CN109530231B - Solid waste separation treatment device and solid waste comprehensive treatment method - Google Patents
Solid waste separation treatment device and solid waste comprehensive treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109530231B CN109530231B CN201811391568.5A CN201811391568A CN109530231B CN 109530231 B CN109530231 B CN 109530231B CN 201811391568 A CN201811391568 A CN 201811391568A CN 109530231 B CN109530231 B CN 109530231B
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- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 316
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 235
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 160
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
- B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/10—Screens in the form of endless moving bands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/28—Moving screens not otherwise provided for, e.g. swinging, reciprocating, rocking, tilting or wobbling screens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
- B07B4/08—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures are supported by sieves, screens, or like mechanical elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B2201/00—Details applicable to machines for screening using sieves or gratings
- B07B2201/04—Multiple deck screening devices comprising one or more superimposed screens
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a solid waste separation treatment device and a solid waste comprehensive treatment method, which comprise a feeding device, a crushing device, a screening device, a wind power device, a material receiving device, a rack and a material returning and conveying device, wherein the screening device is obliquely arranged on the rack up and down, the screening device screens materials relative to the rack in a vibrating manner, the material receiving device receives screened heavy materials, the material returning and conveying device is arranged below the material receiving device, and the material returning and conveying device conveys the materials of the material receiving device into the feeding device; the wind power device is arranged on one side of the lower end of the screening device, the wind power device blows air to the material screening surface of the screening device, the light materials are moved to one side of the high end of the screening device through the blowing air of the wind power device, solid particles can be effectively and fully crushed, and the light materials and the heavy materials are separated at the same time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solid waste, and particularly relates to a solid waste separation treatment device and a solid waste comprehensive treatment method.
Background
The quantity of solid garbage per year in China already accounts for a large proportion of the total quantity of urban garbage, and the quantity becomes a difficult problem in waste management. With the proposal of building a sustainable energy-saving social theme in China, solid waste recycling equipment is about to develop rapidly at a peak. For a long time, the reutilization of the solid garbage in China does not draw great attention, and the solid garbage is generally transported to the suburbs or rural areas without any treatment and is treated in an open-air stacking or landfill mode. With the vigorous development of urban construction in China, the production amount of solid garbage is increased day by day. The solid garbage is used as a mixture of various building material product wastes and is directly buried without treatment, so that the natural environment on which human beings rely for survival is destroyed, and the solid garbage is also huge waste of resources. Only by taking active measures can the sustainable development of the construction industry be ensured.
Solid waste treatment has become one of the important links of city management, and various solid wastes are inevitably generated in the building construction, maintenance and demolition processes. The material structure of the solid garbage is utilized as a regeneration material, and the method is an effective means for recycling the solid garbage. The light garbage mainly comprises plastic products, water pipe fittings, packaging materials and the like. However, in the existing solid waste treatment system, the sieving and separation mainly aims at relatively pure solid waste, and there is also a considerable manual sorting, in the sieving of the solid waste, for example, soil blocks, wood blocks and the like are easy to sort, but decoration materials such as plastic products, packaging bags and the like are generally easy to cover in the soil blocks and the stone blocks due to small volume and light weight, and are difficult to sort, and the crushed stone blocks, lugs and the like are used as recycling raw materials, and the sufficient crushing is very important, so that the research and development of solid waste sieving equipment should be accelerated in order to economically, efficiently and environmentally treat the solid waste. At present, there is no good solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a solid waste separation treatment device and a solid waste comprehensive treatment method, which can effectively and fully crush solid particles and simultaneously separate light materials and heavy materials.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a solid waste separation treatment device comprises a feeding device, a crushing device, a screening device, a wind power device, a material receiving device, a rack and a return material conveying device, wherein the screening device is arranged on the rack in an up-down inclined mode, the screening device is used for screening materials in a vibration mode relative to the rack, the feeding device is arranged above the screening device, the crushing device is arranged in the feeding device, the material receiving device is arranged on one side of the lower end of the screening device and used for receiving screened heavy materials, the return material conveying device is arranged below the material receiving device, and the return material conveying device is used for conveying the materials of the material receiving device into the feeding device; the wind power device is arranged on one side of the lower end of the screening device, the wind power device blows air to the material screening surface of the screening device, and light materials are displaced to one side of the high end of the screening device through the blowing air of the wind power device.
