Background technique
Pressure-shear test machine is mainly used for the compound bar that different types of rridges are board-like, pot rubber bearing carries out resistance to compression, anti-shearing force
Under part, the axial-radial resistance to compression, shearing resistance, corner mechanical test of rubber support are detected.It can carry out the compression elasticity mould of rubber support
Amount, shear modulus allow the angle of shear, the mechanical property tests such as coefficient of friction and compressive ultimate strength.
Existing hydraulic pressure-shear test machine is as shown in Figure 1, the pressure-shear test machine includes vertical loading mechanism and horizontal addload
Mechanism, vertical loading mechanism include vertical load bracket, and the vertical bracket that loads includes pedestal, stand 5 and crossbeam 4, on pedestal
It is provided with vertical force load cylinder 6, is fixed with lower platen 7 on the piston rod of vertical force load cylinder, horizontal addload mechanism includes along a left side
The guide rail 1 of right direction arrangement, guiding movement is equipped with load trolley 2 on guide rail, loads and is provided with horizontal addload cylinder on trolley 2,
Shear plate 9 is connected on horizontal addload cylinder.
When needing to carry out anti-shearing force test to rubber support, two rubber supports 8 are respectively placed in the upper pushing of shear plate 9
Between plate face and crossbeam 4 and lower platen 7, the vertical cylinder that loads applies vertical loading force to rubber support to simulate bridge weight, and load is small
The counter-force portion 3 of roof is against on crossbeam and using crossbeam as reaction frame, applies pulling force, shear plate to shear plate by horizontal addload cylinder
Two rubber supports of upper and lower sides are sheared, are made with simulating the shearing of the afforded bridge of the rubber support in seismic environment
Firmly.The anti-shear performance of rubber support is tested in this way, existing this hydraulic pressure-shear test machine has problems in that: perpendicular
When vertically loading to power load cylinder, shear plate applies horizontal direction shearing force to rubber support, and rubber support can also give lower platen
And then to one horizontal direction active force of piston rod of vertical force load cylinder, vertical force loads the piston of cylinder and vertical force loads cylinder
Cylinder body between generate biggish frictional force, which will affect the accuracy that vertical load cylinder exports vertical loading force, together
When can also aggravate abrasion between piston rod and cylinder body, reduce the service life of vertical load cylinder.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of the piston rod of cylinder can be loaded by horizontal applied force to avoid vertical force
Pressure-shear test machine;The object of the invention is also to provide the horizontal displacement buffer gears used in a kind of pressure testing machine.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of pressure-shear test machine is as follows in the present invention:
A kind of pressure-shear test machine, including vertical loading mechanism, shear plate and apply horizontal force in left-right direction to the shear plate
Horizontal addload mechanism, vertical loading mechanism include the lower platen being used cooperatively with shear plate and for the lower platen apply
The vertical force of vertical load loads cylinder, and vertical loading mechanism further includes the biography being fixed on the piston rod of the vertical force load cylinder
Power plate is connected between force transmitting board and the lower platen by horizontal displacement buffer gear, and horizontal displacement buffer gear includes upper ball
Head, lower bulb and intermediate force transmission element, upper bulb are fixed on lower platen, and lower bulb is fixed on force transmitting board, intermediate force transmission element
Upper end is provided with the upper ball groove with the cooperation of upper bulb spherical rotation, and the lower end of intermediate force transmission element is provided with and lower bulb spherical rotation
The lower ball groove of cooperation, pressure-shear test machine further include being set at left and right sides of lower platen to be used to lead in the up-down direction with lower platen
To the left side limiting bracket and right side limiting bracket of cooperation.
It is provided with realization on the right side of the left side of lower platen, lower platen and with corresponding limiting bracket is in rolling contact cooperation to realize pair
The pressing plate limited roller of lower platen guiding.
The intermediate force transmission element is sheath structure, and upper ball groove is in the inner hole upper end of intermediate force transmission element, during lower ball groove is in
Between force transmission element inner hole lower end.
