CN109534862A - A kind of method of stalk returning to the field on the spot - Google Patents
A kind of method of stalk returning to the field on the spot Download PDFInfo
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- CN109534862A CN109534862A CN201811616079.5A CN201811616079A CN109534862A CN 109534862 A CN109534862 A CN 109534862A CN 201811616079 A CN201811616079 A CN 201811616079A CN 109534862 A CN109534862 A CN 109534862A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of methods of stalk returning to the field on the spot, include the following steps: to be laid in soil surface after crushing stalk；It uniformly splashes on stalk diluted acid；Step 3, uniformly splash on the stalk for diluted acid of having splashed quick lime and water；Step 4 spreads straw decomposing microbial bacterial agent to stalk surface, and arable land ploughs under stalk in soil.The present invention passes through the pretreatment to stalk, Ph is adjusted, it creates conditions to add straw decomposing microbial bacterial agent, the addition of microbial bacterial agent further promotes breeding, producing enzyme and the degradation to stalk of microorganism in combination with the effect of cellulase, hemicellulase and urea.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural wastes applied technical field, more particularly, to a kind of method of stalk returning to the field on the spot.
Background technique
For the benefit of straw-returning it is well known that it can improve soil texture, increase soil fertility increases the production of crops
Amount.Development with social economy and the requirement to environmental quality are higher and higher, before in a manner of burning and realize straw-returning
It is prohibited.Currently, country is wideling popularize environmentally friendly straw-returning technology.But stalk is by cellulose, hemicellulose
Element and lignin composition, close structure are difficult to be decomposed in its natural state, and a series of method need to be taken to realize stalk
Decomposition and inversion provides fertilizer for soil.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to propose a kind of method of stalk returning to the field on the spot, by taking a series of processing modes,
Promote stalk fast decoupled and be the available fertilizer of soil by microorganism conversion, the method and measure taken is to soil without shadow
The effects of sound, shortens the period of straw decomposing, increases soil fertility, and beneficial bacterium mass propagation reduces soil-borne disease.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
A kind of method of stalk returning to the field on the spot, includes the following steps:
Step 1 is laid in soil surface after crushing stalk；
Step 2, diluted acid of uniformly splashing on stalk；
Step 3, uniformly splash on the stalk for diluted acid of having splashed quick lime and water；
Step 4 spreads straw decomposing microbial bacterial agent to stalk surface, and arable land ploughs under stalk in soil.
Further, stalk includes corn stover, wheat stalk, rice straw or soybean stalk.
Further, diluted acid is one of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, citric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid or a variety of.
Further, the concentration of diluted acid is 0.5%~2% (w/v), the mass ratio of the dosage of diluted acid and stalk be 1:1~
1:5。
Further, the molar ratio of the dosage of the dosage and diluted acid of quick lime is 1:1~1:3, the amount of water and quick lime
Mass ratio is 1:1~3:1.
Further, microbial bacterial agent additive amount is 0.1~3kg/t stalk.
Further, size is 3~5cm after the stalk in step 1 crushes, and the thickness that tiles is in 3~10cm.
Further, microbial bacterial agent includes the component of following mass fraction: 10-20 parts of bacillus subtilis, lichens bud
5-10 parts of saccharomycete of 10-20 parts of spore bacillus, 5-10 parts of Trichoderma viride, 5-10 parts of aspergillus niger, 1-3 parts of cellulase, hemicellulose
1-3 parts of enzyme, 3-5 parts of urea.
Further, the processing time of step 2 is 3-10 hours.
Further, the processing time of step 3 is 1-3 hours.
Compared with the existing technology, the method for stalk of the present invention returning to the field on the spot has the advantage that
The method of stalk of the present invention returning to the field on the spot, can make cellulosic structure become thin using dilute acid pretreatment
Pine further promotes diluted acid to stalk structural damage under the conditions of the effect heat production of lime and water, while lime is reacted with water
Product calcium hydroxide afterwards, can neutralize diluted acid, create conditions to add straw decomposing microbial bacterial agent, meanwhile, the acid added
Alkali does not have soil to be changed by a relatively large margin, and the microbial bacterial agent added is the bacterial strain for efficiently producing cellulase, hemicellulase, simultaneously
The effect of cellulose-binding enzyme, hemicellulase and urea further promotes breeding, producing enzyme and the drop to stalk of microorganism
Function and effect are solved, realize the returning to the field on the spot of stalk.