Furthermore, the screening device comprises a support frame and at least one group of screening mechanisms, the support frame is of a groove-shaped plate body structure with a U-shaped cross section, two ends of the support frame in the length direction are provided with openings, the screening mechanisms are supported and arranged in the U-shaped grooves of the support frame in the length direction of the support frame, and the screening mechanisms and the inner bottom wall of the support frame are arranged at intervals;
the supporting frame is characterized in that at least one group of connecting pieces are arranged on the outer bottom wall of the supporting frame, the supporting frame is connected with the rack through the connecting pieces, at least one group of vibration exciters are arranged between the supporting frame and the rack, and the supporting frame is arranged above the rack through vibration of the vibration exciters.
Furthermore, the screening mechanism comprises a first screening mechanism and a second screening mechanism which are arranged along the inclined direction, the distance between the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism is arranged above the second screening mechanism, the distance between the second screening mechanism and the inner bottom wall of the support frame is arranged, the length of the second screening mechanism is greater than that of the first screening mechanism, the high end of the second screening mechanism is adjacent to the high end of the first screening mechanism, and the other end of the second screening mechanism extends to the material receiving device to the low end along the inclined direction; the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism screen solid materials in multiple stages.
Furthermore, the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism are both belt conveyors, and the rotation directions of the upper surfaces of the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism are low-speed operation from a low end to a high end; the sieve mesh has been all seted up on first screening mechanism, the second screening mechanism, the sieve mesh of first screening mechanism is greater than the sieve mesh of second screening mechanism.
Furthermore, the bottom wall of the support frame and the screening mechanism are arranged in parallel at an interval, and the inner cavity of the support frame is divided into an upper large-particle material channel and a lower small-particle material channel by the screening mechanism; the material separation plate is arranged at a discharge port at the lower end of the support frame, is close to the lower end of the screening mechanism, is spaced from the particle discharge port of the small particle material channel, and separates material particles flowing out of the large particle material channel and the small particle material channel.
Furthermore, receiving device is the equal open-ended box structure in both ends from top to bottom, be provided with a division board in receiving device's the inner chamber, receiving device's inner chamber is separated into first material cavity and the second through the division board and is connect the material cavity, the second connects the adjacent support frame setting of material cavity, just division board butt in material baffle, first material cavity and the discharge gate of large granule material passageway correspond the setting, the second connects the material cavity and the discharge gate of tiny particle material passageway to correspond the setting.
Further, the discharge gate below of tiny particle material passageway is provided with the end material conveyer, the discharge gate below of large granule material passageway is provided with the feed back conveyer, the feed back conveyer transports the large granule material to the feed inlet of feed arrangement of the outflow of large granule material passageway.
The iron removing device further comprises an iron removing assembly, and the iron removing assembly is rotatably arranged at the discharge end on one side of the lower end of the support frame; the deironing subassembly includes pivot, connection pad and magnetism and inhales the piece, the both ends of pivot are erect and are rotated on the mount, two the connection pad is worn to establish in the pivot along axis direction interval, and is a plurality of magnetism is inhaled the piece and is revoluted the setting of rotation circumference array between two connection pads.
Further, still including collecting box and negative pressure device, collect the box structure that the light material discharge gate was seted up to the box for the bottom, collect the box setting in the frame, just collect the discharge end of box setting in screening plant high-end one side, collect the box and correspond screening plant and seted up the light material feed inlet collect the box and seted up a plurality of dust outlet holes on the relative lateral wall of light material feed inlet, the correspondence of dust outlet hole is provided with negative pressure device.
