CN109532138A - A kind of electric heating of high-efficiency soft is anti-/ deicing plied timber - Google Patents
A kind of electric heating of high-efficiency soft is anti-/ deicing plied timber Download PDFInfo
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- CN109532138A CN109532138A CN201811527362.0A CN201811527362A CN109532138A CN 109532138 A CN109532138 A CN 109532138A CN 201811527362 A CN201811527362 A CN 201811527362A CN 109532138 A CN109532138 A CN 109532138A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of high-efficiency soft electric heating to prevent/deicing plied timber, the vague interface multi-layer structure constructed using flexible high dielectric high molecular material as successive substrates, including inside panel, the high molecular bottom insulation thermal insulation layer of flexible high dielectric, using carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure network as heater, flexible high dielectric high molecular material is the middle part electric heating function layer of matrix, is formed as the top thermal insulation layer and exterior skin of reinforcement using the thermally conductive functional material of high heat conductance, high-dielectric coefficient.Compared with prior art, the present invention has many advantages, such as the Ultralight of ideal resistance rate, flexible electric heating functive, can be applied to aircraft and prevents/deicing component.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aircraft it is anti-/ clearing ice technology field, more particularly, to a kind of high-efficiency soft electric heating it is anti-/ deicing is multiple
Layer material.
Background technique
When aircraft flight under the conditions of icing meteorology, wing, air intake duct, windshield, antenna house, gauge sensor etc.
The windward side of component can freeze due to the shock of the super-cooling waterdrop in atmosphere, accumulation or water vapour are sublimated.Icing not only increases
Aircraft weight more seriously destroys aerodynamic configuration, affects aerodynamic characteristics, will cause airfoil lift decline, engine
The pneumatic deterioration such as thrust loss, maneuverability and stability seriously threatens flight safety generation, or even directly results in pendant
Machine.To guarantee flight safety, design is usually required on aircraft and prevents/deicing system.
The icing guard technology of aircraft can be divided into anti-icing technology and two class of clearing ice technology.The function of anti-icing technology is anti-stagnant ice
The forming core of aircraft surfaces with gather, main method includes: in ground spray chemical reagent, to reduce the change of surface water chill point
Method；Heating improves anti-ice face temperature, with the electric heating method for hindering super-cooling waterdrop to freeze.The function of clearing ice technology is by adding
Heat is melted or structural deformation destroys the attachment state between ice sheet and body surface, keeps ice sheet broken and in aerodynamic force or centrifugation
Power effect is lower to be removed, and main method includes: that the Pneumatic method of ice sheet is destroyed by balloon element inflation；Pass through electric heating, hair
Motivation discharges the thermal methods of the infrared facility heating and melting ice sheet (especially ice sheet attachment portion) on hot-air or ground.
Ground spray chemical reagent not only has certain pollution to environment, but also can only implement on ground, there is certain office
It is sex-limited；Air bag deicing is easily destroyed aerodynamic shape and increases resistance, and is not thorough；It is increased by engine bleed deicing
Engine burden；The anti-deicing of electric heating has both anti-icing, deicing function, and low energy consumption, deicing effect is good and is convenient for control, it has also become anti-/
Deicing system important trend.Electric heating is anti-/ and clearing ice technology is that electric calorifie installation is installed within exterior skin, it is hot after electrified regulation
Amount is transmitted " from inside to outside ", and thawing ice sheet is attached to the part of body surface, is allowed to generate " desorption ".Meanwhile the skill
Art can realize anti-icing, deicing function integration by same covering device.
Aircraft electric heating is anti-/ and the physical mechanism of deicing system is the joule thermal effect of electric heating element material in the energized state
It answers, core element is electric heating element.What presently disclosed patent 201720077351.1 and 201720078408.X were generallyd use
Electric heating element material is mostly metal alloy, thermal sensitive ceramics and conductive fiber.The housing constructions such as metal electric heating body and insulating layer are deposited
Difference and higher interface resistance in the coefficient of expansion, are also easy to produce higher thermal stress and structure thermal mismatching；Thermal sensitive ceramics brittleness
Height, processing performance are bad, it is difficult to meet the needs of aeronautical material is to shock resistance and fatigue performance；Conductive fiber has preferably
Flexibility, but its uniformity be difficult to control, and be also easy to produce hot-spot influence temperature manipulation.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide a kind of electricity of high-efficiency soft
Heat prevents/deicing plied timber.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of high-efficiency soft electric heating is anti-/ and deicing plied timber is successive substrates construction using flexible high dielectric high molecular material
Vague interface multi-layer structure, including bottom insulation thermal insulation layer, middle part electric heating function layer, top thermal insulation layer, three-layered node
Structure is using the flexible high dielectric high molecular material of same system as matrix.