The technical solution of horizontal displacement buffer gear in the present invention are as follows:
A kind of horizontal displacement buffer gear of pressure-shear test machine, including for being fixed on corresponding lower platen upper bulb, be used for
The lower bulb and intermediate force transmission element being fixed on corresponding force transmitting board, the upper end of intermediate force transmission element is provided with and upper bulb spherical rotation
The upper ball groove of cooperation, the lower end of intermediate force transmission element are provided with the lower ball groove with the cooperation of lower bulb spherical rotation.
The intermediate force transmission element is sheath structure, and upper ball groove is in the inner hole upper end of intermediate force transmission element, during lower ball groove is in
Between force transmission element inner hole lower end.
The invention has the benefit that in use, horizontal addload mechanism applies horizontal direction load, shear plate to shear plate
Shearing force is applied to the rubber support between shear plate and lower platen, under the active force of rubber support, lower platen has certain
Mobile trend, by the guide and limit relationship between left side limiting bracket and right side limiting bracket and lower platen, to limit down
The movement of pressing plate, but due to fit tolerance problem, between lower platen and left side limiting bracket, right side limit between certainly exist
Certain gap, after lower platen is mobile, lower platen is translated with upper bulb is corresponding, the movement adjustment of intermediate force transmission element adaptability,
This displacement will not be applied on force transmitting board, therefore the piston rod of vertical force load cylinder not will receive horizontal applied force, on the one hand
It can be worn for a long time by horizontal applied force to avoid piston, it can be to rubber branch in addition it can guarantee vertically to load cylinder
Seat exports accurate vertical loading force and will definitely increase piston rod because if this horizontal applied force is applied on piston rod
Frictional force between the cylinder body of vertical load cylinder, the frictional force just will affect vertical load cylinder and exports the accurate of vertical loading force
Property.
Specific embodiment
A kind of implementation of pressure-shear test machine is for example shown in Fig. 2 ~ 5: including vertical loading mechanism and horizontal addload mechanism, vertically
Loading mechanism vertically loads bracket 23, and the vertical bracket 23 that loads includes left side limiting bracket 61 and right side limiting bracket 62, left side
Limiting bracket 61, right side limiting bracket 62 upper end be provided with crossbeam 5, the lower end of crossbeam is provided with top board 14, top board 14
Downside be provided with lower platen 26, set respectively between the left and right sides and left side limiting bracket, right side limiting bracket of lower platen 26
It is equipped with pressing plate limited roller 25, the pivot center of pressing plate limited roller 25 is extended along the longitudinal direction, the pressing plate limit in left side
Idler wheel and left side limiting bracket roll guiding cooperation, and the pressing plate limited roller and right side limiting bracket on right side roll guiding cooperation.
It is provided with force transmitting board 27 on the downside of lower platen, horizontal displacement buffer gear, force transmitting board are provided between force transmitting board 27 and lower platen
27 downside is provided with vertical force load cylinder, and force transmitting board is fixed on the piston rod of vertical force load cylinder 28.
In the present embodiment, horizontal displacement buffer gear includes the upper bulb 29 and and force transmitting board being fixedly connected with lower platen 26
The 27 lower bulbs 31 being fixedly connected, upper bulb 29, lower bulb 31 periphery be arranged with intermediate force transmission element 30, in the present embodiment, in
Between force transmission element be an intermediate power transmission set, the inner hole upper end of intermediate power transmission set is the upper ball groove cooperated with upper bulb sphere-contact
33, the inner hole lower end of intermediate power transmission set is the lower ball groove 32 cooperated with lower bulb sphere-contact.Horizontal addload mechanism includes along a left side
The guide rail 1 that right direction extends, guiding movement is equipped with load trolley 2 on guide rail, load trolley 2 have for it is described vertical plus
The counter-force portion 4 for carrying the cooperation of 23 contact of bracket, in the present embodiment, 4 contact of counter-force portion is on the vertically crossbeam 5 of load bracket, load
It is provided with horizontal force load cylinder 3 on trolley, is connected with cutting between top board 14 and lower platen 26 on horizontal force load cylinder 3
