CN109540491B - Program spectrum loading device for fatigue test of excavator turntable - Google Patents

Program spectrum loading device for fatigue test of excavator turntable Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109540491B
CN109540491B CN201811555121.7A CN201811555121A CN109540491B CN 109540491 B CN109540491 B CN 109540491B CN 201811555121 A CN201811555121 A CN 201811555121A CN 109540491 B CN109540491 B CN 109540491B
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base
turntable
fatigue test
portal frame
frame assembly
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CN109540491A (en
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吕彭民
向清怡
黄炳雷
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Changan University
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Changan University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00Testing of machine parts

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a program spectrum loading device for a fatigue test of an excavator turntable, which comprises a test bed, a turntable fatigue test piece, a portal frame assembly, an actuator assembly and an experiment base, wherein the test bed is arranged on the turntable; the test bed comprises a first base and a second base, the first base is arranged on the test base, and one end of the second base is hinged with the first base; the turntable fatigue test piece is arranged on the second base station; the portal frame component is arranged on the experiment base; one end of the actuator assembly is arranged on the portal frame assembly, and the other end of the actuator assembly is arranged on the turntable fatigue test piece. According to the invention, the fatigue test is carried out under the local coordinate system, and the influence of the change of the posture of the excavator on the test result of the fatigue test piece of the turntable is considered, so that the fatigue test piece of the turntable is more approximate to an actual stress state; through mobilizable experiment base and variable angle's fatigue test platform, make the fatigue test of different models revolving stage can use same device to load, improved test device's commonality, device simple structure and easy to maintain.

Description

Program spectrum loading device for fatigue test of excavator turntable
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of mechanical equipment, relates to a mechanical fatigue test, and particularly relates to a program spectrum loading device for a fatigue test of an excavator turntable.
Background
The turntable is used as an important component of the excavator, is mainly used for connecting various parts of the excavator and bearing alternating loads from a working device, and the service life and reliability of the excavator are directly influenced by the structural quality of the turntable. Fatigue cracks of the excavator turntable are main causes of structural damage of the excavator turntable, and fatigue life test of the turntable is an important means for guaranteeing structural safety and service life of the turntable.
When the fatigue test is carried out, the turntable is required to be fixed in a certain posture, the test posture of the component with the unchanged working posture is easy to determine for the fixed bearing load direction, but the posture of the excavator is changed at the moment in actual working, and the test posture is not easy to determine. The structure, fatigue test program spectrum, fatigue test spectrum loading angle and the like of the rotary table are different in different types.
In view of the above, a reasonable loading device suitable for different types of rotary tables and different types of fatigue test program spectrums is urgently needed, and a foundation is provided for fatigue test and reliability life prediction research of special-purpose components of the excavator.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the program spectrum loading device for the fatigue test of the turntable of the excavator, so as to solve the problem that the fatigue test of the turntable of the excavator is difficult to accurately simulate aiming at the loading device for the fatigue test of the turntable of the excavator in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the application is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides an excavator revolving stage fatigue test program spectrum loading device, includes test bench, portal frame subassembly, actuator subassembly and experiment base;
the test bed is used for setting an inclined working plane of dynamic load loaded on the turntable fatigue test piece by the actuator assembly in the turntable fatigue test on the test base, and the inclined angle of the inclined working plane is adjusted by a mechanical locking jack in the included angle between the first base and the second base of the test bed;
the portal frame assembly is used for setting a working space of dynamic load loaded on the turntable fatigue test piece by the actuator assembly in the turntable fatigue test on the experiment base, wherein the working space is a space surrounded by the experiment base, a portal frame upright post of the portal frame assembly and a cross beam of the portal frame assembly;
the vertical mounting position of the actuator assembly is adjusted through the mounting position of the beam of the gantry assembly on the gantry column of the gantry assembly, and an action cylinder in the actuator assembly is used for applying dynamic load given in a turntable load spectrum fatigue test to a turntable fatigue test piece to carry out a fatigue test.
In a more specific implementation manner of the technical scheme, the loading device for the fatigue test program spectrum of the excavator turntable comprises a test bed, a portal frame assembly, an actuator assembly and an experiment base, wherein the test bed comprises a first base and a second base, the first base is arranged on the experiment base, and one end of the second base is hinged with the first base;
the portal frame assembly is arranged on the experiment base, and the vertical position of a cross beam of the portal frame assembly is adjustable;
the horizontal position of the top end of the actuator assembly is adjustably arranged on the longitudinal beam of the portal frame assembly;
the longitudinal beam horizontal position of the portal frame assembly is adjustably arranged on the cross beam of the portal frame assembly.
