CN109535619A - 海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶,按如下方法制备得到:50℃下,将聚乙烯醇溶于水中,得到聚乙烯醇水溶液,然后将海藻酸钠溶于所得聚乙烯醇水溶液中,得到复合水溶胶;将所得复合水溶胶进行脱气处理,之后滴加到锌盐的水溶液中,转变为复合水凝胶,用水清洗后,室温干燥即得所述海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶;本发明海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇凝胶的形成,只需要在水作为溶剂的条件下进行,鳌合金属离子也是在水溶液中进行,制备操作过程简单,经济环保;所得复合水凝胶呈现出多孔的网状结构,对染料分子具有很好的吸附作用。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种海藻酸钠(SA)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)复合水凝胶及其制备方法,以及作为吸附剂在亚甲基蓝染料吸附中的应用。
(二)背景技术
随着生活水平的不断提高,纺织、造纸、制药和化妆品等行业的迅速发展促进了染料的大量使用,据不完全统计,目前制备的染料种类多达10万多种,约有超过10%以上的染料含量在制备和使用过程中被排放到环境中。大部分染料是有机化合物,它们进入水体后会污染环境,影响植物的光合作用和破坏水的生态平衡。此外,许多染料被认为是致癌,致突变和毒性,将染料废水进行处理成为现在迫切的课题。亚甲基蓝是一种广泛应用的阳离子染料,又称为碱性染料和盐类染料,主要用于纤维的染色,排放到水体中会造成强度高,光彩艳丽和难降解等环境问题,对亚甲基蓝染料的处理变得十分重要。
目前,处理染料废水的方式主要有物理法、化学法和生物法,具体包括吸附、絮沉、氧化、臭氧化、膜过滤和离子交换等过程,这些方法可以成功实现废水脱色的工业化,但是存在的缺陷是操作过程复杂,容易造成二次污染。吸附法是利用吸附剂对液体或者气体中的一些组分进行吸附处理。常见的吸附剂有活性炭,氧化铝,分子筛和金属有机骨架等多孔材料,但是这些物质由于价格贵且吸附效果不好,无法满足很好的染料吸附处理。近年来,不少研究者在制备吸附剂上研究深入。2011年,Safa等人利用稻壳作为基本材料,通过一定的处理过程实现了甲基橙和甲基红36的脱除,并探讨了吸附机理;2015年,Khattri利用甘蔗渣的多孔结构实现了染料废水的处理。所以,探寻一种简单地吸附剂制备方式进行染料的吸附过程,十分有价值。
(三)发明内容
本发明的目的是利用海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水溶胶,通过鳌合丰富的金属成核离子,以制备多孔的复合水凝胶,以及测试所得复合水凝胶在亚甲基蓝水溶液中的脱色处理,研究它的吸附性。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶,按如下方法制备得到:
(1)50℃下,将聚乙烯醇溶于水中,得到聚乙烯醇水溶液,然后将海藻酸钠溶于所得聚乙烯醇水溶液中,得到复合水溶胶(淡黄色粘稠液体);
所述聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠、水的质量比为3:0.25~1:100;
所述聚乙烯醇为低粘度的可溶性聚乙烯醇,醇解度为87.0%~89.0%,单体分子量为44.05;
(2)将步骤(1)所得复合水溶胶进行脱气处理,之后滴加到锌盐的水溶液中,转变为复合水凝胶,用水清洗后,室温(20~30℃)干燥即得所述海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶;
所述脱气处理的方法为:将复合水溶胶超声(功率800W)处理15min,静置30min,即可去除残余气泡;
所述锌盐的水溶液中锌离子的浓度为2mol/L,所述锌盐选自硝酸锌、乙酸锌或氯化锌;
所述复合水溶胶与锌盐的水溶液的体积比为1:1。
本发明制得的海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶可作为吸附剂应用于染料废水的脱色处理。具体的,所述应用的方法为:
将所述海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶加到亚甲基蓝的水溶液中,振荡吸附,通过测试溶液的紫外吸收光谱,获得吸附效率;
所述亚甲基蓝的水溶液的浓度为150mg/L。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点如下:
1.海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇凝胶的形成,只需要在水作为溶剂的条件下进行,鳌合金属离子也是在水溶液中进行,制备操作过程简单,没有引入其他有毒和污染环境的有机试剂,并且制备的混合水溶胶和Zn溶液可以重复使用多次,减少了试剂的浪费。
2.复合水凝胶呈现出多孔的网状结构,对染料分子具有很好的吸附作用。凝胶的原料来源丰富,可以很好的满足工业化应用的要求。
(四)附图说明
图1:本发明实施例1制得的复合水凝胶的SEM图。
(五)具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
以下实施例中,聚乙烯醇购自杭州邦华化学试剂有限公司,型号为1788低粘度,海藻酸钠购自杭州邦华化学试剂有限公司。
实施例1:1wt%浓度海藻酸钠复合凝胶的制备和染料吸附研究
(1)50℃下,将0.3g聚乙烯醇固体粉末加到10mL水中,搅拌溶解3h,得到聚乙烯醇水溶液,然后将0.1g海藻酸钠加到所得聚乙烯醇水溶液中,搅拌溶解3h,得到复合水溶胶。
(2)取步骤(1)所得复合水溶胶10mL超声处理15min,静置30min,以去除残余气泡,之后采用注射器将经过脱气处理的复合水溶胶滴加到10mL 2mol/L硝酸锌的水溶液中,转变为复合水凝胶,用水清洗后,室温干燥至表面无水状态,得到海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶。
(3)将制得的海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶20g加到150mg/L亚甲基蓝的水溶液中,振荡吸附,通过测试溶液的紫外吸收光谱,获得吸附效率。
亚甲基蓝吸附实验(次数) | 1 | 2 | 3 |
吸附率(%) | 97 | 98 | 98 |
实施例2:0.5wt%浓度海藻酸钠复合凝胶的制备和染料吸附研究
(1)50℃下,将0.3g聚乙烯醇固体粉末加到10mL水中,搅拌溶解3h,得到聚乙烯醇水溶液,然后将0.05g海藻酸钠加到所得聚乙烯醇水溶液中,搅拌溶解3h,得到复合水溶胶。
(2)取步骤(1)所得复合水溶胶10mL超声处理15min,静置30min,以去除残余气泡,之后采用注射器将经过脱气处理的复合水溶胶滴加到10mL 2mol/L硝酸锌的水溶液中,转变为复合水凝胶,用水清洗后,室温干燥至表面无水状态,得到海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶。