The specific connection relationship of cutting plate 7, horizontal addload cylinder and shear plate is that the connection being vertically arranged is provided on horizontal addload cylinder
Pin shaft is provided with the pin shaft connecting hole connected with pin shaft is connect on shear plate, and the height for connecting pin shaft is higher than pin shaft connecting hole
Highly, thus shear plate can opposite connection pin shaft move up and down, pressure is transmitted with rubber support to the upper side, horizontal addload cylinder with
The connection relationship of shear plate belongs to the prior art.In use, horizontal addload cylinder is transmitted by pulling shear plate to rubber support
Shearing force can have certain crash amount due to the presence of mismatch error between pressing plate limited roller 25 and vertical load bracket, because
, when horizontal addload cylinder pulls shear plate, lower platen can generate moving to right in range by a small margin for this, moving range substantially 2mm with
It is interior, by the presence of horizontal displacement buffer gear, then impact of the displacement to vertical force load cylinder, lower platen have been buffered well
With upper bulb 29 towards right translation, intermediate power transmission covers the movement adjustment of 30 adaptability, this displacement will not be applied on force transmitting board,
Therefore the piston rod of vertical force load cylinder not will receive horizontal applied force, on the one hand can be to avoid piston for a long time by level
Active force and damage, in addition it can guarantee vertically to load cylinder can to rubber support export accurately vertical loading force because
If this horizontal applied force is applied on piston rod, the friction between piston rod and the cylinder body of vertical load cylinder will definitely increase
Power, the frictional force just will affect the accuracy that vertical load cylinder exports vertical loading force.
It is rotatably equipped with the top board platen 13 that pivot center vertically extends on top board 14, turns on lower platen 26
It is dynamic to be equipped with the pushing disc plate pressure 36 that pivot center vertically extends, the upper end rotation of shear plate be provided with for upper pressure
Disc plate pressure cooperation carries out platen 19 on the shear plate of shearing test with the rubber support to upside, and the lower end of shear plate rotates setting
There are the shear plate pressing disc 9 for carrying out shearing test with the rubber support to downside with pushing disc plate pressure cooperation, top board pressure
Platen 19, shear plate pressing disc 9 and pushing disc plate pressure 36 are coaxially set on disk 13, shear plate, on top board platen, shear plate
Platen, shear plate pressing disc and pushing disc plate pressure have the first station and second station of angle of rotation difference 180 degree.In this implementation
In example: being provided with realization on shear plate between platen and shear plate for platen on shear plate and be fixed on the first station and second station
Upper platen fixing bolt 10;Be provided between shear plate pressing disc and shear plate realization by shear plate be fixed on the first station and
The pressing disc fixing bolt 37 of second station.
It is provided with one on lower end surface on top board platen and extends radially to top board platen periphery along top board platen
The top board platen mounting groove 17 in face, on the lower end surface of top board setting there are two in 180 degree distribution for individually with upper pressure
The top board mounting groove 16 that disc plate pressure mounting groove is used cooperatively, be hinged on top board platen positioned at top board platen mounting groove with
Top board platen is limited in the upper limit bar 15 of corresponding station, the articulated shaft of upper limit bar 15 in corresponding top board mounting groove
Line is perpendicular to up and down direction.It is provided on the upper surface of platen on shear plate after being produced for upper limit bar by top board mounting groove
There is the upper limit bar for hand-held force to hold force section for the upper limit bar card slot 18 being caught in, the middle part of upper limit bar.The upper limit
The outer end of position bar protrudes from top board, after upper limit bar turns on upper limit card slot far from one end of top board platen, the upper limit
The circumferential two sides of position bar and the respective side cell wall of upper limit card slot are engaged, on shear plate of dismantling between platen and shear plate
The first fixing bolt of shear plate, staff can hold the middle part of upper limit bar, to drive platen on shear plate, top board
Platen rotates synchronously, and after rotating 180 degree, upper limit bar can be flipped back to top board platen mounting groove and another top board
In mounting groove, top board platen is limited in second station by upper limit bar at this time, will be sheared by the first fixing bolt of shear plate
Platen is fixed on shear plate on plate.