A comprehensive treatment method of solid waste comprises the following steps:
s1: adding solid waste into a feeding device, primarily crushing solid particles through a crushing device, and enabling the crushed solid particles to fall onto a screening device;
s2: screening and separating heavy materials and light materials of the primarily crushed solid particle materials:
firstly, a vibration exciter drives a support frame and a first screening mechanism and a second screening mechanism in the support frame to vibrate at high frequency, and the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism slowly rotate respectively; adding the obtained solid material through a feeding device, wherein the solid material falls into the middle position or the upper position on the first screening mechanism, and in a vibration state, the heavy material with the particle size larger than the sieve pores of the first screening mechanism falls downwards to the lower half part of the second screening mechanism, and the heavy material with the particle size smaller than the sieve pores of the first screening mechanism falls downwards to the upper half part of the second screening mechanism;
in a vibration state, because the heavy materials and the light materials have different weights, the downward movement speed of the heavy materials is higher than that of the light materials, the heavy materials on the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism are gradually separated from the light materials, and the light materials are both displaced to the high end under the blowing action of the wind power device and fall into the dust removal box; the slow rotation of the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism can prolong the retention time of solid particles on the screening device, and fully expose the light materials covered by the heavy materials while the heavy materials roll down, and the light materials displace to one side of the high end of the screening device under the action of wind power and the autorotation of the screening mechanism to realize screening;
s3: the crushed solid particles are sequentially screened step by the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism, the screened smallest solid particles fall into a small particle material channel between the second screening mechanism and the inner wall of the support frame, and large particle material particles screened by the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism are mixed in a large particle material channel;
s4: a partition plate is arranged in an inner cavity of the material receiving device, the inner cavity of the material receiving device is divided into a first material receiving cavity and a second material receiving cavity through the partition plate, the partition plate is abutted against the material partition plate, the material partition plate divides a large particle material channel and a small particle material channel, the first material receiving cavity is arranged corresponding to a discharge port of the large particle material channel, and the second material receiving cavity is arranged corresponding to a discharge port of the small particle material channel; large granular materials in the large granular material channel fall into a feed back conveying device through a first material receiving cavity, and small granular materials in the small granular material channel fall onto a final material conveying device through a second material receiving cavity;
s5: in the process of transferring large-particle materials from the large-particle material channel to the first material receiving cavity, the large-particle materials are separated and broken up to fall downwards when passing through the magnetic absorbing piece through the rotating iron removing assembly and the plurality of magnetic absorbing pieces are arranged at intervals on the circumference and slowly rotate through the rotating iron removing assembly, and the magnetic absorbing piece absorbs the iron metal materials;
s6: the large-particle materials falling onto the feed back conveying device are returned to the feeding device again through the feed back conveying device, are broken and decomposed again through the crushing device, and are circulated and reciprocated until the material particles basically or completely pass through the sieve holes of the second screening mechanism.
Has the advantages that: the invention carries out two-stage screening through the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism in the screening device, and can effectively screen and separate light materials and heavy materials in solid waste through the high-frequency vibration of the screening device and the wind power airflow of the wind power device, and large-particle materials in the screened heavy materials are crushed, decomposed and rescreened by the crushing device through the material returning and conveying device, so that the light materials and the heavy materials can be fully separated, and large particles of the heavy materials can be fully crushed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the overall operation of the present invention;
figure 5 is an exploded schematic view of the screening device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the iron removal assembly of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in the attached fig. 1 to 5, a solid waste separation treatment device comprises a feeding device 1, a crushing device 4, a screening device 2, a wind power device 3, a material receiving device 5, a frame 6 and a return material conveying device 8, wherein the screening device 2 is obliquely arranged on the frame 6 in an upper and lower direction, the screening device 2 screens materials in a vibrating way relative to the frame 6, the feeding device 1 is arranged above the screening device 2, the feeding device 1 is a feeding hopper, which vibrates along with the screening device to facilitate the blanking, a crushing device 4 is arranged in the feeding device 1, the crushing device is a double-roller type crushing device, one side of the lower end of the screening device 2 is provided with a material receiving device 5, the material receiving device 5 receives the screened heavy materials, a return conveying device 8 is arranged below the material receiving device 5, and the return conveying device 8 transfers the materials of the material receiving device 5 into the feeding device 1; the wind power device 3 is arranged on one side of the lower end of the screening device 2, the wind power device 3 blows air to the material screening surface of the screening device 2, the wind power device can be a high-power fan, and light materials can be displaced to one side of the high end of the screening device 2 through the blowing of the wind power device 3. Screening through the screening plant to through the high frequency vibrations of screening plant, and wind-force air current of wind-force device, can effectually carry out screening separation with light material and heavy material in the solid waste, and the large granule material in the heavy material after the screening is broken by breaker again through feed back conveyer and is decomposed and rescreened, the abundant big granule of separating light material and heavy material, and abundant broken heavy material.
