CN109530955A - The welding technological properties evaluating apparatus and method of gas shield welding wire - Google Patents
The welding technological properties evaluating apparatus and method of gas shield welding wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN109530955A CN109530955A CN201811465450.2A CN201811465450A CN109530955A CN 109530955 A CN109530955 A CN 109530955A CN 201811465450 A CN201811465450 A CN 201811465450A CN 109530955 A CN109530955 A CN 109530955A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
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- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses the welding technological properties evaluating apparatus and method of a kind of gas shield welding wire, institute's art device includes high-speed camera and optical lightscreening system, secondary light source, gas shield welding welding system, arc voltage and welding current sensor, signal synchronous recording instrument, computer etc.；Institute's art method is using the welding image in high-speed camera and signal synchronous recording instrument synchronous acquisition gas shield welding wire welding process to be checked, arc voltage and welding current, and signal processing is carried out by computer, detect the standard deviation of arc voltage and welding current, mode of metal transfer, size and frequency, spatter form and generation number, the angle of wetting and symmetry of postwelding section of weld joint are measured simultaneously, detect the arc stability of gas shield welding wire respectively, droplet transfer behavior and molten bath mobility, the welding technological properties of gas shield welding wire is finally evaluated according to these three indexs.The present invention is applied widely, accuracy is high, implementation cost is low, good reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to welding technology fields, refer in particular to a kind of welding usability for gas metal-arc welding welding wire
It can evaluation method and device.
Background technique
Consumable electrode gas protection welding method (abbreviation consumable electrode gas shield welding) is a kind of under activity or inert gas shielding,
The arc welding method of welding wire and workpiece base metals is melted using the arc heat generated between welding wire and workpiece.Its welding process
In, welding wire melts under electric arc heat effect forms liquid droplets, and the liquid state molten pool transition on base material in a certain way, finally
Solidification together with the liquid metal to be formed is melted with base material and forms weld seam, to realize the filling to welding groove.
When being welded using the welding wire that different elements composition or different preparation methods obtain, due to its physics and chemically
The difference of energy, finally makes appearance of weld and joint microstructure performance change.Chinese invention patent number is
" ZL200910272653.4 ", entitled " a kind of high-toughness gas shielded welding wire and preparation method thereof and application method " belong to
Welding wire carbon equivalent is controlled in 0.38~0.5% range by adjusting welding wire chemical component in such technology, and uses steel
Water desulfurization process, converter or electric furnace smelting, ladle furnace or ladle argon-blown refining, continuous casting, roll, be drawn into silk and etc. made
It is standby, finally 70~90%, CO is accounted in Ar2It accounts under 10~30% rich Ar hybrid protection gas, keeps postwelding weld seam with higher
Toughness.
In fact, soldering wire alloy element composition is different, its arc stability in the welding process, droplet transfer can be changed
The welding technological properties such as behavior, molten bath flow phenomenon.These welding technological properties of welding wire finally affect appearance of weld and connect
Head structure property, therefore the welding quality of consumable electrode gas shield welding and the welding technological properties of welding wire used are closely related.It welded
Cheng Zhong, arc stability, droplet transfer behavior and the variation of molten bath flow process are fast, and artificial eye is difficult to directly quickly capture and supervise
Survey the said welding method performance of welding wire.Existing study mainly evaluates welding wire in terms of welding wire element composition and preparation method two
Metallurgical performance, mechanical property and the processing performance of itself, and the welding technological properties of welding wire is seldom paid close attention to, it eventually leads to newly developed
The welding technological properties difference or unstable of welding wire, and it is difficult to market-oriented popularization and application.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is being directed to the incomplete problem of gas shield welding wire performance evaluation, the height of signal acquiring system is utilized
Speed acquisition and quick storage advantage, propose that a kind of implementation cost is low, applied widely, accuracy is high, the gas shield welding of good reliability
Welding wire welding technological properties evaluation method and device.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical side of the welding technological properties evaluating apparatus of gas shield welding wire proposed by the present invention
Case is: the gas shield welding wire welding technological properties evaluating apparatus includes including high-speed camera and optical lightscreening system, auxiliary
Light source one, secondary light source two, gas shield welding welding system, arc voltage sensor, welding current sensor, signal synchronous recording instrument
And computer, wherein the gas shield welding welding system is by the source of welding current, wire-feed motor, gas shield welding welding gun, welding moving trolley and weldering
Workpiece composition is connect, two output cables of the source of welding current are welded with fixed on gas shield welding welding gun and welding moving trolley respectively
The workbench electrical connection of workpiece is connect, and is connect with arc voltage sensor and the electrical connection of welding current sensor or electromagnetic coupling,
The optical lightscreening system coaxial is installed on the camera lens of the high-speed camera, the signal synchronous recording instrument respectively with it is described
Arc voltage sensor and welding current sensor and high-speed camera mechatronics, by the electric arc electricity in synchronous acquisition welding process
Signal and arc image signal send the computer to and carry out data processing.
The illuminance when secondary light source one and secondary light source two are halogen light source or xenon source or LED light source is adjusted
Range is 1 × 105~2 × 106Lux, the power regulating range when secondary light source one and secondary light source two are laser light source are
10~102W.The optical lightscreening system is made of UV mirror, dim light mirror and optical filtering, and the transmitance range of the dim light mirror is
1%~80%, the central wavelength range of the optical filtering is 600~1100nm.The gas shield welding wire is solid gas shield welding wire
Or medicine core gas shield welding wire or self-protection flux-cored wire.