It is provided with one on upper surface on pushing disc plate pressure and extends radially to push disc plate pressure periphery along disc plate pressure is pushed
The pushing disc plate pressure mounting groove 35 in face, on the upper surface of lower platen setting there are two in 180 degree distribution for individually with pushing
The lower platen mounting groove 24 that disc plate pressure mounting groove is used cooperatively, push disc plate pressure on be hinged be located at push disc plate pressure mounting groove with
The lower limit bar 22 that disc plate pressure is limited in corresponding station, the articulated shaft of lower limit bar 22 will be pushed in corresponding lower platen mounting groove
Line is perpendicular to up and down direction.It is provided on the upper surface of shear plate pressing disc after being produced for lower limit bar by lower platen mounting groove
There is the lower limit bar for hand-held force to hold force section for the lower limit bar card slot 20 being caught in, the middle part of lower limit bar.Lower limit
The outer end of position bar protrudes from lower platen, after lower limit bar turns on lower limit card slot far from the one end for pushing disc plate pressure, lower limit
The circumferential two sides of position bar and the respective side cell wall of lower limit card slot are engaged, and dismantle between shear plate pressing disc and shear plate
The second fixing bolt of shear plate 37, staff can hold the middle part of lower limit bar, come drive shear plate pressing disc, push
Disc plate pressure rotates synchronously, and after rotating 180 degree, lower limit bar can be flipped back to and push disc plate pressure mounting groove and another pushing
In plate mounting groove, lower limit bar is limited in second station for disc plate pressure is pushed at this time, will be cut by the second fixing bolt of shear plate
Cutting plate pressing disc is fixed on shear plate.
In use, respectively on top board platen and shear plate between platen, shear plate pressing disc and push disc plate pressure it
Between place rubber support, when testing for the first time, platen on top board platen, shear plate, shear plate pressing disc and push at disc plate pressure
In the first station, top board platen, not being able to rotate for pushing disc plate pressure are realized by upper limit bar and lower limit bar respectively, shearing
Platen, not being able to rotate for shear plate pressing disc then fix spiral shell by the first fixing bolt of shear plate and shear plate second respectively on plate
Bolt is realized, in the present embodiment, there are two the first fixing bolt of shear plate, the second fixing bolt of shear plate are equal, and two shear plates the
One fixing bolt is spaced apart in 180, and two the second fixing bolts of shear plate are spaced apart in 180 degree;Horizontal force loads cylinder and draws
Shear plate is dragged, loads the counter-force portion contact of trolley on vertically load bracket, the vertical counter-force for loading bracket and constituting load trolley
Frame, shear plate apply to corresponding rubber support towards the horizontal direction in right direction with platen on shear plate and shear plate pressing disc
Shearing force is realized to the shearing test on one direction of rubber support, and after the test, horizontal force loads cylinder unloading, downwards
Overturn upper limit bar, be flipped up upper limit bar, the lower end of upper limit bar snaps onto upper limit bar card slot, lower limit bar it is upper
End snaps onto lower limit bar card slot, and corresponding fixing bolt of dismantling, staff can hold the middle part of corresponding gag lever post, just
It is the same (gag lever post of vertical state is represented by dashed line in Fig. 2, Fig. 4) to stone of turning a millstone, it will be pressed on top board platen, shear plate
It disk, shear plate pressing disc and pushes disc plate pressure and rotates 180 degree to second station, then withdraw upper limit bar, lower limit bar,
Fixing bolt is retightened, platen, shear plate pressing disc and the drive for pushing disc plate pressure on top board platen, shear plate
Under, rubber support rotates 180 degree, then loads cylinder by horizontal force and apply drag force to shear plate, although testing horizontal force twice
The loading direction of cylinder is loaded there is no changing, but since rubber support itself has rotated 180 degree, rubber support is twice
Suffered shearing force is contrary, realizes to the biaxial loadings in rubber support horizontal direction, is closer to really
Shake environment.In other embodiments of the invention: top board platen, the working position fixation for pushing disc plate pressure can also pass through bolt
To realize;It counter-force portion can also be with contact on the vertically column of load bracket.
The embodiment of horizontal displacement buffer gear is as shown in Figure 5: the specific structure of horizontal displacement buffer gear and above-mentioned each
Pressure-shear test machine horizontal displacement buffer gear as described in the examples is identical, and this will not be detailed here.