The screening device 2 comprises a support frame 23 and at least one group of screening mechanisms, wherein the support frame 23 is of a groove-shaped plate structure with a U-shaped cross section, two ends of the support frame 23 in the length direction are provided with openings, the screening mechanisms are supported and arranged in the U-shaped grooves of the support frame 23 along the length direction of the support frame 23, and the screening mechanisms and the inner bottom wall of the support frame 23 are arranged at intervals; the frame of the screening device 2 is fixed in a support frame 23, and the movement of the solid particles is guided by the support frame 23.
Be provided with at least a set of connecting piece 12 on the outside diapire of support frame 23, connecting piece 12 is rod structure, support frame 23 is connected the setting through connecting piece 12 and frame 6, is used for supporting through connecting piece 12 support frame 23, the both ends of connecting piece are articulated the setting with support frame, and its articulated direction sets up along the length direction of screening mechanism, and is the same with the vibrations direction of vibration exciter, be provided with at least a set of vibration exciter 13 between support frame 23 and the frame 6, support frame 23 passes through vibration setting in the top of frame 6 of vibration exciter 13.
In a vibration state, heavy materials and light materials on the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22 are gradually separated, and the light materials are displaced towards the high end and fall into the collection box body under the blowing action of the wind power device 3; through the slow rotation of screening mechanism, can prolong the dwell time of solid particle on screening plant to when heavy material is rolling down, expose the light material that is covered by heavy material, light material is under the effect of wind-force and the rotation of screening mechanism, to the high-end one side displacement of screening plant, realizes the screening.
The screening mechanism comprises a first screening mechanism 21 and a second screening mechanism 22 which are arranged along the inclined direction, the first screening mechanism 21 is arranged above the second screening mechanism 22 at a certain interval, the second screening mechanism 22 is arranged at a certain interval with the inner bottom wall of the support frame 23, the length of the second screening mechanism 22 is greater than that of the first screening mechanism 21, the high end of the second screening mechanism 22 is adjacent to the high end of the first screening mechanism 21, and the other end of the second screening mechanism 22 extends to the material receiving device 5 towards the low end along the inclined direction; the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22 screen solid materials in multiple stages. The first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22 are both belt conveyors, and the rotation directions of the upper surfaces of the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22 are low-speed operation from a low end to a high end; sieve mesh 20 has all been seted up on first screening mechanism 21, the second screening mechanism 22, the sieve mesh of first screening mechanism 21 is greater than the sieve mesh of second screening mechanism 22.
Adding solid materials through the feeding device 1, wherein the solid materials fall into the middle position or the upper position on the first screening mechanism 21, the heavy materials with the particle sizes smaller than the sieve pores of the first screening mechanism 21 roll downwards to the lower half part of the second screening mechanism 22 under the vibration state, and the heavy materials with the particle sizes smaller than the sieve pores of the first screening mechanism fall into the upper half part of the second screening mechanism 22; the two screening surfaces can effectively separate particles with large particle sizes from particles with small particle sizes, so that waste materials can be effectively spread, covered light materials can be exposed to the outside as far as possible, and the light materials are blown to the high-end side of the screening mechanism by wind power of a wind power device.
