CN109539671B - Refrigerating system - Google Patents
Refrigerating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109539671B CN109539671B CN201811231084.4A CN201811231084A CN109539671B CN 109539671 B CN109539671 B CN 109539671B CN 201811231084 A CN201811231084 A CN 201811231084A CN 109539671 B CN109539671 B CN 109539671B
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- heat exchanger
- refrigeration
- refrigeration system
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 11
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 11
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001815 facial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D16/00—Devices using a combination of a cooling mode associated with refrigerating machinery with a cooling mode not associated with refrigerating machinery
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
- F25D17/02—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating liquids, e.g. brine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
- F25D19/04—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors with more than one refrigeration unit
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D23/00—General constructional features
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a refrigerating system, which comprises a liquid storage tank, a heat load, a first heat exchanger, a refrigerating medium circulation loop formed by connecting a circulating pump, a low-temperature refrigerating system acting on the first heat exchanger and a gas liquefaction refrigerating system acting on the liquid storage tank, wherein the liquid storage tank stores gaseous and/or liquid refrigerating medium, the gas liquefaction refrigerating system comprises a second heat exchanger positioned in the liquid storage tank, and the second heat exchanger cools the gaseous refrigerating medium in the liquid storage tank to generate the liquid refrigerating medium. So set up, can adopt gaseous state and liquid two kinds of secondary refrigerant, solved the operating temperature district of common refrigerating system and received the restriction of refrigeration principle and secondary refrigerant own characteristic, the refrigerating temperature district is narrow, refrigerating system stability is poor, be difficult to make the problem of change in order to adapt to different temperature district refrigerating environment, have can provide the low temperature environment of covering wider temperature district and ultra-low temperature environment in order to adapt to the advantage of the different temperature district refrigerating environment requirement of heat load.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of low-temperature refrigeration, in particular to a refrigeration system.
Background
In the fields of low-temperature storage (such as storage of different biological tissues), low-temperature medical treatment, low-temperature scientific instruments (material performance test at low temperature), low-temperature scientific research, ocean fishery, gas liquefaction and the like, a relatively stable low-temperature or even ultralow-temperature environment is often required.
The most commonly used refrigeration systems at present are: a) Dry ice (warm area: -79 ℃ and liquid nitrogen (warm zone: -196 ℃ to cool, but needs to be continuously replenished with both substances; or b) other cycles employing electric refrigeration, including semiconductor refrigeration and compression refrigeration systems (cascade or mixed-refrigerant).
However, the refrigerating system utilizing dry ice or liquid nitrogen for refrigerating is limited by the characteristics of the refrigerating medium, the refrigerating system can only be carried out in a certain temperature area, the required low-temperature working condition is difficult to realize in different application occasions, the applicability is poor, and the dry ice or liquid nitrogen is required to be continuously supplemented when the refrigerating system is used; by adopting a compression refrigeration mode, when the required working condition temperature is lower, the refrigeration efficiency, the gas transmission coefficient and the evaporation pressure of a compression refrigeration system can be reduced, the possibility of air infiltration into the system at a low-pressure end can be increased, the system can not be refrigerated when serious, and the problem of poor system stability exists; in addition, when the temperature of the required working condition is further reduced, the single-stage compression throttling refrigeration cycle is difficult to meet the required low temperature, and a two-stage compression intermediate cooling, deep cooling mixed working medium throttling refrigeration (self-cascade system) or two single-stage vapor compression refrigeration cycle cascade (classical cascade system) method is often adopted in engineering to obtain the low temperature, however, the common cascade system has the characteristics of long cooling time, small system refrigerating capacity, poor system stability, low energy efficiency ratio, easiness in being influenced by environmental working conditions and the like. In addition, when leakage occurs in the self-overlapping system, the contents of all components of the mixed working medium change to cause the change of evaporation pressure and evaporation temperature, the refrigerating system is required to be vacuumized, the mixed working medium is re-proportioned and poured, and the maintenance difficulty and the maintenance cost of the unit are increased.