Specific embodiment
In addition to being defined, technical term used in following embodiment has universal with those skilled in the art of the invention
The identical meanings of understanding.Test reagent used in following embodiment is unless otherwise specified conventional biochemical reagent；It is described
Experimental method is unless otherwise specified conventional method.
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail.
Embodiment 1
Corn stalk powder is broken to 3-5cm size, be layered on soil surface, thickness control is in 3-10cm.Compound concentration
The dilute hydrochloric acid of 1% (w/v) is splashed on dilute hydrochloric acid to stalk according to the ratio uniform of the amount 1:3 with stalk.After processing 5 hours, then
Spill the quick lime of hydrochloric acid mole half and the water with quick lime equivalent.It is micro- with 1kg according to stalk per ton after processing 2 hours
(10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts of saccharomycete, 5 parts of Trichoderma viride, 5 parts of aspergillus niger are fine for bacteria agent
Tie up plain 1 part of enzyme, 1 part of hemicellulase, 3 parts of urea), uniform spreading stalk microbe microbial inoculum to stalk surface, and stalk is deep
It ploughs into soil.It digged every 5 days and observes stalk size and decomposed degree and soil organic matter content is measured by sampling.
Embodiment 2
Corn stalk powder is broken to 3-5cm size, be layered on soil surface, thickness control is in 3-10cm.Compound concentration
The dilute hydrochloric acid of 1% (w/v) is splashed on dilute hydrochloric acid to stalk according to the ratio uniform of the amount 1:3 with stalk.After processing 10 hours,
The quick lime of hydrochloric acid mole half and the water with lime equivalent are spilt again.It is micro- with 2kg according to stalk per ton after processing 1 hour
Bacteria agent (20 parts of bacillus subtilis, 20 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 10 parts of saccharomycete, 10 parts of Trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger 10
Part, 3 parts of cellulase, 3 parts of hemicellulase, 5 parts of urea), uniform spreading stalk microbe microbial inoculum to stalk surface, and by straw
Stalk is deep ploughed into soil.It digged every 5 days and observes stalk size and decomposed degree and soil organic matter content is measured by sampling.
Embodiment 3
Corn stalk powder is broken to 3-5cm size, be layered on soil surface, thickness control is in 3-10cm.Compound concentration
The dilute sulfuric acid of 0.5% (w/v) is splashed on dilute hydrochloric acid to stalk according to the ratio uniform of the amount 1:1 with stalk.After processing 3 hours,
The quick lime of hydrochloric acid mole half and the water with lime equivalent are spilt again.After processing 3 hours, according to stalk 0.5kg per ton
Microbial bacterial agent (10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 10 parts of saccharomycete, 10 parts of Trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger 10
Part, 3 parts of cellulase, 3 parts of hemicellulase, 3 parts of urea), uniform spreading stalk microbe microbial inoculum to stalk surface, and by straw
Stalk is deep ploughed into soil.It digged every 5 days and observes stalk size and decomposed degree and soil organic matter content is measured by sampling.
Embodiment 4
Corn stalk powder is broken to 3-5cm size, be layered on soil surface, thickness control is in 3-10cm.Compound concentration
The nitric acid of 1% (w/v) is splashed on dilute hydrochloric acid to stalk according to the ratio uniform of the amount 1:3 with stalk.After processing 5 hours, then sprinkle
The quick lime of salting acid mole half and water with lime equivalent.After processing 2 hours, according to stalk per ton with 3kg microorganism
(15 parts of bacillus subtilis, 15 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 10 parts of saccharomycete, 10 parts of Trichoderma viride, 10 parts of aspergillus niger are fine for microbial inoculum
Tie up plain 2 parts of enzyme, 2 parts of hemicellulase, 2 parts of urea), uniform spreading stalk microbe microbial inoculum to stalk surface, and stalk is deep
It ploughs into soil.It digged every 5 days and observes stalk size and decomposed degree and soil organic matter content is measured by sampling.