The bottom wall of the support frame 23 is arranged in parallel with the screening mechanism at a certain interval, and the inner cavity of the support frame 23 is divided into an upper large-particle material channel 31 and a lower small-particle material channel 32 by the screening mechanism; the material partition plate 15 is arranged at a discharge port at the lower end of the support frame 23, the material partition plate 15 is arranged close to the lower end of the screening mechanism, the material partition plate 15 is spaced from the particle discharge port 30 of the small particle material channel 32, and the material partition plate 15 partitions material particles flowing out of the large particle material channel 31 and the small particle material channel 32. The crushed solid particles are sequentially screened step by the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22, the screened minimum solid particles fall into the small particle material channel 32 between the second screening mechanism 22 and the inner wall of the support frame 23, and the large particle material particles screened by the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism 22 are mixed in the large particle material channel 31.
The material receiving device 5 is a box structure with upper and lower openings, a separating plate 50 is arranged in an inner cavity of the material receiving device 5, the inner cavity of the material receiving device 5 is separated into a first material receiving cavity 51 and a second material receiving cavity 52 through the separating plate 50, the second material receiving cavity 52 is arranged on an adjacent support frame 23, the separating plate 50 is abutted to the material separating plate 53, the first material receiving cavity 51 is arranged corresponding to a discharge port of a large particle material channel 31, and the second material receiving cavity 52 is arranged corresponding to a discharge port of a small particle material channel 32. The partition plate 50 abuts against the material partition plate 53, the material partition plate 15 partitions the large particle material channel and the small particle material channel, the first material receiving cavity 51 is arranged corresponding to the discharge port of the large particle material channel 31, and the second material receiving cavity 52 is arranged corresponding to the discharge port of the small particle material channel 32; the discharge gate below of tiny particle material passageway 32 is provided with end material conveyer 16, the discharge gate below of large granule material passageway 31 is provided with feed back conveyer 8, feed back conveyer 8 transports the large granule material of large granule material passageway outflow to the feed inlet of feed arrangement 1. Large granule materials in the large granule material channel 31 fall into at the feed back conveyer 8 through first material receiving cavity 51, and small granule materials in the small granule material channel 32 fall into on the final material conveyer 16 through second material receiving cavity 52, feed back conveyer 8 and final material conveyer 16 are belt conveyor, and the last solid particle of final material conveyer is the particle size after final breakage, through the blanking respectively of big or small granule, can the effectual uniformity that guarantees final solid particle area is little.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 6, the iron removing device further comprises an iron removing assembly 9, wherein the iron removing assembly 9 is rotatably arranged at the discharge end on one side of the lower end of the support frame 23; deironing subassembly 9 includes pivot 91, connection pad 92 and magnetism and inhales piece 93, the both ends of pivot 91 are erect and are rotated on mount 7, and mount 7 is fixed in frame 6, and driving motor 90 drive pivot is rotated, two connection pad 92 wears to establish on pivot 91 along the axis direction interval, and is a plurality of magnetism inhales piece 93 and revolves 91 circumference array setting between two connection pads 92. Large granule material is followed large granule material passageway 31 and is followed the in-process that first material cavity 51 was transported, through pivoted deironing subassembly 9, and a plurality of magnetism are inhaled 93 circumference intervals and are set up and slowly rotate, and the large granule material is separated when inhaling piece 93 through magnetism and is broken up and fall downwards, and magnetism is inhaled a piece and is adsorbed iron metal material.
Still including collecting box 10 and negative pressure device 11, collect box 10 and set up the box structure of light material discharge gate 26 for the bottom, collect box 10 and set up in frame 6, just collect box 10 and set up the discharge end in screening plant high-end one side, collect box 10 and correspond screening plant 2 and seted up light material feed inlet 19 set up the dust outlet 27 of a plurality of micropore forms on the relative lateral wall of collection box 10 and light material feed inlet 19, dust outlet 27 corresponds and is provided with negative pressure device 11. When the light materials fall into the collecting box body from the high-end side of the screening device, a large amount of dust is accompanied, the dust is gathered on the high-end side of the screening device through the collecting box body, and the light materials are discharged out of the collecting box body through the negative pressure device, so that the dust and the light materials (such as plastic pipe fittings and the like) are separated.