In summary, it is not difficult to find that the existing refrigeration systems only have one refrigeration principle, and the working temperature area is limited by the refrigeration principle and the characteristics of the working medium, so that the problems of narrow refrigeration temperature area, poor stability of the refrigeration system and difficulty in making changes to adapt to the refrigeration environments of different temperature areas exist.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that the working temperature area of the refrigeration system in the prior art is limited by the refrigeration principle and the characteristics of the refrigerating medium, the refrigeration temperature area is narrow, the stability of the refrigeration system is poor, and the refrigeration system is difficult to change so as to adapt to the refrigeration environment of different temperature areas.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a refrigeration system: the system comprises a liquid storage tank, a heat load, a first heat exchanger, a refrigerating medium circulation loop formed by connecting a circulating pump, a low-temperature refrigerating system acting on the first heat exchanger and a gas liquefaction refrigerating system acting on the liquid storage tank, wherein the liquid storage tank stores gaseous and/or liquid refrigerating medium, the gas liquefaction refrigerating system comprises a second heat exchanger positioned in the liquid storage tank, and the second heat exchanger cools the gaseous refrigerating medium in the liquid storage tank to generate liquid refrigerating medium.
Preferably, the cryorefrigeration system comprises a cryorefrigerator, a cold head of which acts on the first heat exchanger for heat exchange.
Preferably, the first heat exchanger and the cold head of the cryocooler are of an integrated structure.
Preferably, the cryocooler is a refrigerator capable of preparing the refrigerating temperature of the liquid nitrogen temperature region.
Preferably, the cryocooler is a single or multiple cryocoolers connected in series or in parallel.
Preferably, the gas liquefaction refrigeration system comprises a second refrigerator forming a cooling circuit with the second heat exchanger.
Preferably, the second refrigerator is a refrigeration system having a refrigeration temperature below the boiling point of the coolant.
Preferably, the outer periphery of the thermal load is insulated with a thermal insulation material.
Preferably, the thermal load is a cryogenic refrigerator, a biological tissue storage device, an ultra-low temperature test chamber or a cryogenic electron microscope.
Preferably, when the refrigeration temperature required by the heat load is in a liquid nitrogen temperature region, the secondary refrigerant is a substance which is gaseous at normal temperature and has a freezing point lower than the refrigeration temperature; when the refrigerating temperature required by the heat load is in a dry ice temperature zone, the secondary refrigerant is a substance which is liquid at normal temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the refrigerating system provided by the invention can use different refrigerating media according to the temperature area environment required by refrigeration, and adopts a mode of refrigerating by matching the gas liquefaction refrigerating system and the low-temperature refrigerating system, so that a low-temperature and ultralow-temperature environment covering a wider temperature area is provided, the problem that the working temperature area of the existing refrigerating system is limited by the refrigerating principle and the characteristics of the refrigerating media, and the refrigerating temperature area is narrow is solved, and the refrigerating system can be changed to adapt to the requirements of refrigerating environments of different temperature areas with different heat loads.
