CN109540797B - Reflection type measuring device and method for fiber bundle arrangement uniformity and fracture morphology - Google Patents
Reflection type measuring device and method for fiber bundle arrangement uniformity and fracture morphology Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
- G01N2021/0106—General arrangement of respective parts
- G01N2021/0112—Apparatus in one mechanical, optical or electronic block
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fiber bundle fracture form and orientation degree reflection type measuring device and method and application. The measuring device is a measuring system which can be directly arranged on a bundle fiber dynamometer and measures the fracture end profile and the fiber orientation degree after the bundle fiber is stretched and fractured, and comprises a high-resolution wide-angle lens, a high-coefficient CCD camera, LED light sources arranged in a dot matrix, a focusing and amplifying camera platform capable of being accurately positioned up and down, and a translation mechanism capable of accurately moving horizontally left and right; the device also comprises a fiber bundle drawing mechanism, a vibration-proof base of the fiber bundle drawing mechanism, a data acquisition and mechanism operation module, a computer and a data analysis coefficient. The device has the advantages of simple structure, high measurement precision and real-time dynamics; the measuring method is an analyzing method with multiple indexes, deformation and properties on one side and is suitable for evaluating the arrangement uniformity of fiber bundles, the consistent tensile fracture end shape and weak section characteristics in the bundle strength measurement of textile fibers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fiber bundle fracture form and orientation degree reflection type measuring device, a method and application, which are applied to various textile fibers such as wool, hemp, cotton and the like and belong to the technical field of optical measuring methods.
Background
The textile industry mainly uses various textile fibers such as cotton, wool, hemp and the like, the fiber bundle content and the fiber length distribution after fiber breakage are one of important indexes for detecting the fibers, and therefore, the fiber length distribution after fiber breakage is one of important items for detecting after tensile breakage.
Currently, the detection methods adopted in the world are mainly the following types: 1. the traditional method comprises the following steps: the method is that the broken fiber sample is placed on a black wool board, the natural length of the whole fiber is measured one by a stainless steel ruler, the length is divided into a plurality of groups according to a certain interval, then the weighted average length is calculated according to the number of the fiber in each group of length, and the length distribution after fiber breakage is obtained according to the cumulative frequency of the number of the fiber in each group of length. The defects are that the artificial error is large, the measuring speed is slow, and the influence of the considered factors is large. 2. Photoelectric detection: at present, the combined tester for the length and intensity of the CSIRO flock, i.e. the ATLAS instrument, mainly developed by the federal scientific industry organization in australia, is mainly characterized in that the fibers placed on a conveyor belt pass through an optical detection system on a running length conveyor belt, and the optical detection system consists of a group of vertically arranged light sources (light emitting diodes) and a corresponding group of photoelectric sensors (photoelectric tubes). The length of each bundle of tufts is obtained by detection of an optical detection system. The transport tufts are then individually gripped by a pair of pneumatic grippers and stretched until the tufts break. The broken tufts are automatically released by the holder and are respectively sent to the sample trays of the two electronic balances through the air injection pipe to be respectively and automatically called and recorded. The computer analyzes the average breaking ratio length, the average breaking ratio strength and the like of the tested tufts. The broken position of the tufts is obtained by respectively weighing the two broken parts of the tufts, then calculating after correcting to net tuft weight, determining the broken position to be the tip, the middle or the root of the tufts according to the weight ratio of the two broken tufts, and finally combining the data results of all tufts obtained by testing through a computer to obtain the percentage of the broken position. The disadvantages are as follows: the general location of the fiber break, such as the tip, middle or tail, can only be roughly determined and cannot be precise.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for measuring the arrangement uniformity and the fracture form of a fiber bundle, a measuring method adopting the device and application.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution provided by the present invention is based on the following principle: and irradiating laser to the carded fiber layer by using a laser emitting device, and collecting and analyzing the transmitted light by using a collecting device on the carded fiber layer to output a result.