A comprehensive treatment method of solid waste comprises the following steps:
s1: adding solid waste into a feeding device 1, primarily crushing solid particles through a crushing device 4, and enabling the crushed solid particles to fall onto a screening device 2;
s2: screening and separating heavy materials and light materials of the primarily crushed solid particle materials:
firstly, the vibration exciter 13 drives the support frame 23 and the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22 in the support frame 23 to vibrate at high frequency, and simultaneously, the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22 slowly rotate; adding the obtained solid material through the feeding device 1, wherein the solid material falls into the middle position or the upper position on the first screening mechanism 21, and in a vibration state, the heavy material with the particle size larger than the sieve pores of the first screening mechanism 21 falls downwards to the lower half part of the second screening mechanism 22, and the heavy material with the particle size smaller than the sieve pores of the first screening mechanism falls downwards to the upper half part of the second screening mechanism 22;
under the vibration state, because the heavy materials and the light materials have different weights, the downward movement speed of the heavy materials is higher than that of the light materials, the heavy materials on the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22 are gradually separated from the light materials, and the light materials are both displaced to the high end and fall into the dust removal box under the blowing action of the wind power device 3; the slow rotation of the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism can prolong the retention time of solid particles on the screening device, and fully expose the light materials covered by the heavy materials while the heavy materials roll down, and the light materials displace to one side of the high end of the screening device under the action of wind power and the autorotation of the screening mechanism to realize screening;
s3: the crushed solid particles are sequentially screened step by the first screening mechanism 21 and the second screening mechanism 22, the screened smallest solid particles fall into the small particle material channel 32 between the second screening mechanism 22 and the inner wall of the support frame 23, and the large particle material particles screened by the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism 22 are mixed in the large particle material channel 31;
s4: a partition plate 50 is arranged in an inner cavity of the material receiving device 5, the inner cavity of the material receiving device 5 is divided into a first material receiving cavity 51 and a second material receiving cavity 52 through the partition plate 50, the partition plate 50 abuts against a material partition plate 53, a material partition plate 15 partitions large and small particle material channels, the first material receiving cavity 51 is arranged corresponding to a discharge port of the large particle material channel 31, and the second material receiving cavity 52 is arranged corresponding to a discharge port of the small particle material channel 32; large-particle materials in the large-particle material channel 31 fall into the feed-back conveying device 8 through the first material receiving cavity 51, and small-particle materials in the small-particle material channel 32 fall onto the final material conveying device 16 through the second material receiving cavity 52;
s5: in the process of transferring large-particle materials from the large-particle material channel 31 to the first material receiving cavity 51, the large-particle materials are separated and broken up to fall downwards when passing through the magnetic attraction piece 93 through the rotating iron removing assembly 9 and the plurality of magnetic attraction pieces 93 which are arranged at intervals on the circumference and rotate slowly, and the magnetic attraction pieces adsorb iron metal materials;
s6: the large-particle materials falling onto the feed back conveying device 8 are returned into the feeding device 1 again through the feed back conveying device, are crushed and decomposed again through the crushing device 4, and are circulated until the material particles basically or completely pass through the sieve holes of the second sieving mechanism 22.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A solid waste separation treatment device and a solid waste comprehensive treatment method are characterized in that: comprises a feeding device (1), a crushing device (4), a screening device (2), a wind power device (3), a material receiving device (5), a frame (6) and a feed back conveying device (8), the screening device (2) is obliquely arranged on the frame (6) up and down, and the screening device (2) screens the material in a vibrating manner relative to the frame (6), the feeding device (1) is arranged above the screening device (2), a crushing device (4) is arranged in the feeding device (1), a material receiving device (5) is arranged at one side of the lower end of the screening device (2), the material receiving device (5) receives the screened heavy materials, a feed back conveying device (8) is arranged below the material receiving device (5), the feed-back conveying device (8) transfers the materials of the receiving device (5) into the feeding device (1); the wind power device (3) is arranged on one side of the lower end of the screening device (2), the wind power device (3) blows air to the material screening surface of the screening device (2), and light materials are displaced to one side of the higher end of the screening device (2) through the blowing air of the wind power device (3);