2. Compared with a common compression refrigeration (cascade or mixed working medium) system, the refrigeration system provided by the invention has relatively small equipment volume, can save a large amount of space and expands the application field;
3. the refrigerating system provided by the invention has higher stability when the low-temperature refrigerating machine system is operated, and a plurality of refrigerating machines can be connected in series to ensure that enough refrigerating capacity is provided for a heat load, so that the stability of the refrigerating system is improved;
4. according to the refrigerating system provided by the invention, the circulating pump is used for controlling the secondary refrigerant circulating loop to provide different refrigerating capacities for the heat load, so that the use requirements of different occasions can be met;
5. the refrigerating system provided by the invention has small equipment volume, the refrigerating system and the heat load can be separated by using the flexible nonmetallic pipeline, and the whole equipment can be flexibly arranged so as to meet the requirements of different use scenes.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a refrigeration system according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a refrigeration system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1. a liquid storage tank; 2. a thermal load; 3. a first heat exchanger; 4. a circulation pump; 5. a cryogenic refrigeration system; 51. a cryocooler; 6. a gas liquefaction refrigeration system; 61. a second heat exchanger; 62. A second refrigerator; 7. and (5) carrying out secondary cooling.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The present invention provides a refrigeration system, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the secondary refrigerant circulation loop is formed by sequentially connecting a liquid storage tank 1, a circulating pump 4, a first heat exchanger 3 and a heat load 2 through nonmetallic pipelines; a cryogenic refrigeration system 5 acting on the first heat exchanger 3; and a gas liquefaction refrigeration system 6 acting on the liquid storage tank 1. Wherein, the liquid-state refrigerant 7 is stored in the liquid storage tank 1, and the gas liquefaction refrigeration system 6 comprises a second heat exchanger 61 positioned in the liquid storage tank 1, and the second heat exchanger 61 cools the gaseous-state refrigerant 7 in the liquid storage tank 1 to generate the liquid-state refrigerant 7.
When the coolant 7 in the liquid storage tank 1 is in a gaseous state at normal temperature, the gas liquefaction refrigeration system 6 cools the gaseous coolant 7 in the liquid storage tank 1 through the second heat exchanger 61 to generate a liquid coolant 7, the coolant 7 is accumulated at the bottom of the liquid storage tank 1 and then pumped out by the circulating pump 4, and the coolant 7 is conveyed into the first heat exchanger 3 and then cooled to a required working temperature area by the low-temperature refrigeration system 5 and then conveyed to the heat load 2. When the refrigerant 7 in the liquid storage tank 1 is in a liquid state at normal temperature, the refrigerant 7 is directly pumped by the circulating pump 4 to the first heat exchanger 3 to be cooled by the low-temperature refrigeration system 5.
The refrigerating system provided by the invention can select different refrigerating media 7 according to the working temperature area environment required by refrigeration, and the refrigerating system 6 and the low-temperature refrigerating system 5 are matched to cool the refrigerating media 7, so that a low-temperature and ultralow-temperature environment covering a wider temperature area can be provided, the problem that the working temperature area of the existing refrigerating system is limited by the refrigerating principle and the characteristics of the refrigerating media 7, and the refrigerating temperature area is narrow is solved, and the refrigerating system can adapt to the requirements of the refrigerating environments of different temperature areas of the thermal load 2.
Referring to fig. 1, the cryorefrigeration system 5 includes a cryorefrigerator 51, and a cold head of the cryorefrigerator 51 acts on the first heat exchanger 3 to exchange heat. The cold head of the cryocooler 51 and the first heat exchanger 3 may be in a split structure or an integral structure. The cryocooler 51 is a refrigerator that can produce a refrigerating temperature in the liquid nitrogen temperature region, such as a thermo-acoustic refrigerator, a stirling refrigerator, a pulse tube refrigerator, and a GM refrigerator. The cryocooler 51 cools the coolant 7 in the coolant circulation loop through the first heat exchanger 3 to satisfy the operating temperature region required by the heat load 2.
The cryocooler 51 is a single or multiple cryocoolers connected in series or in parallel, so that the cryocooler 51 is flexibly arranged, and the working temperature requirements in different environments can be met. And when the refrigerating capacity required by the heat load 2 is large and the temperature of the refrigerating temperature area is low, the refrigerating speed is high by adopting a mode that a plurality of refrigerators are connected in series, so that the time for cooling the refrigerating medium 7 to the working temperature area by the low-temperature refrigerator 51 can be reduced, the sufficient refrigerating capacity is ensured to be provided for the heat load 2, and the stability of the refrigerating system is improved.