Embodiment 5
Corn stalk powder is broken to 3-5cm size, be layered on soil surface, thickness control is in 3-10cm.Compound concentration
The dilute hydrochloric acid of 1% (w/v) is splashed on dilute hydrochloric acid to stalk according to the ratio uniform of the amount 1:1 with stalk.After processing 3 hours, then
Spill the quick lime of hydrochloric acid mole half and the water with lime equivalent.After processing 2 hours, according to the stalk per ton micro- life of 1kg
Object microbial inoculum (10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 7.5 parts of saccharomycete, 7.5 parts of Trichoderma viride, aspergillus niger 7.5
Part, 2 parts of cellulase, 2 parts of hemicellulase, 4 parts of urea), uniform spreading stalk microbe microbial inoculum to stalk surface, and by straw
Stalk is deep ploughed into soil.It digged every 5 days and observes stalk size and decomposed degree and soil organic matter content is measured by sampling.
Embodiment 6
Corn stalk powder is broken to 3-5cm size, be layered on soil surface, thickness control is in 3-10cm.Compound concentration
The acetic acid of 2% (w/v) is splashed on dilute hydrochloric acid to stalk according to the ratio uniform of the amount 1:1 with stalk.After processing 10 hours, then
Spill the quick lime of hydrochloric acid mole half and the water with lime equivalent.After processing 3 hours, according to the stalk per ton micro- life of 1kg
Object microbial inoculum (15 parts of bacillus subtilis, 15 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts of saccharomycete, 5 parts of Trichoderma viride, 5 parts of aspergillus niger, fiber
1 part of plain enzyme, 1 part of hemicellulase, 3 parts of urea), uniform spreading stalk microbe microbial inoculum to stalk surface, and stalk is deep ploughed
Into soil.It digged every 5 days and observes stalk size and decomposed degree and soil organic matter content is measured by sampling.
Embodiment 7
Corn stalk powder is broken to 3-5cm size, be layered on soil surface, thickness control is in 3-10cm.Compound concentration
The citric acid of 2% (w/v) is splashed on dilute hydrochloric acid to stalk according to the ratio uniform of the amount 1:1 with stalk.After processing 10 hours,
The quick lime of hydrochloric acid mole half and the water with lime equivalent are spilt again.It is micro- with 3kg according to stalk per ton after processing 3 hours
(10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts of saccharomycete, 5 parts of Trichoderma viride, 5 parts of aspergillus niger are fine for bacteria agent
Tie up plain 3 parts of enzyme, 3 parts of hemicellulase, 3 parts of urea), uniform spreading stalk microbe microbial inoculum to stalk surface, and stalk is deep
It ploughs into soil.It digged every 5 days and observes stalk size and decomposed degree and soil organic matter content is measured by sampling.
Embodiment 8
Corn stalk powder is broken to 3-5cm size, be layered on soil surface, thickness control is in 3-10cm.Compound concentration
The sulfuric acid of 2% (w/v) is splashed on dilute hydrochloric acid to stalk according to the ratio uniform of the amount 1:5 with stalk.After processing 5 hours, then sprinkle
The quick lime of salting acid mole half and water with lime equivalent.After processing 2 hours, according to stalk per ton with 1kg microorganism
Microbial inoculum (20 parts of bacillus subtilis, 20 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts of saccharomycete, 5 parts of Trichoderma viride, 5 parts of aspergillus niger, cellulose
3 parts of enzyme, 3 parts of hemicellulase, 3 parts of urea), uniform spreading stalk microbe microbial inoculum to stalk surface, and by stalk deep plough to
In soil.It digged every 5 days and observes stalk size and decomposed degree and soil organic matter content is measured by sampling.
Embodiment 9
Corn stalk powder is broken to 3-5cm size, be layered on soil surface, thickness control is in 3-10cm.According to per ton
Stalk with 1kg microbial bacterial agent (10 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of bacillus licheniformis, 5 parts of saccharomycete, 5 parts of Trichoderma viride,
5 parts of aspergillus niger, 1 part of cellulase, 1 part of hemicellulase, 3 parts of urea), uniform spreading stalk microbe microbial inoculum to stalk table
Face, and stalk is deep ploughed into soil.It digged every 5 days and observes stalk size and decomposed degree and the soil organism is measured by sampling
Content.