Based on the above principle, a specific technical solution of the present invention is to provide a reflection-type measuring apparatus for fiber bundle arrangement uniformity and fracture morphology, which is characterized by comprising:
a wide-angle lens with high magnification and resolution and large visual field;
the CCD camera can ensure that the image is formed under the high magnification of a clear image, and the CCD camera shoots the image of the fiber bundle by using a wide-angle lens;
the LED light source mechanism comprises LED light sources which are arranged on two sides of the CCD camera and can swing up and down, and a light reflecting part which is positioned below the LED light sources and used for reflecting light rays emitted by the LED light sources, the LED light sources and the light reflecting part are respectively positioned below and above the fiber bundles, and the LED light sources are positioned on the same side of the CCD camera;
the translation mechanism drives the camera platform and the CCD camera on the camera platform to accurately move left, right, front and back, so that the CCD camera can observe each section of the fiber bundle in the axial direction;
the camera platform drives the CCD camera to move and position up and down accurately, so that the focusing and amplifying functions of the CCD camera are realized;
the fiber bundle drawing mechanism is used for clamping and drawing the fiber bundle;
the shockproof base is used for ensuring that no obvious vibration exists in the fiber bundle in the stretching process;
the data acquisition and mechanism operation module is used for controlling the CCD camera, the LED light source, the translation mechanism, the camera platform and the fiber bundle stretching mechanism and acquiring corresponding data;
and the computer and the data analysis system are used for sending a control instruction to the data acquisition and mechanism operation module and receiving the data acquired by the data acquisition and mechanism operation module.
Preferably, the LED light source surrounds the wide-angle lens, and is arranged in a rectangular lattice manner, a round hole is arranged in the middle of the rectangular lattice manner, and two sides of the LED light source can swing up and down to realize shadowless illumination.
Preferably, the fiber bundle drawing mechanism comprises a fixed chuck and a movable chuck which are clamped at two ends of the fiber bundle, and the fiber bundle is drawn by moving the movable chuck.
Preferably, the CCD camera is moved by the translation mechanism in one of two modes: mode one) performing a synchronous translation about the center of symmetry of the fiber bundle; mode two) scanning translation from the inner side of the fixed chuck to the inner side of the movable chuck;
the CCD camera realizes the overall monitoring of the breaking process of the fiber bundle, the change of the final breaking form of the fiber bundle and the breaking form of the final fiber bundle through the movement of a mode one), and the translation speed of the CCD camera is 1/2 of the movement speed of the movable chuck;
the CCD camera realizes the amplified microscopic measurement of the fracture form of the fiber bundle fractured into two bundles by moving in a mode II), the CCD camera performs stable scanning observation, the x axis of the profile measurement or positioning area of the fracture end of the fiber bundle is parallel to the length direction of the fiber bundle, the y axis of the fracture end of the fiber bundle is parallel to the width direction of the fiber bundle (13), and the fiber orientation of two side areas is observed.
Preferably, the CCD camera is moved in the first mode) or in the second mode) under a smooth and highly accurate condition.
Preferably, the accurate up-and-down moving and positioning of the CCD camera means that the CCD camera focuses on the accurate moving and positioning along the z-axis, so as to realize fine focusing adjustment.
Preferably, the translation mechanism drives the camera platform and the CCD camera thereon to accurately move left and right by using an x-axis moving motor; the translation mechanism 4 drives the camera platform and the CCD camera on the camera platform to accurately move forwards and backwards by using a y-axis moving motor; the camera platform drives the CCD camera to accurately move up and down by using a z-axis moving motor;
and the x-axis moving motor, the y-axis moving motor and the z-axis moving motor are connected with a driving motor of the fiber bundle drawing mechanism, so that triaxial translation, focusing movement and drawing movement of the CCD camera are realized.
Preferably, the wide-angle lens has a micro-adjustment function.
The invention also provides application of the reflection type measuring device for the fiber bundle arrangement uniformity and the fracture morphology, which is characterized in that the measuring device is used for analyzing the fiber bundle with multiple indexes, multiple deformation and multiple property passwords on one side, and is suitable for evaluating the fiber bundle arrangement uniformity, the tensile fracture end morphology consistency and the weak node characteristics in the bundle strength measurement of textile fibers.