The technical solution of the welding technological properties evaluation method of gas shield welding wire proposed by the present invention is: utilizing synchronous recording
Welding image and corresponding arc voltage and welding current in instrument synchronous acquisition gas shield welding wire welding process, then pass through meter
The standard deviation of machine testing arc voltage and welding current signal is calculated to evaluate the arc stability of gas shield welding wire, and detects welding
The interim form, size of molten drop in image, the form of frequency and spatter and number is generated to measure the molten of gas shield welding wire
Transition behavior is dripped, the weld seam angle of wetting θ and section of weld joint for additionally measuring gas shield welding wire shape symmetry KsIt is protected to evaluate gas
The molten bath mobility of welding wire is finally commented with three arc stability, droplet transfer behavior and molten bath mobility indexs to integrate
The welding technological properties of valence gas shield welding wire.
The welding technological properties evaluation method of the gas shield welding wire, it is characterized in that: including following specific steps:
1. arc voltage and welding current, welding image in synchronous acquisition gas shield welding wire welding process, shooting gas is protected
The section of weld joint of welding wire postwelding shapes photo；
2. passing through the transition of molten drop in the standard deviation sigma of COMPUTER DETECTION arc voltage and welding current signal, welding image
Form, size, the form of frequency and spatter, generate number and weld seam angle of wetting θ in section of weld joint forming photo and
Section of weld joint shapes symmetry Ks；
3. according to step 2. testing result, evaluation and determine the arc stability of gas shield welding wire, droplet transfer behavior and
Molten bath mobility specifically includes following evaluation index:
A, when the standard deviation sigma of the arc voltage of detection and welding current signal≤10, determine the electric arc of gas shield welding wire
Stability is good；Arc voltage and when the 10 < σ≤15 of standard deviation of welding current signal, determines the arc stability of gas shield welding wire
It is good；Arc voltage and when the standard deviation sigma > 15 of welding current signal, determines that the arc stability of gas shield welding wire is poor；
B, when the drop transition angle α of gas shield welding wire fusing is within the scope of -20 °~+20 °, gas shield welding wire melts shape
At drop be molten drop, otherwise determine gas shield welding wire melt the drop to be formed for spatter；
C, when in the welding image gas shield welding wire end be that pencil is pointed, and in thin-line-shaped to molten bath transition, welding
It splashes and generates 10 times/s of number <, determine that gas shield welding wire is now in spray transfer state, droplet transfer behavior is stablized；It is described
Transition is to molten bath transition in the form of drop-wise for molten drop in welding image, and molten drop average cross-sectional dimension≤gas shield welding wire is transversal
Area, transition frequency > 120Hz of molten drop, spatter generate 10 times/s of number <, determine that gas shield welding wire is now in carefully
Particle transition state, droplet transfer behavior are stablized；Molten drop transition in the form of drop-wise is and molten to molten bath transition in the welding image
It drips the cross-sectional area of average cross-sectional dimension > gas shield welding wire, transition frequency < 120Hz of molten drop, spatter and generates number
20 times/s of 10 times/s of > and < determines that gas shield welding wire is now in bulky grain transition state, droplet transfer behavior meta-stable；Institute
Molten drop in welding image is stated to interlock in the form of two kinds of drop-wise and short circuit to molten bath transition, and the molten drop sectional area of drop-wise form transition
Cross-sectional area, the spatter of size > gas shield welding wire generate 20 times/s of number >, and it is mixed to determine that gas shield welding wire is now in
Transition state is closed, droplet transfer behavior is unstable；Molten drop and welds and flies with short circuit mode to molten bath transition in the welding image
It splashes and generates 20 times/s of number >, determine that gas shield welding wire is now in short circuiting transfer state, droplet transfer behavior is unstable；
D, when in the welding image spatter generated in a manner of balloon burst, determine spatter for gas burst fly
It splashes, the alloying component of gas shield welding wire is also easy to produce gas and low melting point chemical element is more；Spatter produces in the welding image
Life determines that spatter is that short circuit is splashed during arc short circuit；
E, when the section of weld joint of weld seam angle of wetting θ≤40 ° of the gas shield welding wire and gas shield welding wire shapes symmetry
KsWhen being 0.8~1.2, gas shield welding wire molten bath good fluidity at this time is determined；The weld seam angle of wetting θ > of the gas shield welding wire
The section of weld joint of 40 ° and gas shield welding wire shapes symmetry Ks< 0.8 or KsWhen > 1.2, gas shield welding wire molten bath at this time is determined
Poor fluidity.
The section of weld joint of the gas shield welding wire shapes symmetry KsDetection method be lift first gas shield welding wire weldering
The left molten wide B that seam section shapes the fusion penetration H on photo and divided by fusion penetration H1With right molten wide B2, then according to Ks=B1/B2It calculates
Gas shield welding wire section of weld joint shapes symmetry Ks。
The 1. middle synchronous acquisition gas shield welding wire welding of the step of welding technological properties evaluation method of above-mentioned gas shield welding wire
Arc voltage and welding current, welding image in the process comprises the following specific steps that:
1. the welding workpiece to match with gas shield welding wire to be detected is fixed on welding moving trolley workbench, adjust
Height of the gas shield welding welding gun lower end apart from welding workpiece upper surface, the gas shield welding wire to be detected for sending out wire-feed motor are protected across gas
Ignition tip tip lengths L is stretched out for 12~25mm after welding welding gun, and arc voltage and the welding that source of welding current output is then arranged are electric
Stream, shield gas flow rate and welding speed Vw；
2. secondary light source two focuses the end of alignment gas shield welding wire from the two sides of gas shield welding wire in opposite directions by high-speed camera
Portion, and fall into the hot spot of secondary light source two in the camera lens of high-speed camera, be then respectively set aperture in high-speed camera,
The signal sampling of camera exposure time, welding image sample frequency and size, optical lightscreening system and signal synchronous recording instrument
Frequency adjusts the output intensity of secondary light source；
3. the closure source of welding current opens weldering switch, conveying welding protective gas and the electric arc that ignites, driving welding moving trolley
Welding workpiece is dragged with welding speed VwIt is mobile, then trigger high-speed camera and signal synchronous recording instrument synchronous acquisition welding figure
Picture and electric arc electric signal, and be transferred to computer and carry out data processing.