The invention also has the following technical characteristics:
specifically, the second base station on install the tired test piece of revolving stage, the tired test piece of revolving stage pass through first bolt group detachable install in the second base station.
Specifically, the first base station is detachably arranged on the experiment base and hinged with the second base station through a first pin shaft.
Specifically, still install mechanical locking jack between first base station and the second base station, the piston rod of mechanical locking jack with the second base station hinge in the boss, the piston seat of mechanical locking jack pass through the bolt detachable install in first base station.
Specifically, the portal frame assembly comprises two groups of portal frames, wherein the portal frames are composed of portal frame upright posts detachably arranged on an experiment base and cross beams arranged on the portal frame upright posts;
the portal frame assembly also comprises a longitudinal beam arranged on the cross beam.
Specifically, the cross beam is mounted on the portal frame upright post through a second bolt group in a height-adjustable manner;
the longitudinal beam is mounted on the cross beam in an adjustable horizontal position through a third bolt group.
Specifically, the actuator assembly is provided with two groups, and each group of actuator assembly comprises an oil cylinder base, an action oil cylinder and a shaft sleeve which are sequentially installed;
the oil cylinder base is arranged on the longitudinal beam in an adjustable mode through a fourth bolt group in the horizontal position;
the shaft sleeve is hinged with the turntable fatigue test piece through a second pin shaft.
Specifically, a spherical hinge is also arranged between the oil cylinder base and the action oil cylinder, and two ends of the spherical hinge are respectively fixedly connected with the oil cylinder base and the action oil cylinder.
Specifically, the action oil cylinder is a hydraulic servo oil cylinder.
Specifically, a turntable baffle is arranged on one side, close to the first pin shaft, of the second base station.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
when the excavator actually works, the posture is changed at any time, and the angles of the swing arm oil cylinder and the swing arm on the turntable of the excavator with different structures and sizes are different from each other. However, when the fatigue test is carried out on the turntable of the excavator, the load given by the fatigue test load spectrum of the fatigue test piece of the turntable can be loaded only under the determined gesture, and the error is unavoidable; the invention can lead the turntable fatigue test piece to carry out the load spectrum fatigue test under the average value of the angles corresponding to the maximum load in a plurality of actual working cycles given by the fatigue test spectrum, thereby further avoiding errors caused by gesture determination, ensuring that the result of the turntable fatigue test tends to be conservative and effective and ensuring the service life limit of the turntable fatigue test piece;
according to the excavator turntable fatigue test program spectrum loading device, through the movable and variable-angle test base and the variable-angle fatigue test stand, fatigue tests of different types of turntables can be loaded by using the same device, the fatigue test spectrum is easy to apply for test loading, and the universality of the test device is improved;
and (III) the components of the loading device for the fatigue test program spectrum of the excavator turntable are all detachably mounted, so that the quick-wear components can be conveniently replaced, and the device is simple in structure and easy to maintain.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the axial structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a right side schematic view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of the structure of FIG. 1;
the meaning of each reference numeral in the figures is: the device comprises a 1-test bed, a 2-turntable fatigue test piece, a 3-portal frame assembly, a 4-actuator assembly and a 5-experiment base;
11-first base station, 12-second base station, 13-first pin shaft, 14-first bolt group, 15-mechanical locking jack, 16-boss and 17-turntable baffle;
31-portal frame upright posts, 32-cross beams, 33-longitudinal beams, 34-second bolt groups and 35-third bolt groups;
41-an oil cylinder base, 42-an action oil cylinder, 43-a shaft sleeve, 44-a fourth bolt group, 45-a second pin shaft and 46-a spherical hinge.
The following examples illustrate the invention in further detail.
Detailed Description
The method for acquiring the fatigue test program spectrum of the excavator turntable loaded by the fatigue test program spectrum loading device of the excavator turntable is carried out according to the arrangement method in the invention of the application number 201811007714.X, namely the method for acquiring the equivalent efficacy time history of the excavator turntable and the fatigue test spectrum arrangement method.
The method for acquiring the fatigue test program spectrum of the excavator turntable loaded by the fatigue test program spectrum loading device of the excavator turntable can also be used for acquiring the fatigue test program spectrum of the excavator turntable according to the conventional method in the prior art.