the screening device (2) comprises a support frame (23) and at least one group of screening mechanisms, the support frame (23) is of a groove-shaped plate body structure with a U-shaped cross section, two ends of the support frame (23) in the length direction are arranged in an opening mode, the screening mechanisms are supported and arranged in the U-shaped grooves of the support frame (23) along the length direction of the support frame (23), and the screening mechanisms and the inner bottom wall of the support frame (23) are arranged at intervals;
at least one group of connecting pieces (12) are arranged on the outer bottom wall of the support frame (23), the support frame (23) is connected with the rack (6) through the connecting pieces (12), at least one group of vibration exciters (13) are arranged between the support frame (23) and the rack (6), and the support frame (23) is arranged above the rack (6) through the vibration exciters (13);
the screening mechanism comprises a first screening mechanism (21) and a second screening mechanism (22) which are arranged along the inclined direction, the first screening mechanism (21) is arranged above the second screening mechanism (22) at a certain interval, the second screening mechanism (22) is arranged at a certain interval with the inner bottom wall of the support frame (23), the length of the second screening mechanism (22) is greater than that of the first screening mechanism (21), the high end of the second screening mechanism (22) is adjacent to the high end of the first screening mechanism (21), and the other end of the second screening mechanism (22) extends to the material receiving device (5) along the inclined direction to the low end; the first screening mechanism (21) and the second screening mechanism (22) screen solid materials in multiple stages;
the first screening mechanism (21) and the second screening mechanism (22) are both belt conveyors, and the rotating directions of the upper surfaces of the first screening mechanism (21) and the second screening mechanism (22) are from low end to high end and operate at low speed; the first screening mechanism (21) and the second screening mechanism (22) are both provided with sieve pores (20), and the sieve pores of the first screening mechanism (21) are larger than those of the second screening mechanism (22);
the bottom wall of the support frame (23) is arranged in parallel with the screening mechanism at a certain interval, and the inner cavity of the support frame (23) is divided into an upper large-particle material channel (31) and a lower small-particle material channel (32) by the screening mechanism; a material partition plate (15) is arranged at a discharge port at the lower end of the support frame (23), the material partition plate (15) is arranged close to the lower end of the screening mechanism, the material partition plate (15) is spaced from a particle discharge port (30) of a small particle material channel (32), and the material partition plate (15) partitions material particles flowing out of a large particle material channel (31) and the small particle material channel (32);
the material receiving device (5) is of a box structure with openings at the upper end and the lower end, a partition plate (50) is arranged in an inner cavity of the material receiving device (5), the inner cavity of the material receiving device (5) is divided into a first material receiving cavity (51) and a second material receiving cavity (52) through the partition plate (50), the second material receiving cavity (52) is arranged adjacent to the support frame (23), the partition plate (50) abuts against the material partition plate (53), the first material receiving cavity (51) is arranged corresponding to a discharge hole of the large-particle material channel (31), and the second material receiving cavity (52) is arranged corresponding to a discharge hole of the small-particle material channel (32);
a final material conveying device (16) is arranged below the discharge hole of the small particle material channel (32), a return conveying device (8) is arranged below the discharge hole of the large particle material channel (31), and the return conveying device (8) transfers large particle materials flowing out of the large particle material channel to the feed hole of the feeding device (1);
the iron removing device is characterized by further comprising an iron removing assembly (9), wherein the iron removing assembly (9) is rotatably arranged at the discharge end on one side of the lower end of the support frame (23); the iron removing assembly (9) comprises a rotating shaft (91), connecting discs (92) and magnetic suction pieces (93), two ends of the rotating shaft (91) are erected and rotate on the fixing frame (7), the two connecting discs (92) penetrate through the rotating shaft (91) along the axis direction at intervals, and the magnetic suction pieces (93) are arranged between the two connecting discs (92) in a circumferential array around the rotating shaft (91);