The step of arc voltage and welding current, welding image in above-mentioned synchronous acquisition gas shield welding wire welding process, is 2.
Described in gas shield welding wire welding image acquisition method, can also be welded using high-speed camera and secondary light source one from gas shield welding
The same side of silk focuses the end of alignment gas shield welding wire respectively；Or it is being protected using high-speed camera and secondary light source two from gas
It is poly- from this side of high-speed camera using secondary light source one while the two sides of welding wire focus alignment gas shield welding wire end in opposite directions
The end of coke alignment gas shield welding wire；Or secondary light source one and secondary light source two are not used, using electric arc itself as light source,
Welding image is acquired in a manner of passive vision.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
It (1) can be all-sidedly and accurately by three arc stability, droplet transfer behavior and molten bath mobility evaluation indexes
The welding technological properties of gas shield welding wire is evaluated, evaluation result can instruct gas shield welding wire optimizing components, and help to push
The engineer application of gas shield welding wire.
(2) welding position is adjusted, adjusts welding current, arc voltage and speed of welding, and replace the conduction of different pore size
The wire feed rolls and different types of protective gas of mouth, different-diameter, can meet different gas shield welding wires under the conditions of low cost
Welding technological properties in different welding requirements evaluates demand.
(3) sample frequency of high-speed camera and signal synchronous recording instrument is set, and adjusts the output illumination of secondary light source
Degree can advantageously monitor arc stability of the different gas shield welding wires under different welding surroundings, droplet transfer behavior, molten bath
The fast-changing welding wire welding technological properties feature such as flow behavior.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the welding technological properties evaluating apparatus schematic diagram of gas shield welding wire of the invention.
Fig. 2 is gas shield welding wire molten drop and spatter detection schematic diagram.
Schematic diagram when Fig. 3 is gas shield welding wire molten drop drop-wise transition.
Schematic diagram when Fig. 4 is gas shield welding wire molten drop spray transfer.
Schematic diagram when Fig. 5 is gas shield welding wire short circuiting transfer.
Fig. 6 is gas shield welding wire section of weld joint forming schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is solid gas shield welding wire welding technological properties detection example.
Fig. 8 is medicine core gas shield welding wire welding technological properties detection example.
Fig. 9 is gas burst splashing detection example.
In Fig. 1: 1-high-speed camera, 2-optical lightscreening systems, 3-secondary light sources one, 4-secondary light sources two, 5-welderings
Connect power supply, 6-wire-feed motors, 7-gas shield welding welding guns, 8-gas shield welding wires, 9-electric arcs, 10-molten drops, 11-welding workpieces,
12-welding moving trolleys, 13-arc voltage sensors, 14-welding current sensors, 15-signal synchronous recording instrument,
16-computers, 22-protective gas, 23-gas shield welding welding systems, Y-welding direction.
In Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6: 17-molten drop movement routines, 18-spatters, 19-spatters are mobile
Path, 20-weld seams, 21-welding images, 24-molten baths, 25-section of weld joint shape photo, Vw- speed of welding, α-drop
Transition angle, H-fusion penetration, B1- left molten wide, B2- right molten wide, θ-angle of wetting.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiments,
All technical solutions formed using equivalents or replacement, within that scope of the present invention.
The solid or medicine core gas shield welding wire (8) for being 0.8~1.6mm for diameter range, gas shield welding proposed by the present invention
The welding technological properties evaluating apparatus of welding wire is as shown in Figure 1.The device specifically include high-speed camera 1, optical lightscreening system 2,
Secondary light source 1, secondary light source 24, gas shield welding welding system 23, arc voltage sensor 13, welding current sensor 14, letter
Number synchronous recording instrument 15 and computer 16, the gas shield welding welding system 23 by the source of welding current 5, wire-feed motor 6, gas shield welding welding gun 7,
Moving trolley 12 and welding workpiece 11 is welded to constitute, two output cables of the source of welding current 5 respectively with gas shield welding welding gun 7
With welding moving trolley 12 on be fixedly welded workpiece 11 workbench electrical connection, and with arc voltage sensor 13 and welding current
Sensor 14 keeps electrical connection or electromagnetic coupling connection, and the optical lightscreening system 2 being made of UV mirror, dim light mirror and optical filtering is coaxial
It is installed on the camera lens of high-speed camera 1, the signal synchronous recording instrument 15 passes through the arc voltage sensor 13 and welding
Electric arc electric signal and arc image signal in 1 synchronous acquisition welding process of current sensor 14 and high-speed camera, and transmit
Data processing is carried out to computer 16.