The following specific embodiments of the present invention are given according to the above technical solutions, and it should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent changes made on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a fatigue test program spectrum loading device of an excavator turntable, which is shown in fig. 1 to 4 and comprises a test bed 1, a portal frame assembly 3, an actuator assembly 4 and an experiment base 5;
the test bed 1 comprises a first base 11 and a second base 12, wherein the first base 11 is arranged on the test base 5, and one end of the second base 12 is hinged with the first base 11;
the portal frame assembly 3 is arranged on the experiment base 5, and the vertical position of the cross beam 32 of the portal frame assembly 3 is adjustable;
one end of the actuator assembly 4 is horizontally and adjustably arranged on a longitudinal beam 33 of the portal frame assembly 3;
the longitudinal beams 33 of the gantry assembly 3 are mounted horizontally adjustably on the cross beams 32 of the gantry assembly 3.
The test stand 1 of the embodiment is provided with a first base 11 and a second base 12 separately, and provides a loading angle for the whole fatigue test spectrum loading device, wherein the loading angle is a given loading angle in the fatigue test spectrum to be loaded, and the fatigue test spectrum to be loaded is sorted by the following sorting method or other methods in the prior art.
The experimental base 5 of the present embodiment provides a mounting base for the entire apparatus, and mounts and fixes the gantry assembly 3 and the actuator assembly 4 by bolts.
As a specific scheme of the present embodiment, the second base 12 of the present embodiment is further provided with a turntable fatigue test piece 2, and the turntable fatigue test piece 2 is detachably mounted on the second base 12 through the first bolt group 14.
The turntable fatigue test piece 2 of the embodiment is directly taken from various excavators needing to carry out the turntable fatigue test and is used as a tested piece of a loaded fatigue test spectrum in the whole device, so that the accuracy of the turntable fatigue test of the excavators is ensured.
As a specific scheme of the present embodiment, the first base 11 of the present embodiment is detachably mounted on the experiment base 5 and hinged to the second base 12 through the first pin 13.
As a specific scheme of the embodiment, a mechanical locking jack 15 is further installed between the first base 11 and the second base 12, a piston rod of the mechanical locking jack 15 is hinged to the second base 12 on the boss 16, and a piston seat of the mechanical locking jack 15 is detachably installed on the first base 11 through bolts.
As a specific scheme of the present embodiment, the gantry assembly 3 of the present embodiment includes two sets of gantry frames, which are composed of a gantry column 31 detachably mounted on the experiment base 5 and a beam 32 mounted on the gantry column 31;
the gantry assembly 3 further includes a longitudinal beam 33 mounted to the cross beam 32.
As a specific scheme of the present embodiment, the cross beam 32 of the present embodiment is mounted on the gantry column 31 with the height adjustable through the second bolt set 34;
the longitudinal beam 33 is mounted on the cross beam 32 with the horizontal position thereof being adjustable by means of a third bolt set 35.
The portal frame assembly 3 of this embodiment adopts height-adjustable crossbeam 32 and horizontal position adjustable longeron 33 to carry out rigid coupling installation and stable protection to the actor subassembly 4, guarantees that the loading safety and the accuracy of the fatigue test spectrum of the revolving stage fatigue test piece 2 of actuator subassembly 4 to different models and sizes, guarantees simultaneously that the atress of even revolving stage fatigue test piece 2 when loading the fatigue test spectrum is even.
As a specific scheme of the present embodiment, two sets of actuator assemblies 4 are provided, and each set of actuator assemblies 4 includes an oil cylinder base 41, an action oil cylinder 42 and a shaft sleeve 43 which are installed in sequence;
the cylinder base 41 is mounted on the longitudinal beam 33 in an adjustable horizontal position through a fourth bolt group 44;
the shaft sleeve 43 is hinged with the turntable fatigue test piece 2 through a second pin shaft 45.
As a specific scheme of the embodiment, a spherical hinge 46 is further installed between the cylinder base 41 and the actuating cylinder 42 in the embodiment, and two ends of the spherical hinge 46 are fixedly connected with the cylinder base 41 and the actuating cylinder 42 respectively.
As a specific solution of the present embodiment, the actuating cylinder 42 of the present embodiment is a hydraulic servo cylinder.
As a specific scheme of the present embodiment, a turntable baffle 17 is mounted on a side of the second base 12 of the present embodiment, which is close to the first pin shaft 13.
The action oil cylinders 42 of the actuator assembly 4 of the embodiment adopt hydraulic servo oil cylinders to load the fatigue test spectrum of the turntable fatigue test piece 2, and ensure the stability of all the assemblies when two groups of action oil cylinders 42 apply the turntable fatigue test program spectrums with opposite phases simultaneously, so as to accurately simulate the stress condition of the turntable in the working process of the excavator, and enable the horizontal position of the action oil cylinders 42 on the longitudinal beam 33 of the portal frame assembly 3 to be adjustable, thereby further ensuring the stability and the stress uniformity of the turntable fatigue test piece 2 when the fatigue test program spectrums are loaded.