The circulating pump 4 can control the secondary refrigerant circulating loop to provide different refrigerating capacities for the heat load 2, can meet the use requirements of different occasions, and is easy to control.
The gas liquefaction refrigeration system 6 includes a second refrigerator 62 that forms a cooling circuit with the second heat exchanger 61. The second refrigerator 62 is a refrigeration system having a refrigeration temperature lower than the boiling point of the coolant 7 in the tank 1, such as a single-stage or multi-stage vapor compression refrigeration system, in series or in parallel.
In this embodiment, the heat insulation manner adopted by the heat load 2 is that the outer peripheral package is insulated by a heat insulation material, and the heat insulation material is specifically a high thermal resistance aerogel heat insulation material, so that heat exchange between the heat load 2 and the outside can be reduced as much as possible. In other embodiments, thermal load 2 may also be thermally insulated by high vacuum plus radiation shield insulation, high vacuum insulation, and polyurethane, cyclopentane high pressure foam insulation.
When the working temperature area required by the heat load 2 is in a liquid nitrogen temperature area (-196 ℃), the refrigerating medium 7 in the liquid storage tank 1 is in a gaseous state at normal temperature, the refrigerating temperature is higher than the freezing point of the refrigerating medium but lower than the refrigerating medium 7, and concretely, propane with the melting point of-187 ℃ and the boiling point of-42 ℃ or propylene with the melting point of-185 ℃ and the boiling point of-47 ℃ can be selected. The gas liquefaction refrigeration system 6 cools the gaseous refrigerant 7 in the liquid storage tank 1 through the second heat exchanger 61 to generate a liquid refrigerant 7, the liquid refrigerant 7 is pumped to the first heat exchanger 3 by the circulating pump 4, the low-temperature refrigeration system 5 acts on the first heat exchanger 3 to further cool the refrigerant 7 to a liquid nitrogen temperature zone, and the liquid refrigerant is conveyed to the heat load 2 so as to meet the working temperature requirement of the heat load 2 on the liquid nitrogen temperature zone.
When the desired operating temperature zone for the thermal load 2 is in the dry ice temperature zone (-79 ℃) the coolant 7 is cooled to a temperature above the freezing point of the coolant 7, but below the boiling point of the coolant 7 and at normal temperature and pressure the coolant 7 is in a liquid state, which can be n-pentane (melting point-129 ℃) or ethanol (melting point-114 ℃, boiling point 78 ℃). The liquid secondary refrigerant 7 does not need to be liquefied first, the middle gas liquefaction refrigerating system 6 of the refrigerating system stops working (or the whole refrigerating system is not provided with the gas liquefaction refrigerating system 6), the liquid secondary refrigerant 7 is pumped to the first heat exchanger 3 by the circulating pump 4, the low-temperature refrigerating system 5 acts on the first heat exchanger 3 to cool the secondary refrigerant 7 to the dry ice temperature zone and is conveyed to the thermal load 2, so that the working temperature requirement of the thermal load 2 on the dry ice temperature zone is met.
When the scanning electron microscope is used for research, the sample slice is required to be rapidly cooled due to the sensitivity of the instrument, the form of the sample slice is fixed, the water in the sample slice is ensured to be in a glass state, and then the scanning electron microscope is used for structural observation. The refrigeration system can be applied to a low-temperature electron microscope, namely, the thermal load 2 is the low-temperature electron microscope. The method comprises the steps of utilizing a cold carrier 7 which is in a gaseous state at normal temperature and normal pressure, liquefying the cold carrier 7 through a gas liquefying and refrigerating system 6 and a low-temperature refrigerating system 5, further cooling to a required working temperature area, rapidly freezing a sample slice in liquid nitrogen when a low-temperature electron microscope works, placing the sample slice in a low-temperature cooling table in the electron microscope, and then starting the electron microscope to observe the sample slice.