Before weldering, the welding workpiece 11 to match with gas shield welding wire 8 to be detected is fixed on to the work of welding moving trolley 12
Make on platform, adjusts height of 7 lower end of gas shield welding welding gun apart from 11 upper surface of welding workpiece, the gas to be detected for sending out wire-feed motor 6
Shield welding wire 8 can stretch out ignition tip tip lengths L after passing through gas shield welding welding gun 7 for 12~25mm.According to gas shield welding wire 8
Type and its welding requirements, the arc voltage and welding current, the type of protective gas 22 and stream that the setting source of welding current 5 exports
Amount, and the welding speed V of outputw.It can also be inert gas that welding protective gas 22 used, which can be active gases, work as gas
When shield welding wire 8 is self-protection flux-cored wire, when welding, is then not necessarily to send welding protective gas 22 in advance.
To enable high-speed camera 1 to collect clearly welding image 21, the present invention is higher than 9 arc of electric arc using luminous intensity
The secondary light source 1 and (or) secondary light source 24 of light simultaneously cooperate optical lightscreening system 2 to improve the contrast of welding image 21,
To highlight the molten drop 10 and spatter 18 in welding image 21.In addition, also making simultaneously using electric arc 9 itself as light source
With optics filter system 2, welding image 21 is acquired in a manner of passive vision.Optical lightscreening system 2 used includes UV mirror, penetrates
Rate range be 1%~80% dim light mirror and central wavelength 600~1100nm range optical filtering.When use secondary light source one
3 or when secondary light source 24, it is 1 × 10 that secondary light source 1 or secondary light source 24 used, which can be illuminance adjustable range,5~2
×106Lux halogen light source or xenon source or LED light source or power regulating range are 10~102W laser light source.
Then, on perpendicular to welding direction Y or along welding direction Y, by high-speed camera 1 and secondary light source 24 from gas
The two sides of shield welding wire 8 focus the end of alignment gas shield welding wire 8 in opposite directions, and so that the hot spot of secondary light source 24 is fallen into high speed and take the photograph
In the camera lens of camera 1.Further, it is also possible to be divided using high-speed camera 1 and secondary light source 1 from the same side of gas shield welding wire 8
Ju Jiao not be directed at the end of gas shield welding wire 8, or using high-speed camera 1 and secondary light source 24 from gas shield welding wire 8
Two sides focus in opposite directions alignment 8 end of gas shield welding wire while, using secondary light source 1 from this side of high-speed camera 1 focus pair
The end of quasi- gas shield welding wire 8.In entire welding process, high-speed camera 1 remains focused on the end of gas shield welding wire 8, from
And clearly welding image 21 can be collected always.The maximum sample frequency of high-speed camera 1 used is 20kHz, maximum point
It is 5 μ s~2s, the maximum sample frequency 100kHz of synchronous recording instrument 15 used that resolution, which is 1696 × 1710, exposure time range,
It is adopted to which the gas shield welding wire welding technological properties evaluating apparatus described in making invent can synchronize always in different welding conditions
Collect clearly welding image 21 and corresponding arc voltage and welding current signal.
According to the welding current of setting and arc voltage and the secondary light source used 1 and (or) secondary light source 24,
1 resolution ratio of high-speed camera, aperture, camera exposure time, welding image sample frequency are set, and configure optical lightscreening system 2,
And the electric arc electric signal sample frequency of signal synchronous recording instrument 15, adjust the defeated of secondary light source 1 and (or) secondary light source 24
Light intensity out.Wherein, the sample frequency of preferably high-speed camera 1 is 8kHz, resolution ratio is 512 × 512, the time for exposure is 30 μ s；
The sample frequency of preferred signals synchronous recording instrument 15 is 40kHz；Preferred optical lightscreening system 2 includes UV mirror, transmitance 5%
Dim light mirror and central wavelength be 808nm optical filtering.
After welding starts, the source of welding current 5 conveys welding protective gas 22 and the electric arc 9 that ignites in advance, and driving welding movement is small
Vehicle 12 drags welding workpiece 11 with welding speed VwAfter mobile 1~6s, high-speed camera 1 and signal synchronous recording instrument are then controlled
15 by setting sampling frequency synchronization acquisition welding image 21 and electric arc electric signal, and is transferred to computer 16.Further, it is also possible to
High-speed camera 1 and secondary light source 1 and (or) secondary light source 24 are fixed on together on gas shield welding welding gun 7 before weldering, welded
Cheng Zhong, driving welding moving trolley 12 drag gas shield welding welding gun 7 and high-speed camera 1 and secondary light source 1 and (or) fill-in light
Source 24 is together with welding speed VwIt is mobile, so that the end of gas shield welding wire 8 can be focused on by making high-speed camera 1 always.
After computer 16 receives welding image 21 and electric arc electric signal from signal synchronous recording instrument 15, electric arc is calculated
Voltage and the respective standard deviation sigma of welding current signal determine when the standard deviation sigma of arc voltage and welding current signal≤10
The arc stability of gas shield welding wire 8 is good；The arc voltage and when the 10 < σ≤15 of standard deviation of welding current signal, determines
The arc stability of gas shield welding wire 8 is good；The arc voltage and when the standard deviation sigma > 15 of welding current signal, determines that gas is protected
The arc stability of welding wire 8 is poor.
