field position consistency.Benchmark magnet steel section is set to rotor tip, especially hall sensing magnetic field
End.And a upper embodiment, it is axially to exchange I and II.Specifically, the brushless motor stator punching of 12 slot, 16 pole,
The mechanical angle of its every slot is α=360 ° ÷ 12=30 °.Axial height h=99mm of rotor.Rotor is divided into 3 sections, then every section
The height of magnet steel is 33mm.Every section of 16 pole magnet steel N, S is alternately and circumference uniform distribution is pasted onto rotor punching inner wall, three sections of magnet steel with
The center of circle of rotor is that midpoint gathers into folds it, and II sections rotate an angle relative to the direction I Duan Xiangyi, and III sections relative to I sections
An angle, this angle, θ are rotated to other directionssAre as follows: θss=θsk3=360 ° of ÷ LCM (12,16) ÷ 3=2.5 ° of ÷, i.e. section
The mechanical angle of position of magnetic pole between section rotates 2.5 °.
In addition, every section of magnet steel section is circumferentially alternately evenly equipped with the pole N, the pole S.It is fixed that magnet steel be segmented by magnet steel dividing strip 3
Position.Wherein, spaced distance between the adjacent pole N and the pole S.
The present invention also proposes a kind of magneto comprising stator and above-mentioned rotor structure for permanent magnet motor.Fig. 4 is shown,
Fig. 3 rotor structure for permanent magnet motor is assemblied on stator.The rotor structure for permanent magnet motor is as outer-rotor structure, the electromagnetism
Motor rotor construction is assemblied in outside the stator.The present invention is not limited to outer rotors, also expansible to use in as internal rotor.
The hall sensor 5 is mounted on 4 tooth center of stator core or groove center, hall sensor can also circumference uniform distribution,
Depending on tooth socket fit relationship.Due to using above-mentioned rotor structure for permanent magnet motor, especially example shown in Fig. 3, stator Hall
End is corresponding with I sections of magnet steel of rotor, keeps existing hall sensor constant in the installation site of stator, changes under the basis of low cost
Cogging torque can be effectively reduced into design rotor structure, make motor even running.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that foregoing description and the embodiment of the present invention shown in the drawings are only used as illustrating
And it is not intended to limit the present invention.The purpose of the present invention completely effectively realizes.Function and structural principle of the invention is in reality
It applies and shows and illustrate in example, under without departing from the principle, embodiments of the present invention can have any deformation or modification.