Embodiment 10,
Corn stalk powder is broken to 3-5cm size, be layered on soil surface, thickness control is in 3-10cm.By stalk depth
It ploughs into soil.It digged every 5 days and observes stalk size and decomposed degree and soil organic matter content is measured by sampling.
Comparative example 1,
Corn stalk powder is broken to 3-5cm size, be layered on soil surface, thickness control is in 3-10cm.According to lime
With the ratio of the amount 4:1000 of stalk, quick lime and the water with 2-3 times of quick lime are weighed, quick lime is uniformly spread to stalk,
Water is splashed to quick lime surface again, is handled 5 hours.Measure the concentrated sulfuric acid with quick lime equimolar amounts, compound concentration 2%
(w/v) sulfuric acid, uniformly splashes to stalk, handles two hours.According to stalk per ton 1kg decomposing agent, uniform spreading stalk
Decomposing agent deep ploughs stalk into soil to stalk surface.It digged every 5 days and observes stalk size and decomposed degree and sample
Measure soil organic matter content.
The content of organic matter (g/kg) in embodiment 1-10
It can be seen that by above-mentioned experiment using dilute acid pretreatment, then in the effect heat production of lime and water, neutralize diluted acid
Afterwards, the soil with organic matter content of the microbial bacterial agent added is high.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of stalk returning to the field on the spot, characterized by the following steps:
Step 1 is laid in soil surface after crushing stalk；
Step 2, diluted acid of uniformly splashing on stalk；
Step 3, uniformly splash on the stalk for diluted acid of having splashed quick lime and water；
Step 4 spreads straw decomposing microbial bacterial agent to stalk surface, and arable land ploughs under stalk in soil.
2. the method for stalk according to claim 1 returning to the field on the spot, it is characterised in that: stalk includes corn stover, wheat
Stalk, rice straw or soybean stalk.
3. the method for stalk according to claim 1 returning to the field on the spot, it is characterised in that: diluted acid be sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid,
One of citric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid are a variety of.
4. the method for stalk according to claim 1 returning to the field on the spot, it is characterised in that: the concentration of diluted acid is 0.5%~2%
(w/v), the mass ratio of the dosage of diluted acid and stalk is 1:1~1:5.
5. according to claim 1 or the method for 4 described in any item stalks returning to the field on the spot, it is characterised in that: the dosage of quick lime
Molar ratio with the dosage of diluted acid is 1:1~1:3, and the amount of water and the mass ratio of quick lime are 1:1~3:1.
6. the method for stalk according to claim 1 returning to the field on the spot, it is characterised in that: microbial bacterial agent additive amount is 0.1
~3kg/t stalk.
7. the method for stalk according to claim 1 returning to the field on the spot, it is characterised in that: the stalk in step 1 is big after crushing
Small is 3~5cm, and the thickness that tiles is in 3~10cm.
8. the method for stalk according to claim 1 returning to the field on the spot, it is characterised in that: microbial bacterial agent includes following quality
The component of number: 10-20 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-10 parts of saccharomycete of 10-20 parts of bacillus licheniformis, Trichoderma viride 5-10
Part, 5-10 parts of aspergillus niger, 1-3 parts of cellulase, 1-3 parts of hemicellulase, 3-5 parts of urea.
9. the method for stalk according to claim 1 returning to the field on the spot, it is characterised in that: the processing time of step 2 is 3-10
Hour.
10. the method for stalk according to claim 1 returning to the field on the spot, it is characterised in that: the processing time of step 3 is 1-3
Hour.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811616079.5A CN109534862A (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2018-12-27 | A kind of method of stalk returning to the field on the spot |
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| CN201811616079.5A CN109534862A (en) | 2018-12-27 | 2018-12-27 | A kind of method of stalk returning to the field on the spot |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112272987A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-01-29 | 阜南县美林蓝莓科技发展有限公司 | Soil improvement method for blueberry planting |
| CN112806138A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2021-05-18 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Method for improving cold resistance of rice based on complete decomposition and returning of rice straw to field |
| CN113261468A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-08-17 | 陕西美好家园农业科技发展股份有限公司 | Apple tree planting method mainly based on farmyard manure |
| CN114195577A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-03-18 | 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所 | Method for safely composting and returning solanaceous straws to field |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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