Meanwhile computer 16 extracts 8 end profile of gas shield welding wire, molten drop 10 and weldering also from continuous welding image 21
The profile (see Fig. 3) of splashing 18 is connect, and detects the respective movement routine 17 and 19 (see Fig. 3) of the two, and count molten drop 10 in 2s
Interim form, size, the form of frequency and spatter (18) and generate number.As shown in Fig. 2, in order to distinguish gas shield welding weldering
The drop that 8 fusing of silk is formed is molten drop 10 or spatter 18, and the movement routine 17 of present invention detection drop or 19 are protected with gas
The elongated central wire clamp angle of welding wire 8, i.e. drop transition angle α.When within the scope of -20 °≤α≤+ 20 °, gas shield welding wire 8 is determined
The drop that fusing is formed is molten drop 10；As < -20 ° of α or 20 ° of α >, determine the drop that the fusing of gas shield welding wire 8 is formed for weldering
Connect splashing 18.
When 8 end of gas shield welding wire is that pencil is pointed (see Fig. 4), and in thin-line-shaped to 23 transition of molten bath, spatter 18
10 times/s of number < is generated, determines that gas shield welding wire 8 is now in spray transfer state, and droplet transfer behavior is stablized.When molten
Transition is to 23 transition of molten bath (see Fig. 3) in the form of drop-wise for drop 10, and the original of 10 average cross-sectional dimensions of molten drop≤gas shield welding wire 8
Beginning cross-sectional area, transition frequency > 120Hz of molten drop 10, spatter 18 generate 10 times/s of number <, determine gas shield welding wire 8
It is now in fine grained transition state, droplet transfer behavior is stablized.When molten drop 10 in the form of drop-wise transition to 23 transition of molten bath, and
The original cross-sectional area of 10 average cross-sectional dimension > gas shield welding wire 8 of molten drop, transition frequency < 120Hz of molten drop 10, welding
Splash 18 generation 20 times/s of 10 times/s of number > and <, determines that gas shield welding wire 8 is now in bulky grain transition state, molten drop mistake
Cross behavior meta-stable.When molten drop 10 in the form of two kinds of drop-wise and short circuit staggeredly to 23 transition of molten bath, and drop-wise form transition is molten
Drip the original cross-sectional area of 10 cross-sectional dimension > gas shield welding wires 8, spatter 18 generates 20 times/s of number >, judgement gas guarantor
Welding wire 8 is now in mixed transition state, and droplet transfer behavior is unstable.When molten drop 10 with short circuit mode to 23 transition of molten bath
(see Fig. 5), and spatter 18 generates 20 times/s of number >, determines that gas shield welding wire 8 is now in short circuiting transfer state, molten drop
Transition behavior is unstable.
In addition, determining that spatter 18 is gas burst splashing and gas when spatter 18 is generated in a manner of balloon burst
The alloying component of shield welding wire 8 is also easy to produce gas and low melting point chemical element is more.When the generation of spatter 18 is first in 9 short circuit of electric arc
Between after phase and droplet transfer, determine that spatter 18 is that short circuit is splashed.
Postwelding, computer 16 also measure weld seam angle of wetting θ in 8 section of weld joint of gas shield welding wire forming photo 25, by fusion penetration
The left molten wide B of line H segmentation1With right molten wide B2(see Fig. 6), and calculating 8 section of weld joint of gas shield welding wire forming symmetry is Ks=
B1/B2.When weld seam angle of wetting θ≤40 ° of gas shield welding wire 8 and the section of weld joint of gas shield welding wire 8 shapes symmetry KsIt is 0.8
When~1.2, the molten bath good fluidity at this time of gas shield welding wire 8 is determined；40 ° of the weld seam angle of wetting θ > of the gas shield welding wire 8 and
The section of weld joint of gas shield welding wire 8 shapes symmetry Ks< 0.8 or KsWhen > 1.2, determine that gas shield welding wire 8 at this time flow by molten bath
Property is poor.
The technical principle of the welding technological properties evaluation method of gas shield welding wire proposed by the present invention is: in gas shield welding wire
In 8 welding processes, using high-speed camera 1 and 2 synchronous high-speed of signal synchronous recording instrument acquisition welding image 21 and electric arc telecommunications
Number (arc voltage and welding current) detects the standard deviation of arc voltage and welding current signal by computer 16 then to comment
The arc stability of valence gas shield welding wire 8, extract interim form, size and the frequency of molten drop 10, the form of spatter 18 and
Number is generated to measure the droplet transfer behavior of gas shield welding wire 8, weld seam angle of wetting θ is measured and section of weld joint shapes symmetry Ks
The molten bath mobility of gas shield welding wire 8 is evaluated, finally with arc stability, droplet transfer behavior and molten bath mobility three fingers
Mark carrys out the welding technological properties of comprehensive evaluating gas shield welding wire 8.
3 embodiments of the welding technological properties evaluation method of gas shield welding wire of the present invention presented below.
Embodiment 1
It is illustrated in figure 7 the welding technological properties evaluation example of solid gas shield welding wire 8.Experimental condition includes: using number
Word formula CCD high-speed camera 1 and secondary light source 24 are directed at solid gas shield welding wire 8 from the two sides of solid gas shield welding wire 8 respectively in opposite directions
End；It is 4 × 10 that the secondary light source 24, which is illuminance,5The xenon source of Lux, 1 f-number F of high-speed camera be 1/8,
Time for exposure is 10 μ s, resolution ratio is 256 × 256, uses frequency for 7kHz；Matched optical lightscreening system 2 includes a UV
Mirror, the light damping plate that a transmitance is 50%, the optical filtering that a central wavelength is 1100nm；Signal synchronous recording instrument 15 is adopted
Sample frequency is 40kHz；Welding workpiece is mild steel, thickness 20mm；Average welding current is 300A, and average arc voltage is
32.5V welding speed VwFor 30cm/min, it is 18mm, gage of wire 1.2mm, welding that welding wire, which stretches out ignition tip tip lengths L,
Protective gas Ar+20%CO2Flow be 20L/min.