(3)将制得的海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶20g加到150mg/L亚甲基蓝的水溶液中,振荡吸附,通过测试溶液的紫外吸收光谱,获得吸附效率。
亚甲基蓝吸附实验(次数) | 1 | 2 | 3 |
吸附率(%) | 94 | 96 | 95 |
对比例:
近期,西北师范大学合成了纤维素/壳聚糖的复合水凝胶,并用于亚甲基蓝染料的吸附研究。主要通过纤维素和壳聚糖为基本原料,通过功能化单体接枝共聚合,制备一系列的复合水凝胶,实验过程为将一定量的纤维素和壳聚糖加入到功能单体AA,交联剂MBA和引发剂,氮气保护下90℃反应产生凝胶。通过UV分光光度计在644nm下测定吸光率,展示了最大1680.3mg/g的吸附量。吸附率达到90%以上。
本发明的优势:
1.复合凝胶的成分和制备条件不同,本发明复合凝胶的制备采用聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠,这两种水溶性的低分子聚合物,然后利用金属螯合的反应方式获得,整个过程只需在水溶液下制备,制备过程简单,无需复杂的化学反应和条件。
2.本发明的复合水凝胶对亚甲基蓝染料的吸附效果较好,主要和复合凝胶表面丰富的孔道结构有关,展现出很好的优势。
Claims (8)
1.一种海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶,其特征在于,所述复合水凝胶按如下方法制备得到:
(1)50℃下,将聚乙烯醇溶于水中,得到聚乙烯醇水溶液,然后将海藻酸钠溶于所得聚乙烯醇水溶液中,得到复合水溶胶;
所述聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠、水的质量比为3:0.25~1:100;
(2)将步骤(1)所得复合水溶胶进行脱气处理,之后滴加到锌盐的水溶液中,转变为复合水凝胶,用水清洗后,室温干燥即得所述海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶。
2.如权利要求1所述的海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述聚乙烯醇为低粘度的可溶性聚乙烯醇,醇解度为87.0%~89.0%,单体分子量为44.05。
3.如权利要求1所述的海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述脱气处理的方法为:将复合水溶胶超声处理15min,静置30min,即可去除残余气泡。
4.如权利要求1所述的海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述锌盐的水溶液中锌离子的浓度为2mol/L。
5.如权利要求1所述的海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述锌盐选自硝酸锌、乙酸锌或氯化锌。
6.如权利要求1所述的海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述复合水溶胶与锌盐的水溶液的体积比为1:1。
7.如权利要求1所述的海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶作为吸附剂在染料废水的脱色处理中的应用。
8.如权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述应用的方法为:
将所述海藻酸钠/聚乙烯醇复合水凝胶加到亚甲基蓝的水溶液中,振荡吸附,通过测试溶液的紫外吸收光谱,获得吸附效率。
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CN110975834A (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-10 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种超轻可漂浮性材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN112844338A (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种黑滑石-聚乙烯醇缩甲醛凝胶复合吸附材料 |
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CN107254056A (zh) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-10-17 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | 一种自愈合聚乙烯醇‑海藻酸盐双网络凝胶及其制备方法 |
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CN107254056A (zh) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-10-17 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | 一种自愈合聚乙烯醇‑海藻酸盐双网络凝胶及其制备方法 |
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CN110227421A (zh) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-09-13 | 内蒙古农业大学 | 一种文冠果壳活性炭基水凝胶的制备方法及其应用 |
CN110975834A (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-10 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种超轻可漂浮性材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN110975834B (zh) * | 2019-12-19 | 2022-03-25 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种超轻可漂浮性材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN112844338A (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-28 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种黑滑石-聚乙烯醇缩甲醛凝胶复合吸附材料 |
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