The invention also provides a reflection type measuring method for the arrangement uniformity and the fracture morphology of the fiber bundle, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
clamping the fiber bundles arranged in parallel on a bundle fiber drawing mechanism, drawing the fiber bundles by the bundle fiber drawing mechanism until the fiber bundles are broken, and recording the number of broken fibers, orientation degree images of the fiber bundles and broken profiles of the broken fiber bundles, so that the average length and flatness of the broken profiles of the fiber bundles and the tensile orientation degree of the fibers are obtained through calculation and are used for representing the relationship among the strong and weak section cause and the strong and weak elongation of the bundle fibers, the profile height, the flatness and the orientation degree.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and positive effects: (a) the intelligent operation is realized, the process is simple and convenient, and the measurement accuracy is improved; (b) accurately measuring the arrangement uniformity of the fiber bundles and the morphological characteristics of the broken ends; (c) the mode of matching a plurality of mechanisms is adopted, so that a one-test multi-result mode is realized, and the method has unique innovation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reflection-type measuring device for fiber bundle arrangement uniformity and fracture morphology thereof;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the fiber bundle after being broken and the measuring device;
FIG. 3 is a control circuit diagram of a fiber bundle arrangement uniformity and fracture resilience profile measuring device
FIG. 4 is a graph of alignment uniformity and fracture morphology during fiber bundle drawing; in the figure: 1-wide-angle lens; 2-a CCD camera; 3-1-LED light source; 3-2-reflecting part; 4-a translation mechanism; 5-a camera platform; 6-a stretching mechanism; 7-shockproof base; 8, a data acquisition and mechanism operation module; 9-a computer data analysis system; 10-fixing the chuck; 11-a movable chuck; 12-a force sensor; 13-fiber bundle.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
The following examples all employ a reflection type measuring apparatus for the alignment uniformity and fracture morphology of fiber bundles, including:
a wide-angle lens 1 with a large field of view and high magnification and resolution; the wide-angle lens 1 has a micro-adjustment function;
the CCD camera 2 can ensure that the image is formed under the high magnification of a clear image, and the CCD camera 2 shoots the image of the fiber bundle 13 by using the wide-angle lens 1;
the LED light source mechanism can realize uniform illumination of reflected light imaging, and comprises LED light sources 3-1 which are arranged on two sides of a CCD camera 2 and can swing up and down and a reflecting part 3-2 which is positioned below the LED light sources 3-1 and used for reflecting light rays emitted by the LED light sources 3-1, wherein the LED light sources 3-1 and the reflecting part 3-2 are respectively positioned below and above a fiber bundle 13, and the LED light sources 3-1 are positioned on the same side of the CCD camera 2; the LED light source 3-1 surrounds the wide-angle lens 1 and is arranged in a rectangular lattice manner, a round hole is arranged in the middle of the rectangular lattice arrangement, and two sides of the LED light source 3-1 can swing up and down to realize shadowless illumination;
the translation mechanism 4 drives the camera platform 5 and the CCD camera 2 on the camera platform to accurately move left, right, front and back, so that the CCD camera 2 observes each section of the fiber bundle 13 in the axial direction; the translation mechanism 4 drives the camera platform 5 and the CCD camera 2 on the camera platform to accurately move left and right by using an x-axis moving motor; the translation mechanism 4 utilizes a y-axis moving motor to drive the camera platform 5 and the CCD camera 2 on the camera platform to accurately move forwards and backwards
The camera platform 5 drives the CCD camera 2 to move up and down accurately for positioning, so that the focusing and amplifying functions of the CCD camera 2 are realized; the CCD camera 2 is precisely moved and positioned up and down, namely the CCD camera 2 is precisely moved and positioned along the z-axis for focusing so as to realize focusing fine adjustment; the camera platform 5 drives the CCD camera 2 to accurately move up and down by using a z-axis moving motor;
the x-axis moving motor, the y-axis moving motor and the z-axis moving motor are connected with a driving motor of the fiber bundle drawing mechanism 6, so that triaxial translation, focusing movement and drawing movement of the CCD camera 2 are realized;
a bundle fiber stretching mechanism 6 for holding and stretching the fiber bundle 13; the fiber bundle drawing mechanism 6 comprises a fixed chuck 10 and a movable chuck 11 which are clamped at two ends of the fiber bundle 13, and the fiber bundle 13 is drawn by moving the movable chuck 11;
the shockproof base 7 is used for ensuring that the fiber bundle 13 does not obviously vibrate in the stretching process;
the data acquisition and mechanism operation module 8 is used for controlling the CCD camera 2, the LED light source 3, the translation mechanism 4, the camera platform 5 and the fiber bundle stretching mechanism 6 and acquiring corresponding data;
and the computer and data analysis system 9 is used for sending a control instruction to the data acquisition and mechanism operation module 8 and receiving the data acquired by the data acquisition and mechanism operation module 8.