The welding current of the detection of computer 16 and the distribution map of arc voltage are shown such as Fig. 7 (a), in figure welding current and
Arc voltage distribution Relatively centralized.Correspondingly, standard deviation sigma=9.96 of welding current, the standard deviation sigma of arc voltage are calculated
=8.34, and both less than 10, determine the welding arc stablility of solid gas shield welding wire 8 at this time.Fig. 7 (b) show computer 16
The original welding image 21 that high-speed camera 1 is sent is received, it can be clearly seen that gas shield welding wire 8, electric arc from figure
9, molten drop 10 and molten bath 24.After computer 16 receives a frame Fig. 7 (b), image procossing will be carried out to it: firstly, protecting according to gas
8 terminal position of welding wire and the upper surface location in molten bath 24 determine the spatial transition of molten drop 10, as rectangle frame surrounds in Fig. 7 (c)
Region；Then, the region that rectangle frame in Fig. 7 (c) surrounds is intercepted from Fig. 7 (c) and is come out, as shown in Fig. 7 (d)；Then, divide
It is other to Fig. 7 (b) and Fig. 7 (d) be filtered with profile that gas shield welding wire 8 and molten drop 10 are obtained after edge extracting, and gas is protected
The profile of welding wire 8 and molten drop 10 is superimposed together, as a result as shown in Fig. 7 (e), to can determine whether that mode of metal transfer is drop-wise
Transition；Finally, 10 size of molten drop can be measured according to Fig. 7 (e), can be examined by handling the original welding image 21 of two frames
Movement routine 17 or 19 is measured, and measures 20 ° of drop transition angle α=15 ° <, to differentiate what the fusing of gas shield welding wire 8 was formed
Drop is molten drop 10 or spatter 18.Fig. 7 (f), which is shown, to be extracted from the original welding image 21 of 14000 frames of acquisition
10 size of molten drop, change in size is more uniform, and average molten drop sectional area only has 1.06mm2The original cross-sectional of < gas shield welding wire 8
Product 1.13mm2, molten drop transition frequency is 221Hz > 120Hz, and it is therefore 9 times/s <, 10 times/s sentences that spatter, which generates number,
Determine gas shield welding wire 8 and is now in stable fine grained transition state.Fig. 7 (g) show postwelding section of weld joint forming photo, leads to
Cross weld seam angle of wetting θ, the left molten wide B in measurement figure1With right molten wide B2, and according to Ks=B1/B2Calculate 8 weld seam of gas shield welding wire
It is K that section, which shapes symmetry,s=1.08, between 0.8~1.2, and weld seam angle of wetting θ=33 °≤40 ° measured, determine
The molten bath mobility of solid gas shield welding wire 8 is preferable.So far, according to welding arc stablility, the molten drop of solid gas shield welding wire 8
Three metrics evaluations of transition behavior and molten bath mobility are as a result, know the solid gas shield welding wire 8 in selected process conditions
Welding technological properties it is preferable.
Embodiment 2
It is illustrated in figure 8 the welding technological properties evaluation example of medicine core gas shield welding wire 8.Experimental condition includes: using number
Word formula CCD high-speed camera 1 and secondary light source 1 are from the end of the ipsilateral alignment medicine core gas shield welding wire 8 of medicine core gas shield welding wire 8；
The secondary light source 1 is the laser light source that power is 30w, 1 f-number F of high-speed camera is 1/16, time for exposure 25ms,
Resolution ratio is 512 × 512, uses frequency for 8kHz；Matched optical lightscreening system 2 includes a UV mirror, and a transmitance is
50% light damping plate, the optical filtering that a central wavelength is 808nm；The sample frequency of signal synchronous recording instrument 15 is 40kHz；Weldering
Connecing workpiece is mild steel, thickness 20mm；Average welding current is 260A, and average arc voltage is 30V, welding speed VwFor
24cm/min, it is 18mm, gage of wire 1.2mm that welding wire, which stretches out ignition tip tip lengths L, welds protective gas 100%CO2's
Flow is 30L/min.
It show the welding current of the detection of signal processing computer 16 and the distribution map of arc voltage such as Fig. 8 (a), is welded in figure
The intensity of electric current and arc voltage distribution is connect not as good as Fig. 7 (a).Correspondingly, be calculated the standard deviation sigma of welding current=
12.2, standard deviation sigma=10.2 of arc voltage, and both greater than 10, determine the welding arc stablility of medicine core gas shield welding wire 8 at this time
Property to be good.Fig. 8 (b) show computer 16 and receives the original welding image 21 that high-speed camera 1 is sent, can from figure
It can be clearly seen that gas shield welding wire 8, electric arc 9, spatter 18 and molten bath 24.By detection, discovery is detached from gas shield welding wire 8
20 ° of drop transition angle α=117 ° >, therefore, it is determined that the drop is spatter 18.Fig. 8 (c), Fig. 8 (d) are shown from acquisition
10 size of molten drop and transition frequency extracted in the original welding image 21 of 16000 frames, average molten drop sectional area only have 1.96mm2>
The original cross-sectional area 1.13mm of gas shield welding wire 82, molten drop average transition frequency is 113Hz < 120Hz, and spatter generates
Number is 20 times/s of 14 times/s >, 10 times/s and <, therefore, determines that gas shield welding wire 8 is now in the bulky grain transition of meta-stable
State.Fig. 8 (e) show postwelding section of weld joint forming photo, passes through weld seam angle of wetting θ, the left molten wide B in measurement figure1The right side and
Molten wide B2, and according to Ks=B1/B2Calculating 8 section of weld joint of gas shield welding wire forming symmetry is Ks=0.65 < 0.8, and measure
Weld seam angle of wetting θ=38 ° illustrate that the molten bath mobility of solid gas shield welding wire 8 is general close to 40 ° of critical value.So far, root
According to three welding arc stablility of medicine core gas shield welding wire 8, droplet transfer behavior and molten bath mobility metrics evaluations as a result, can
Know that welding technological properties of the medicine core gas shield welding wire 8 in selected process conditions is poor, it is insolid as described in example 1 above
Gas shield welding wire 8 it is good.