Further, the bottom insulation thermal insulation layer is a kind of using the high dielectric of flexibility made of organosilicon and curing agent
High molecular material.
Further, the bottom insulation thermal insulation layer the production method is as follows: by organosilicon with its curing agent with certain
Ratio be mixed evenly, be put into vacuum oven, vacuumize bubble removing, at 80-160 DEG C solidify 1-8 h, obtain bottom
Portion's insulated thermal insulating layer.In general the dosage of organosilicon and its curing agent selects corresponding curing agent according to the type of organosilicon,
And determine corresponding dosage, select organosilicon commonly used in the art and its corresponding curing agent to be mixed i.e. in the present invention
It can.
Further, the middle part electric heating function layer is the flexible Gao Jie using carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure network as heater
Electric high molecular material is matrix.
Further, the carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure network is with graphene, carbon nanotube, carbon nano-fiber or other
The network structure for the three-dimensional communication that electrical-conductive nanometer material is constituted；By physically or chemically being adulterated to carbon material, described in adjusting
The electron transfer rate and carrier concentration of carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure network improve the thermal efficiency.
Further, the making step of the middle part electric heating function layer is as follows,
(1) it is in mass ratio (0-1) by graphene oxide, graphene, oxide/carbon nanometer tube, carbon nanotube: (0-1):
(0-1): (0-1) is uniformly mixed the aqueous solution for being configured to that concentration is 2-10mg/mL, and every 20ml solution adds the poly- second of 0.2g
Obtained precursor liquid is freezed 1-2h at (- 80)~(- 60) DEG C, is then dried in vacuo by enol, then respectively 200 DEG C,
Carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure network is made in 600 DEG C, 1050 DEG C of pyrolysis 0.5-2h, 0.5-2h, 0.5-2h；
(2) organosilicon and its curing agent are mixed evenly in certain proportion, are put into vacuum oven, vacuumized and remove
Bubble is taken out spare after eliminating completely；
(3) the carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure network that step (1) prepares is put into mold, step is made using vacuum infiltration method
(2) gained organosilicon mixture fully penetrates into carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure network；
(4) the carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure network of infiltration saturation is put into baking oven, solidifies 1-8h at 80-160 DEG C, obtains
Portion's electric heating function layer.
Further, the urea of the 5-50% of solution quality can also be added in precursor liquid described in step (1) or receive
Rice silver wire carries out atom doped technology adjusting, improves heating efficiency.
Further, after precursor liquid ultrasound 10-20min described in step (1), ethylenediamine (0.1~10 is added
Wt.%), in 100-120 DEG C of reaction 8-16h, product is dialysed 36-54h, is finally freeze-dried and carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure net is made
Network.
Further, the top thermal insulation layer be using flexible high dielectric high molecular material as matrix, high heat conductance,
The material of high-dielectric coefficient is thermally conductive function phase, and the thermally conductive materials containing functional phases include aluminium nitride, aluminium nitride whisker, nitridation
The one or more of boron, silicon nitride, boron oxide.
Further, the top thermal insulation layer the preparation method is as follows: by organosilicon and high heat conductance, Gao Jie electricity
The thermally conductive functional material of coefficient is mixed evenly, and the curing agent for adding corresponding ratio stirs evenly, and vacuumizes bubble removing, so
Solidify 1-8h at 80-160 DEG C afterwards, obtains top insulating heat-conductive layer material；The additional amount of the thermally conductive functional material is
The 5-40wt.% of organosilicon.
Further, the bottom insulation thermal insulation layer, middle part electric heating function layer and top thermal insulation layer are separately formed
Afterwards, use organosilicon as adhesive, solidifying 1-8h at 80-160 DEG C, three functional layers are bonded together
Further, the organosilicon includes one kind or several of silicon rubber PDMS, 107 silicon rubber and organic siliconresin
Kind.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
It (1) the use of carbon nanometer three-dimensional net structure is high-efficiency heater, light soft, heating rate is fast, can adapt to height
The different demands of low temperature.The carrier concentration and carrier mobility rate that carbon nanomaterial is adjusted by atom doped technology, add
The strong electric conductivity of material, realizes the controllable of electric heating function.In addition, and flexible high molecular material combination, enhance composite wood
Expect flexibility and mechanical performance, meets aerospace impact resistance and anti-fatigue performance.This structure can be according to macroscopic view simultaneously
Construction profile demand is designed and processes；
(2), as continuous substrate, the multi-layer knot of vague interface is constituted using with the high dielectric flexible high molecular material of system
The problem of structure, no thermal coefficient, expansion coefficient difference, will not make structural mismatch because of temperature stress；And this structure can be effective
Interface contact resistance is reduced, keeps homogeneous heating reliable, improves heating efficiency
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is plied timber structural schematic diagram of the invention
Shown in figure label:
Bottom insulation thermal insulation layer 1, middle part electric heating function layer 2, top thermal insulation layer 3
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1
Step 1: preparation bottom insulation thermal insulation layer 1.
Dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS) is mixed evenly with its curing agent with 10:1 mass ratio, vacuum drying is put into
Case vacuumizes bubble removing, and the temperature of vacuum oven is arranged after bubble eliminates completely, and it is exhausted to obtain bottom by 100 DEG C of solidification 1h
Edge thermal insulation layer.
Step 2: preparation middle part electric heating function layer 2.
(1) by graphene oxide and oxide/carbon nanometer tube in different proportions (1:0-0:1) be uniformly mixed be configured to difference
The aqueous solution of concentration (2-10mg/mL), every 20ml solution add 0.2g polyvinyl alcohol (purpose be enhancing reduction after reduction
Graphene oxide intensity), freeze-drying precursor solution is obtained after being completely dissolved.Precursor liquid is freezed 2 hours at -70 DEG C,
Then it is dried in vacuo.After the completion, it is tentatively pyrolyzed at 600 DEG C, then in 1050 DEG C of second of pyrolysis, reduction-oxidation graphite
It is obtained while alkene three-dimensional porous carbon nano-structured.
(2) dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS) is mixed evenly with its curing agent with 10:1 mass ratio, is put into vacuum
Drying box vacuumizes bubble removing, takes out after eliminating completely spare.
(3) by prepare three-dimensional it is carbon nano-structured be put into mold, thereon cover one layer of above-mentioned PDMS, using vacuum infiltration
Method makes PDMS fully penetrate into carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure, repeats above-mentioned vacuum infiltration process and sucks not until until PDMS.
(4) the carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure that above-mentioned vacuum infiltration is saturated is put into baking oven, 100 DEG C of solidification 1h.End to be solidified
After obtain middle part electric heating function layer.
Step 3: preparation top thermal insulation layer 3.
First PDMS and 5-40% aluminium nitride, aluminium nitride whisker, boron nitride, silicon nitride, boron oxide are mixed evenly, then
Curing agent (10wt.%) is added to stir evenly, vacuumizes bubble removing, the temperature of vacuum oven is set after bubble eliminates completely
Degree, 100 DEG C of solidification 1h obtain top insulating heat-conductive layer material.
After the completion of three functional layers are prepared respectively, preparation is applied to using a small amount of PDMS (curing agent being added, removed bubble)
Below good top thermal insulation layer 3 and the upper surface of bottom insulation thermal insulation layer 1, according to bottom insulation thermal insulation layer, middle part electric heating
Functional layer and top thermal insulation layer are successively put well (as shown in Figure 1), and pressure fixing is applied, and 100 DEG C of solidification 1h can be prepared by
Flexible high-efficiency electric heating prevents/deicing multi-layer material.
The laminated face direction elongation rate of tensile failure 136% of the material parallel, under 30V voltage, under 0 DEG C of environment temperature, insulation is led
Thermosphere surface temperature can keep 66 DEG C.
Embodiment 2
Preparation method in the present embodiment is same as Example 1, and difference is only that the step of preparation middle part electric heating function layer 2
Suddenly in (2), the urea of the 5-50% of solution quality is additionally added in freeze-drying precursor liquid, stirs evenly；By mixed liquor-
70 DEG C of freezing 2h, are then dried in vacuo.After the completion, in N2200 DEG C of 1 h of pyrolysis in atmosphere, it is therefore an objective to keep N atom doped and aoxidize
On the carbon skeleton of graphene/carbon nano-tube；Then in 900 DEG C of second of pyrolysis 0.5h, remaining urea is removed；Finally 1050
Thorough redox graphene at DEG C obtains atom doped three-dimensional porous carbon nano-structured of N.
The laminated face direction elongation rate of tensile failure 112% of the material parallel, under 30V voltage, under 0 DEG C of environment temperature, insulation is led
Thermosphere surface temperature can keep 71 DEG C.