The application of the excavator turntable fatigue test program spectrum loading device is carried out by the following steps:
step one: the average direction of the couple at the moment of large load action can be obtained by utilizing the couple action which is approximately born by a pair of continuous changes in size and direction at the joint of the turntable and the root of the movable arm and the joint of the turntable and the oil cylinder of the movable arm and by carrying out statistical analysis on the action direction of the couple, the direction is taken as the loading direction, and the load-time history is arranged into a load spectrum to be loaded as the fatigue test program spectrum of the invention. The fatigue test program spectrum used in the fatigue test of the present invention may also be prepared by other techniques known to those skilled in the art.
Step two: aiming at turntable fatigue test pieces 2 with different models, adjusting the positions of a test bed 1, the turntable fatigue test pieces 2, a portal frame assembly 3 and an actuator assembly 4 on an experiment base 5 by using a second bolt group 34, a third bolt group 35, a fourth bolt group 44 and other installation bolts, so that the turntable fatigue test pieces 2 on the test bed 1 are positioned between the two groups of portal frames, adjusting a mechanical locking jack 15, keeping the included angle between a first base 11 and a second base 12 at a loading angle given by a corresponding turntable fatigue experiment program spectrum, fastening a first bolt group 14, and fixing the turntable fatigue test pieces 2 on the second base 12;
step three: the fatigue test program spectrum is loaded on two hinge points (hinge points of the turntable and the movable arm and hinge points of the turntable and the movable arm oil cylinder respectively) of the turntable fatigue test piece 2 by using the two action oil cylinders 42. By using the existing servo controller, the two action oil cylinders 42 are controlled to load fatigue test spectrums, and the two action oil cylinders 42 must simultaneously apply turntable fatigue test program spectrums with opposite phases;
step four: after the loading of the fatigue test spectrum and the whole experimental process are completed, the pressures of the mechanical locking jack 15 and the two action cylinders 42 are removed, the first bolt group 14 and the first pin shaft 13 are loosened, the turntable fatigue test piece 2 is detached, the special-purpose fatigue test piece 2 is detected according to the subsequent experimental requirements, and the detection results are collected to confirm whether the experimental results meet the requirements of the experimental standard or the product standard.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a fatigue test program spectrum loading device of an excavator turntable, which comprises a test bed 1, a portal frame assembly 3, an actuator assembly 4 and an experiment base 5;
the test bed 1 is used for setting an inclined working plane of dynamic load loaded on the turntable fatigue test piece 2 by the actuator assembly 4 in the turntable fatigue test on the test base 5, and the inclination angle of the inclined working plane is adjusted by a mechanical locking jack 15 in the included angle between the first base 11 and the second base 12 of the test bed 1;
the portal frame assembly 3 is used for setting a working space of dynamic load loaded on the turntable fatigue test piece 2 by the actuator assembly 4 in the turntable fatigue test on the experiment base 5, wherein the working space is a space surrounded by the experiment base 5, the portal frame upright 31 of the portal frame assembly 3 and the cross beam 32 of the portal frame assembly 3;
the actuator assembly 4 is mounted on the bottom surface of the longitudinal beam 33 of the portal frame assembly 3 in the working space, the horizontal mounting position of the actuator assembly 4 is adjusted through the mounting position of the longitudinal beam 33 of the portal frame assembly 3 on the cross beam 32 and the mounting position of the actuator assembly 4 on the longitudinal beam 33 of the portal frame assembly 3, the vertical mounting position of the actuator assembly 4 is adjusted through the mounting position of the cross beam 32 of the portal frame assembly 3 on the portal frame column 31 of the portal frame assembly 3, and the action oil cylinder 42 in the actuator assembly 4 is used for applying dynamic load given in a turntable load spectrum fatigue test to the turntable fatigue test piece 2 to carry out the fatigue test.