In the low-temperature scientific research, the low-temperature refrigerator is required to store articles, the low-temperature refrigerator on the market at present is generally difficult to stably achieve a liquid nitrogen temperature region of-196 ℃, and the refrigerating system can also be applied to the ultra-low-temperature refrigerator to provide a stable ultra-low-temperature storage environment of-196 ℃. I.e. the thermal load 2 is an ultra low temperature refrigerator. The low-temperature refrigerating system 5 can use a thermoacoustic refrigerator, and one or more thermoacoustic refrigerators can be used according to the cold energy requirement.
In biomedical research, it is sometimes necessary to preserve biological tissues, such as cells, blood, organs, skin, etc., using ultra-low temperature environments. These biological tissues are not quite large but require a sustained stable ultra-low temperature environment that might otherwise affect their activity. The refrigeration system of this construction can be used in this scenario, with the thermal load 2 being an ultra-low temperature biological tissue storage tank or cabinet.
The ultralow temperature test box is necessary material performance test equipment in the fields of aviation, electric appliances, scientific researches and the like, and the refrigerating system with the structure can be applied to the scene. When the ultralow temperature test box works, the tested materials and the clamping and measuring mechanisms of the materials are required to be placed in high temperature, ultralow temperature or variable temperature environments, the refrigeration equipment is utilized to design the thermal load 2 into a reasonable type, and the thermal load 2 is combined with a measuring instrument, so that the high temperature, low temperature or variable temperature environments required by measurement can be provided, and the material performance test requirements of customers are met.
In the field of air contaminant monitoring, there is a need to measure the concentration of contaminants in air, and refrigeration systems of this construction can be used in this context. Because the concentration of pollutants in the air is very low, in order to measure the concentration value of the pollutants, the pollutants in the gas need to be captured from polluted dry air, the pollutants need to be condensed and enriched in an ultralow-temperature environment (-150 ℃), the pollutants are volatilized into a gas state by heating after being concentrated to a certain degree, at the moment, the concentration of the pollutants is increased to a measurable degree, and then the measured gases enter subsequent measuring equipment, and the concentration of the measured gases can be measured.
In this scenario, the cryogenic refrigeration system 5 directly provides cold, the surface temperature of the first heat exchanger 3 is reduced to-150 ℃, when the dry air containing pollutants passes through the interior of the first heat exchanger 3, the pollutants are instantaneously condensed and enriched in the interior of the first heat exchanger 3, after the pollutants are concentrated to a certain degree, the first heat exchanger 3 is heated to quickly raise the temperature to 150 ℃, so that all the concentrated and enriched pollutants in the interior of the first heat exchanger 3 are volatilized into subsequent measuring equipment, and the concentration of the pollutants is measured in the measuring equipment.
The refrigerating system with the structure can be used for realizing the whole immersed low-temperature nursing of a human body, and the thermal load 2 is a barrel-shaped container with a high person. When the nursing device is used, the low-temperature liquid secondary refrigerant 7 conveyed by the low-temperature refrigerating system 5 is arranged in the barrel-shaped container, the temperature of the barrel-shaped container is low, and after the local nursing device is attached to the local skin of a human body, the attached skin temperature is rapidly reduced, so that the nursing purpose is realized. The thermal load 2 may be designed in different patterns including, but not limited to, a bandage, a patch, a facial film, etc., according to specific needs. The bandage type heat load 2 is suitable for fixing and cooling the limbs of a human body, the patch type heat load 2 is suitable for cooling and nursing the flat skin surface of the human body, and the mask type heat load 2 is particularly suitable for cooling and nursing the face of the human body.