Embodiment 3
Preparation method in the present embodiment is identical as 2 purpose of embodiment, is all the graphene three-dimensional structure for preparing N doping:
After graphene/carbon nano-tube solution ultrasound 15min, micro ethylenediamine (0.5wt.%) is added, is transferred to water heating kettle, again
It is put into baking oven after ultrasonic 10min, 120 DEG C of reaction 14h dialyse product 2d；Finally freeze-drying obtains required product.
The laminated face direction elongation rate of tensile failure 121% of the material parallel, under 30V voltage, under 0 DEG C of environment temperature, insulation is led
Thermosphere surface temperature can keep 58 DEG C.
Embodiment 4
Preparation method in the present embodiment is same as Example 1, and difference is only that the step of preparation middle part electric heating function layer 2
Suddenly it in (2), is freeze-dried in precursor liquid at it and silver nanowires (5-50wt.%) is added additionally to enhance its electric conductivity.
The laminated face direction elongation rate of tensile failure 98% of the material parallel, under 30V voltage, under 0 DEG C of environment temperature, insulating heat-conductive
Layer surface temperature can keep 73 DEG C.
Embodiment 5
Preparation method in the present embodiment is same as Example 1, and difference is only that in step (1), uses graphene and carbon
Precursor liquid of the nanofiber mixed solution as freeze-drying.
The laminated face direction elongation rate of tensile failure 105% of the material parallel, under 30V voltage, under 0 DEG C of environment temperature, insulation is led
Thermosphere surface temperature can keep 55 DEG C.
Embodiment 6
Preparation method in the present embodiment is same as Example 1, and difference only changes 107 silicon rubbers into PDMS and its curing agent
Glue and curing agent to application amount, 50 DEG C of solidification temperature, time 1h.
The laminated face direction elongation rate of tensile failure 125% of the material parallel, under 30V voltage, under 0 DEG C of environment temperature, insulation is led
Thermosphere surface temperature can keep 63 DEG C.
Embodiment 7
Preparation method in the present embodiment is same as Example 1, and difference only changes epoxy silicon tree into PDMS and its curing agent
Rouge and curing agent to application amount；For the toughness of reinforcing material, some softcure agent need to be added；First 110 DEG C of heating 2h, then
Solidify 5h at 150 DEG C.
The laminated face direction elongation rate of tensile failure 162% of the material parallel, under 30V voltage, under 0 DEG C of environment temperature, insulation is led
Thermosphere surface temperature can keep 58 DEG C.
Embodiment 8
Preparation method in the present embodiment is same as Example 1, and difference is only that the step of preparation middle part electric heating function layer 2
Suddenly it is used in (2) and the same thermally conductive functional material of top thermal insulation layer 3 is first uniformly mixed with PDMS, add curing agent,
Vacuum degassing bubble；It is then filled in carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure.Purpose is to keep composite material heating conduction more preferable.
The laminated face direction elongation rate of tensile failure 118% of the material parallel, under 30V voltage, under 0 DEG C of environment temperature, insulation is led
Thermosphere surface temperature can keep 65 DEG C.
Embodiment 9
Preparation method in the present embodiment is same as Example 1, and difference is step 1: preparing bottom insulation thermal insulation layer 1
When, solidification temperature is 80 DEG C, time 1h；When second step preparation middle part electric heating function layer 2, -80 DEG C of precursor solution freezings
0.5h,；When third step preparation top thermal insulation layer 3, solidification temperature is 80 DEG C, time 1h.Three functional layers have been prepared respectively
Cheng Hou, solidification temperature are 80 DEG C, time 1h.
Embodiment 10
Preparation method in the present embodiment is same as Example 1, and difference is step 1: preparing bottom insulation thermal insulation layer 1
When, solidification temperature is 160 DEG C, time 8h；When second step preparation middle part electric heating function layer 2, -60 DEG C of precursor solution freezings
2h,；When third step preparation top thermal insulation layer 3, solidification temperature is 160 DEG C, time 8h.Three functional layers prepare completion respectively
Afterwards, solidification temperature is 160 DEG C, time 8h.
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention has already been described in detail above, it is understood that having read of the invention above-mentioned say
After awarding content, those skilled in the art can make various modifications or changes to the present invention.Such equivalent forms equally fall within this
Apply for the appended claims limited range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high-efficiency soft electric heating prevents/deicing plied timber, which is characterized in that the plied timber is with flexible high dielectric high score
Sub- material is the vague interface multi-layer structure of successive substrates construction, including bottom insulation thermal insulation layer, middle part electric heating function layer, top
Portion's thermal insulation layer, three-decker is using the flexible high dielectric high molecular material of same system as matrix.