The reflection type measurement method for the fiber bundle arrangement uniformity and the fracture morphology based on the device comprises the following steps:
clamping the fiber bundles 13 arranged in parallel on a bundle fiber drawing mechanism 6, drawing the fiber bundles 13 by the bundle fiber drawing mechanism 6 until the fiber bundles 13 are broken, recording the number of broken fibers, an orientation degree image of the fiber bundles 13 and a broken profile after the fiber bundles 13 are broken, and calculating the average length and the flatness of the broken profile of the fiber bundles 13 and the drawing orientation degree of the fibers to be used for representing the relationship between the strong and weak node cause and the strong and weak elongation of the bundle fibers and the profile height, the flatness and the orientation degree.
The raw materials and equipment in examples 1 to 3 were funded by the national focus development program (2016YFC 0802802).
Example 1
The sample is tested by adopting a cotton fiber bundle, the stretching speed is 10mm/min, the rotating speed of a stepping motor is 10r/min, and the distance is 10 mm. The experimental conditions are as follows: the temperature was 20 ℃ and the relative humidity was 65%.
Example 2
The sample is tested by using 66 combed wool (2114um), the stretching speed is 10mm/min, the rotating speed of a stepping motor is 10r/min, and the distance is 10 mm. The experimental conditions are as follows: the temperature was 20 ℃ and the relative humidity was 65%.
Example 3
The sample is tested by Kevlar filament, the stretching speed is 10mm/min, the rotating speed of a stepping motor is 10r/min, and the distance is 10 mm. The experimental conditions are as follows: the temperature was 20 ℃ and the relative humidity was 65%.
The test results are shown in fig. 4.
Claims (7)
1. A reflection type measuring device for the arrangement uniformity and the fracture morphology of a fiber bundle is characterized by comprising:
a wide-angle lens (1) with high magnification and resolution and large visual field;
the CCD camera (2) can ensure that the image is formed under the high magnification of a clear image, and the CCD camera (2) utilizes the wide-angle lens (1) to shoot the image of the fiber bundle (13);
the LED light source mechanism can realize uniform illumination of reflected light imaging, and comprises LED light sources (3-1) which are arranged on two sides of a CCD camera (2) and can swing up and down and reflecting parts (3-2) which are positioned below the LED light sources (3-1) and used for reflecting light rays emitted by the LED light sources (3-1), wherein the LED light sources (3-1) and the reflecting parts (3-2) are respectively positioned below and above a fiber bundle (13), and the LED light sources (3-1) are positioned on the same side of the CCD camera (2);
the translation mechanism (4) drives the camera platform (5) and the CCD camera (2) on the camera platform to accurately move left, right, front and back, so that the CCD camera (2) can observe each section of the fiber bundle (13) in the axial direction;
the camera platform (5) drives the CCD camera (2) to move and position up and down accurately, so that the focusing and amplifying functions of the CCD camera (2) are realized;
the fiber bundle drawing mechanism (6) is used for clamping and drawing a fiber bundle (13) and comprises a fixed chuck (10) and a movable chuck (11) which are clamped at two ends of the fiber bundle (13), and the fiber bundle (13) is drawn by moving the movable chuck (11);
the shockproof base (7) is used for ensuring that the fiber bundle (13) does not obviously vibrate in the stretching process;
the data acquisition and mechanism operation module (8) is used for controlling the CCD camera (2), the LED light source (3), the translation mechanism (4), the camera table (5) and the bundle fiber stretching mechanism (6) and acquiring corresponding data;
the computer and data analysis system (9) is used for sending a control instruction to the data acquisition and mechanism operation module (8) and receiving data acquired by the data acquisition and mechanism operation module (8);
the CCD camera (2) is driven by the translation mechanism (4) to move in one of two modes: mode one) a synchronous translation about the centre of symmetry of the fiber bundle (13) is carried out; mode two) scanning translation from the inner side of the fixed chuck (10) to the inner side of the movable chuck (11);