In the biomedical field, a sufficiently low temperature can ablate tissue, so cryoablation is a disease treatment means, and the refrigeration system of this structure can be applied to surgical devices in this context. In use, the thermal load 2 is designed to be of a particular configuration, and the cryogenic or ultra-low temperature coolant 7 flows through the thermal load 2 to ablate tissue in contact with the thermal load 2. The thermal load 2 can be designed in different patterns according to the different conditions of the target tissue, so as to meet the purpose of treating diseases. Specific patterns of thermal load 2 include, but are not limited to, the following patterns: centralized type: spherical, needle-shaped; distributed type: spiral, umbrella, triangular, polygonal, etc. Wherein, spherical heat load 2 is commonly used for cavity ablation, needle heat load 2 is commonly used for fat, tumor and other tissue ablation, umbrella heat load 2 is commonly used for tumor tissue ablation.
In summary, according to the refrigeration system provided by the invention, different refrigerating media 7 can be used according to the temperature area environment required by refrigeration, and the refrigerating media 7 is cooled by matching the gas liquefaction refrigeration system 6 and the low-temperature refrigeration system 5, so that a low-temperature and ultra-low-temperature environment covering a wider temperature area can be provided, and the requirements of the refrigerating environments in different temperature areas of the heat load 2 can be met; in addition, the cryocooler 51 may be connected in series or in parallel by using a plurality of thermo-acoustic coolers as needed, so that sufficient cooling capacity can be ensured, and the stability of the cooling system is high.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a refrigerating system, its characterized in that includes liquid storage pot (1), heat load (2), the secondary refrigerant circulation circuit that first heat exchanger (3) and circulating pump (4) are connected, still include act on cryogenic refrigeration system (5) of first heat exchanger (3) and act on gaseous liquefaction refrigerating system (6) of liquid storage pot (1), liquid storage pot (1) stores gaseous state and/or liquid secondary refrigerant (7), gaseous liquefaction refrigerating system (6) include be located second heat exchanger (61) in liquid storage pot (1), second heat exchanger (61) are right gaseous secondary refrigerant (7) in liquid storage pot (1) cool down in order to generate liquid secondary refrigerant (7).
2. A refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that the cryorefrigeration system (5) comprises a cryorefrigerator (51), the cold head of the cryorefrigerator (51) acting on the first heat exchanger (3) for heat exchange.
3. A refrigeration system according to claim 2, characterized in that the first heat exchanger (3) and the cold head of the cryocooler (51) are of unitary construction.
4. A refrigeration system according to claim 2, characterized in that the cryocooler (51) is a refrigerator that can produce a refrigeration temperature in the liquid nitrogen temperature zone.
5. A refrigeration system according to claim 4, wherein the cryocooler (51) is a single or multiple coolers in series or parallel.
6. A refrigeration system according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the gas liquefaction refrigeration system (6) comprises a second refrigerator (62) forming a cooling circuit with the second heat exchanger (61).
7. A refrigeration system according to claim 6, wherein said second refrigerator (62) is a refrigeration system having a refrigeration temperature lower than the boiling point of said coolant (7).
8. A refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer periphery of the heat load (2) is insulated with a heat insulating material.
9. Refrigeration system according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal load (2) is a cryogenic refrigerator, a biological tissue storage device, an ultra-low temperature test box or a cryo-electron microscope.
10. A refrigeration system according to claim 1, wherein said coolant (7) is a substance that is gaseous at ordinary temperature and has a freezing point lower than the refrigeration temperature when the refrigeration temperature required for said thermal load (2) is in the liquid nitrogen temperature region; when the refrigerating temperature required by the heat load (2) is in a dry ice temperature region, the secondary refrigerant (7) is a substance which is liquid at normal temperature.
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| CN111059820B (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2022-06-03 | 江苏国技智能科技有限公司 | Liquid refrigeration scheme absorption bottle sampling refrigeration and low-temperature storage composite device and method |
| CN113267525A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-08-17 | 北京环冷科技有限公司 | Device for cold insulation material to carry out low-temperature experiment |
| CN114935233A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-08-23 | 北京中科富海低温科技有限公司 | Refrigeration house refrigerating system |
| CN117516025A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-06 | 山前（珠海）医疗科技有限公司 | Ultralow temperature storage system |
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