The specific structure of the excavator turret fatigue test program spectrum loading device of the present embodiment is the same as that of the excavator turret fatigue test program spectrum loading device of embodiment 1.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides an excavator revolving stage fatigue test program spectrum loading device which is characterized in that, including test bench (1), portal frame subassembly (3), actuator subassembly (4) and experiment base (5);
the test bench (1) is used for setting an inclined working plane of dynamic load loaded on the turntable fatigue test piece (2) by the actuator component (4) in the turntable fatigue test on the test base (5), and the inclined angle of the inclined working plane is adjusted by a mechanical locking jack (15) in an included angle between a first base (11) and a second base (12) of the test bench (1);
the portal frame assembly (3) is used for setting a working space of dynamic load loaded on the turntable fatigue test piece (2) by the actuator assembly (4) in the turntable fatigue test on the experiment base (5), wherein the working space is a space surrounded by the experiment base (5), a portal frame upright post (31) of the portal frame assembly (3) and a cross beam (32) of the portal frame assembly (3);
the actuator assembly (4) is arranged on the bottom surface of a longitudinal beam (33) of the portal frame assembly (3) in the working space, the horizontal installation position of the actuator assembly (4) is adjusted through the installation position of the longitudinal beam (33) of the portal frame assembly (3) on a cross beam (32) and the installation position of the actuator assembly (4) on the longitudinal beam (33) of the portal frame assembly (3), the vertical installation position of the actuator assembly (4) is adjusted through the installation position of the cross beam (32) of the portal frame assembly (3) on a portal frame column (31) of the portal frame assembly (3), and an action oil cylinder (42) in the actuator assembly (4) is used for applying dynamic load given in a turntable load spectrum fatigue test to the turntable fatigue test piece (2) to carry out the fatigue test;
the test bed (1) comprises a first base (11) and a second base (12), wherein the first base (11) is arranged on the test base (5), and one end of the second base (12) is hinged with the first base (11);
the portal frame assembly (3) is arranged on the experiment base (5), and the vertical position of a cross beam (32) of the portal frame assembly (3) is adjustable;
the top end horizontal position of the actuator assembly (4) is adjustably arranged on a longitudinal beam (33) of the portal frame assembly (3);
the longitudinal beam (33) of the portal frame assembly (3) is arranged on the cross beam (32) of the portal frame assembly (3) in an adjustable horizontal position;
the second base (12) is also provided with a turntable fatigue test piece (2), and the turntable fatigue test piece (2) is detachably arranged on the second base (12) through a first bolt group (14);
the first base (11) is detachably arranged on the experiment base (5) and hinged with the second base (12) through a first pin shaft (13);
the portal frame assembly (3) comprises two groups of portal frames, wherein the portal frames are composed of portal frame upright posts (31) which are detachably arranged on the experiment base (5) and cross beams (32) which are arranged on the portal frame upright posts (31);
the portal frame assembly (3) further comprises a longitudinal beam (33) arranged on the cross beam (32);
the actuator assembly (4) is provided with two groups, and each group of actuator assembly (4) comprises an oil cylinder base (41), an action oil cylinder (42) and a shaft sleeve (43) which are sequentially installed;
the oil cylinder base (41) is adjustably arranged on the longitudinal beam (33) through a fourth bolt group (44) in a horizontal position;
the shaft sleeve (43) is hinged with the turntable fatigue test piece (2) through a second pin shaft (45).
2. The excavator turntable fatigue test program spectrum loading device according to claim 1, wherein a mechanical locking jack (15) is further installed between the first base (11) and the second base (12), a piston rod of the mechanical locking jack (15) and the second base (12) are hinged to a boss (16), and the mechanical locking jack (15) is detachably installed on the first base (11) through bolts.
3. The excavator turntable fatigue test program spectrum loading device according to claim 1, wherein the cross beam (32) is mounted on the portal frame upright (31) in a height-adjustable manner through a second bolt group (34);
the longitudinal beam (33) is arranged on the cross beam (32) in an adjustable horizontal position through a third bolt group (35).
4. The loading device for the fatigue test program spectrum of the excavator turntable according to claim 1, wherein a spherical hinge (46) is further arranged between the oil cylinder base (41) and the action oil cylinder (42), and two ends of the spherical hinge (46) are fixedly connected with the oil cylinder base (41) and the action oil cylinder (42) respectively.
5. The excavator turntable fatigue test program spectrum loading device according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the action cylinder (42) is a hydraulic servo cylinder.
6. The excavator turntable fatigue test program spectrum loading device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein a turntable baffle (17) is mounted on one side of the second base (12) close to the first pin shaft (13).
CN201811555121.7A 2018-12-19 2018-12-19 Program spectrum loading device for fatigue test of excavator turntable Active CN109540491B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110455513B (en) * 2019-08-20 2021-04-16 三一汽车起重机械有限公司 Rotary table testing device and system
CN113970485B (en) * 2021-10-29 2023-10-03 长安大学 Large fatigue test bench and method suitable for various cantilever length members

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