the CCD camera (2) realizes the overall monitoring of the breaking process of the fiber bundle (13), the change of the final breaking form of the fiber bundle and the breaking form of the final fiber bundle through the movement of a mode one), and the translation speed of the CCD camera (2) is 1/2 of the movement speed of the movable chuck (11);
the CCD camera (2) realizes the amplified microscopic measurement of the fracture form of the fiber bundle (13) which is fractured into two bundles through the movement of the mode II), the CCD camera (2) performs stable scanning observation, the x axis of the profile measurement or positioning area of the fracture end of the fiber bundle (13) is parallel to the length direction of the fiber bundle (13), the y axis of the fracture end of the fiber bundle is parallel to the width direction of the fiber bundle (13), and the fiber orientation of two side areas is observed.
2. The reflection type measurement device for the fiber bundle arrangement uniformity and the fracture morphology according to claim 1, wherein the LED light source (3-1) surrounds the wide-angle lens (1) and is arranged in a rectangular lattice, a round hole is arranged in the middle of the rectangular lattice, and both sides of the LED light source (3-1) can swing up and down to realize shadowless illumination.
3. The reflection-type measuring device for the fiber bundle arrangement uniformity and the fracture morphology according to claim 1, wherein the accurate up-and-down movement positioning of the CCD camera (2) means that the CCD camera (2) is accurately moved and positioned along the z-axis focusing to realize fine focusing adjustment.
4. The reflection type measuring device for the fiber bundle arrangement uniformity and the fracture morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that the translation mechanism (4) utilizes an x-axis moving motor to drive the camera platform (5) and the CCD camera (2) thereon to move accurately left and right; the translation mechanism 4 drives the camera platform (5) and the CCD camera (2) on the camera platform to accurately move forwards and backwards by using a y-axis moving motor; the camera platform (5) drives the CCD camera (2) to move up and down accurately by using a z-axis moving motor;
the x-axis moving motor, the y-axis moving motor and the z-axis moving motor are connected with a driving motor of the fiber bundle drawing mechanism (6), so that triaxial translation, focusing movement and drawing movement of the CCD camera (2) are realized.
5. The reflection type measurement device for the fiber bundle arrangement uniformity and the fracture morphology according to claim 1, characterized in that the wide-angle lens (1) has a micro-adjustment function.
6. The use of the reflective measuring device for the uniformity of alignment and fracture morphology of fiber bundles according to claim 1, wherein the measuring device according to claim 1 is used for the analysis of the fiber bundles with multiple indexes, deformation and properties on one side, and is suitable for the evaluation of the uniformity of alignment, the uniformity of tensile fracture end morphology and the weak node characteristics in the bundle strength measurement of textile fibers.
7. A reflection type measuring method for the alignment uniformity and fracture morphology of a fiber bundle, which is characterized by using the device of claim 1, and comprises the following steps:
clamping the fiber bundles (13) arranged in parallel on a bundle fiber drawing mechanism (6), drawing the fiber bundles (13) by the bundle fiber drawing mechanism (6) until the fiber bundles (13) are broken, recording the number of broken fibers, an orientation degree image of the fiber bundles (13), and a broken outline after the fiber bundles (13) are broken, thereby calculating the average length and the flatness of the broken outline of the fiber bundles (13) and the drawing orientation degree of the fibers, and being used for representing the relationship between the strong and weak elongation cause and the strong and weak elongation of the bundle fibers and the height, the flatness and the orientation degree of the outline.
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