Embodiment 3
It is illustrated in figure 9 gas burst splashing detection example, experimental condition is the same as embodiment 1.Wherein, end of welding in Fig. 9 (a)
Portion forms drop, which constantly grows up with the propulsion of time, and internal metallurgy reflection produces bulk gas, so that
Drop is expanded as balloon inflation, sees Fig. 9 (b) and 9 (c).When the surface tension of drop outer surface can not inhibit internal
Gas pressure when, drop explodes, formed gas burst splash, as shown in Fig. 9 (d) and 9 (e).Occur of this sort
Gas burst is splashed, and is reflected that the alloying component of gas shield welding wire is also easy to produce gas and low melting point chemical element is more, is unfavorable for
The stabilization of the big specification welding process of gas shield welding wire 8.
Claims (8)
1. the welding technological properties evaluating apparatus of a kind of gas shield welding wire, it is characterized in that: including that high-speed camera (1) and optics are filtered
Photosystem (2), secondary light source one (3), secondary light source two (4), gas shield welding welding system (23), arc voltage sensor (13),
Welding current sensor (14), signal synchronous recording instrument (15) and computer (16), wherein the gas shield welding welding system (23)
It is made of the source of welding current (5), wire-feed motor (6), gas shield welding welding gun (7), welding moving trolley (12) and welding workpiece (11), it is described
Two output cables of the source of welding current (5) are fixedly welded work on gas shield welding welding gun (7) and welding moving trolley (12) respectively
The workbench of part (11) is electrically connected, and with arc voltage sensor (13) and welding current sensor (14) is electrically connected or electromagnetism coupling
Connection is closed, the optical lightscreening system (2) is coaxially installed on the camera lens of the high-speed camera (1), the synchronous note of the signal
Record instrument (15) is electrically connected with the arc voltage sensor (13) and welding current sensor (14) and high-speed camera (1) respectively
Connect, by synchronous acquisition welding process electric arc electric signal and arc image signal send to the computer (16) carry out data
Processing.
2. the welding technological properties evaluating apparatus of gas shield welding wire according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fill-in light
Illuminance adjustable range when source one (3) and secondary light source two (4) are halogen light source or xenon source or LED light source is 1 × 105
~2 × 106Lux, the power regulating range when secondary light source one (3) and secondary light source two (4) they are laser light source is 10~
102W。
3. the welding technological properties evaluating apparatus of gas shield welding wire according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the optics is filtered
Photosystem (2) is made of UV mirror, dim light mirror and optical filtering, and the transmitance range of the dim light mirror is 1%~80%, the optical filtering
The central wavelength range of mirror is 600~1100nm.
4. the welding technological properties evaluating apparatus of gas shield welding wire according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the gas shield welding
Welding wire (8) is solid gas shield welding wire or medicine core gas shield welding wire or self-protection flux-cored wire.
5. a kind of welding technological properties evaluation method of gas shield welding wire, it is characterized in that: including following specific steps:
1. arc voltage and welding current, welding image (21) in synchronous acquisition gas shield welding wire (8) welding process shoot gas
The section of weld joint of shield welding wire (8) postwelding shapes photo (25)；
2. passing through molten drop in the standard deviation sigma of computer (16) detection arc voltage and welding current signal, welding image (21)
(10) form, generation number and the section of weld joint forming photo of interim form, size, frequency and spatter (18)
(25) weld seam angle of wetting θ and section of weld joint in shape symmetry Ks；
3. evaluation and determining the arc stability of gas shield welding wire (8), droplet transfer behavior and molten according to step 2. testing result
Pond mobility specifically includes following evaluation index:
A, when the standard deviation sigma of the arc voltage of detection and welding current signal≤10, determine that the electric arc of gas shield welding wire (8) is steady
It is qualitative good；Arc voltage and when the 10 < σ≤15 of standard deviation of welding current signal, determines the arc stability of gas shield welding wire (8)
Property is good；Arc voltage and when the standard deviation sigma > 15 of welding current signal, determines that the arc stability of gas shield welding wire (8) is poor；
B, when the drop transition angle α of gas shield welding wire (8) fusing is within the scope of -20 °~+20 °, gas shield welding wire (8) fusing
The drop of formation is molten drop (10), otherwise determines that the drop that gas shield welding wire (8) fusing is formed is spatter (18)；
C, when in the welding image (21) gas shield welding wire (8) end be that pencil is pointed, and in thin-line-shaped to molten bath (23) mistake
It crosses, spatter (18) generates 10 times/s of number <, determines that gas shield welding wire (8) are now in spray transfer state, molten drop mistake
Behavior is crossed to stablize；Transition is to molten bath (23) transition in the form of drop-wise for molten drop (10) in the welding image (21), and molten drop (10)
Transition frequency > 120Hz, the spatter of the cross-sectional area of average cross-sectional dimension≤gas shield welding wire (8), molten drop (10)