the dust collector is characterized by further comprising a collecting box body (10) and a negative pressure device (11), wherein the collecting box body (10) is of a box body structure, the bottom of the box body is provided with a light material discharge hole (26), the collecting box body (10) is arranged on the rack (6), the collecting box body (10) is arranged at the discharge end of one side of the high end of the screening device, the collecting box body (10) is provided with a light material feed hole (19) corresponding to the screening device (2), a plurality of dust outlet holes (27) are formed in the side wall, opposite to the light material feed hole (19), of the collecting box body (10), and the negative pressure device (11) is correspondingly arranged in the dust outlet holes (27);
the method comprises the following steps:
s1: solid waste is added into a feeding device (1), solid particles are primarily crushed through a crushing device (4), and the crushed solid particles fall onto a screening device (2);
s2: screening and separating heavy materials and light materials of the primarily crushed solid particle materials:
firstly, a vibration exciter (13) drives a support frame (23) and a first screening mechanism (21) and a second screening mechanism (22) in the support frame (23) to vibrate at high frequency, and meanwhile, the first screening mechanism (21) and the second screening mechanism (22) slowly rotate; adding the obtained solid material through a feeding device (1), wherein the solid material falls into the middle position or the upper position on a first screening mechanism (21), and in a vibration state, the heavy material with the particle size larger than the sieve pores of the first screening mechanism (21) rolls downwards to the lower half part of a second screening mechanism (22), and the heavy material with the particle size smaller than the sieve pores of the first screening mechanism falls towards the upper half part of the second screening mechanism (22);
under the vibration state, because the weight of the heavy materials is different from that of the light materials, the downward movement speed of the heavy materials is greater than that of the light materials, the heavy materials on the first screening mechanism (21) and the second screening mechanism (22) are gradually separated from the light materials, and the light materials are displaced to the high end under the blowing action of the wind power device (3) and fall into the dust removal box; the slow rotation of the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism can prolong the retention time of solid particles on the screening device, and fully expose the light materials covered by the heavy materials while the heavy materials roll down, and the light materials displace to one side of the high end of the screening device under the action of wind power and the autorotation of the screening mechanism to realize screening;
s3: the crushed solid particles are sequentially screened step by the first screening mechanism (21) and the second screening mechanism (22), the screened smallest solid particles fall into a small particle material channel (32) between the second screening mechanism (22) and the inner wall of the support frame (23), and large particle material particles screened by the first screening mechanism and the second screening mechanism (22) are mixed in a large particle material channel (31);
s4: a partition plate (50) is arranged in an inner cavity of the material receiving device (5), the inner cavity of the material receiving device (5) is divided into a first material receiving cavity (51) and a second material receiving cavity (52) through the partition plate (50), the partition plate (50) abuts against the material partition plate (53), the material partition plate (15) divides a large particle material channel and a small particle material channel, the first material receiving cavity (51) is arranged corresponding to a discharge hole of the large particle material channel (31), and the second material receiving cavity (52) is arranged corresponding to a discharge hole of the small particle material channel (32); large-particle materials in the large-particle material channel (31) fall into the feed-back conveying device (8) through the first material receiving cavity (51), and small-particle materials in the small-particle material channel (32) fall onto the final material conveying device (16) through the second material receiving cavity (52);
s5: in the process that large-particle materials are transferred to the first material receiving cavity (51) from the large-particle material channel (31), the large-particle materials pass through the rotating iron removing assembly (9), a plurality of magnetic suction pieces (93) are arranged at intervals on the circumference and slowly rotate, the large-particle materials are separated and broken up when passing through the magnetic suction pieces (93) and fall downwards, and the magnetic suction pieces adsorb iron metal materials;
s6: the large-particle materials falling onto the feed back conveying device (8) are returned into the feeding device (1) again through the feed back conveying device, are crushed and decomposed again through the crushing device (4), and are circulated and reciprocated until the material particles basically or completely pass through the sieve holes of the second screening mechanism (22).
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| JP4693882B2 (en) * | 2007-09-05 | 2011-06-01 | 株式会社中山鉄工所 | Suction wind type sorter |
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