2. a kind of high-efficiency soft electric heating according to claim 1 prevents/deicing plied timber, which is characterized in that the bottom
Portion's insulated thermal insulating layer is a kind of using the high dielectric high molecular material of flexibility made of organosilicon and curing agent.
3. a kind of high-efficiency soft electric heating according to claim 2 prevents/deicing plied timber, which is characterized in that the bottom
Portion's insulated thermal insulating layer the production method is as follows: organosilicon is put into vacuum oven with its curing agent to be mixed evenly, take out
Vacuum degassing bubble, solidifies 1-8h at 80-160 DEG C, obtains bottom insulation thermal insulation layer.
4. a kind of high-efficiency soft electric heating according to claim 1 prevents/deicing plied timber, which is characterized in that in described
Portion's electric heating function layer is using carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure network as heater, and flexible high dielectric high molecular material is matrix.
5. a kind of high-efficiency soft electric heating according to claim 4 prevents/deicing plied timber, which is characterized in that the carbon
Nanometer three-dimensional structure network is that the three-dimensional constituted with graphene, carbon nanotube, carbon nano-fiber or other electrical-conductive nanometer materials connects
Logical network structure；By physically or chemically being adulterated to carbon material, the electronics of the carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure network is adjusted
Migration rate and carrier concentration improve the thermal efficiency.
6. a kind of high-efficiency soft electric heating according to claim 4 or 5 prevents/deicing plied timber, which is characterized in that described
The making step of middle part electric heating function layer is as follows,
(1) it is in mass ratio (0-1) by graphene oxide, graphene, oxide/carbon nanometer tube, carbon nanotube: (0-1): (0-1):
(0-1) is uniformly mixed the aqueous solution for being configured to that concentration is 2-10mg/mL, and every 20ml solution adds the polyvinyl alcohol of 0.2g, will
Obtained precursor liquid freezes 1-2h at (- 80)~(- 60) DEG C, is then dried in vacuo 48h or more；After the completion of drying, then divide
Not in 200 DEG C, 600 DEG C, 1050 DEG C of pyrolysis 0.5-2h, 0.5-2h, 0.5-2h, carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure network is made；
(2) by organosilicon with its curing agent to be mixed evenly, be put into vacuum oven, vacuumize bubble removing, to remove completely
It is taken out after to the greatest extent spare；
(3) the carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure network that step (1) prepares is put into mold, step (2) institute is made using vacuum infiltration method
It obtains organosilicon mixture and fully penetrates into carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure network；
(4) the carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure network of infiltration saturation is put into baking oven, solidifies 1-8h at 80-160 DEG C, obtain middle part electricity
Hot merit ergosphere.
7. a kind of high-efficiency soft electric heating according to claim 6 prevents/deicing plied timber, which is characterized in that step (1) institute
The urea or nano-silver thread that the 5-50% of solution quality can also be added in the precursor liquid stated carry out atom doped technology adjusting,
Improve heating efficiency.
8. a kind of high-efficiency soft electric heating according to claim 6 prevents/deicing plied timber, which is characterized in that step (1) institute
After the precursor liquid ultrasound 10-20min stated, 0.1~10wt.% of ethylenediamine is added, in 100-120 DEG C of reaction 8-16h, by product
Dialyse 36-54h, is finally freeze-dried and carbon nanometer three-dimensional structure network is made.
9. a kind of high-efficiency soft electric heating according to claim 1 prevents/deicing plied timber, which is characterized in that the top
Portion's thermal insulation layer be using flexible high dielectric high molecular material as matrix, high heat conductance, high-dielectric coefficient material be thermally conductive function
Energy phase, the thermally conductive materials containing functional phases include one kind or several of aluminium nitride, aluminium nitride whisker, boron nitride, silicon nitride, boron oxide
Kind.
10. a kind of high-efficiency soft electric heating according to claim 8 prevents/deicing plied timber, which is characterized in that the top
Portion's thermal insulation layer stirs the preparation method is as follows: organosilicon is mixed with the thermally conductive functional material of high heat conductance, high-dielectric coefficient
It mixes uniformly, the curing agent for adding corresponding ratio stirs evenly, and vacuumizes bubble removing, then solidify 1-8h at 80-160 DEG C,
Obtain top insulating heat-conductive layer material；The additional amount of the thermally conductive functional material is the 5-40wt.% of organosilicon.
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