(18) 10 times/s of number < is generated, determines that gas shield welding wire (8) are now in fine grained transition state, droplet transfer behavior is steady
It is fixed；Transition is to molten bath (23) transition in the form of drop-wise for molten drop (10) in the welding image (21), and molten drop (10) averga cross section
The product cross-sectional area of size > gas shield welding wire (8), transition frequency < 120Hz of molten drop (10), spatter (18) generate secondary
Number 20 times/s of 10 times/s of > and < determines that gas shield welding wire (8) are now in bulky grain transition state, and droplet transfer behavior is metastable
It is fixed；Molten drop (10) is interlocked in the form of two kinds of drop-wise and short circuit to molten bath (23) transition, and drop-wise shape in the welding image (21)
Cross-sectional area, the spatter (18) of molten drop (10) the cross-sectional dimension > gas shield welding wire (8) of formula transition generate number > 20
Secondary/s determines that gas shield welding wire (8) are now in mixed transition state, and droplet transfer behavior is unstable；The welding image
(21) molten drop (10) is with short circuit mode to molten bath (23) transition in, and spatter (18) generates 20 times/s of number >, determines gas
Shield welding wire (8) is now in short circuiting transfer state, and droplet transfer behavior is unstable；
D, when in the welding image (21) spatter (18) generated in a manner of balloon burst, determine spatter (18) be gas
Body explosion is splashed, the alloying component of gas shield welding wire (8) is also easy to produce gas and low melting point chemical element is more；The welding image
(21) spatter (18) generates during electric arc (9) short circuit in, determines that spatter (18) are that short circuit is splashed；
E, when the forming of the section of weld joint of weld seam angle of wetting θ≤40 ° of the gas shield welding wire (8) and gas shield welding wire (8) is symmetrical
Spend KsWhen between 0.8~1.2, gas shield welding wire (8) molten bath good fluidity at this time is determined；The weldering of the gas shield welding wire (8)
The section of weld joint for stitching 40 ° of angle of wetting θ > and gas shield welding wire (8) shapes symmetry Ks< 0.8 or KsWhen > 1.2, determine that gas is protected
Welding wire (8) molten bath poor fluidity at this time.
6. the welding technological properties evaluation method of gas shield welding wire according to claim 5, it is characterized in that step 3. in
Evaluation index E: the section of weld joint of the gas shield welding wire (8) shapes symmetry KsDetection method be to lift gas shield welding first
The left molten wide B that welding wire (8) section of weld joint shapes the fusion penetration H on photo (25) and divided by fusion penetration H1With right molten wide B2, then basis
Ks=B1/B2It calculates gas shield welding wire (8) section of weld joint and shapes symmetry Ks。
7. the welding technological properties evaluation method of gas shield welding wire according to claim 5, it is characterized in that step 1. in it is same
Arc voltage and welding current, welding image (21) in step acquisition gas shield welding wire (8) welding process include following specific step
It is rapid:
1. the welding workpiece (11) to match with gas shield welding wire to be detected (8) is fixed on welding moving trolley (12) workbench
On, height of gas shield welding welding gun (7) lower end apart from welding workpiece (11) upper surface is adjusted, sends out wire-feed motor (6) to be detected
It is 12~25mm that gas shield welding wire (8), which passes through gas shield welding welding gun (7) to stretch out ignition tip tip lengths L afterwards, then setting welding electricity
The arc voltage and welding current, protective gas (22) flow and welding speed V of source (5) outputw；
2. secondary light source two (4) focuses alignment gas shield welding weldering from the two sides of gas shield welding wire (8) in opposite directions by high-speed camera (1)
The end of silk (8), and fall into the hot spot of secondary light source two (4) in the camera lens of high-speed camera (1), high speed is then respectively set
Aperture, camera exposure time, welding image sample frequency and size, optical lightscreening system (2) in video camera (1), Yi Jixin
The signal sampling frequencies of number synchronous recording instrument (15) adjust the output intensity of secondary light source (4)；
3. the closure source of welding current (5) opens weldering switch, conveying welding protective gas (22) and the electric arc that ignites (9), driving welding is moved
Dynamic trolley (12) dragging welding workpiece (11) is with welding speed VwIt is mobile, then trigger high-speed camera (1) note synchronous with signal
Instrument (15) synchronous acquisition welding image (21) and electric arc electric signal are recorded, and is transferred to computer (16) and carries out data processing.
8. the welding technological properties evaluation method of gas shield welding wire according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: step is 2. described
Welding image (21) acquisition method of gas shield welding wire (8), further include using high-speed camera (1) and secondary light source one (3) from
The same side of gas shield welding wire (8) focuses the end of alignment gas shield welding wire (8) respectively；Or using high-speed camera (1)
With secondary light source two (4) from the two sides of gas shield welding wire (8) in opposite directions focus alignment gas shield welding wire (8) end while, use
Secondary light source one (3) focuses the end of alignment gas shield welding wire (8) from high-speed camera (1) this side；Or fill-in light is not used
Source one (3) and secondary light source two (4) acquire welding image in a manner of passive vision using electric arc (9) itself as light source
(21)。
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