CN109520696B - Multi-point multi-directional drop hammer impact device and test method - Google Patents
Multi-point multi-directional drop hammer impact device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01M7/08—Shock-testing
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Abstract
The invention provides a multipoint multidirectional drop hammer impact device and a test method, and relates to the technical field of mechanical property tests. When the device is used for testing, the size and the direction of impact energy can be adjusted according to the requirement, the impact point is accurately set, and a plurality of drop hammers are released to simulate the multipoint impact load. The device and the method solve the technical problems of fixed impact points, single impact angle, secondary drop hammer in the simulation test of the similar materials of the deep tunnel, and have the advantages of convenient operation, accurate control and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical property test, in particular to a drop hammer impact device for realizing multiple points and directions and a method for carrying out roadway dynamic load simulation test by using the device.
Background
In a deep roadway analogue simulation test, a roadway top plate needs to apply a dynamic load, and the application of the dynamic load is usually realized through drop hammer impact, but the impact test by using the drop hammer has the problems of insufficient impact force, secondary hammering, single impact angle and the like. The drop hammer impact device is arranged on a similar material model, so that the front impact test can be realized mostly, and the drop hammer impact test of multiple angles, such as fixed angles, fixed impact points and other impact modes, can be hardly realized on the same drop hammer impact device. Even if the multi-angle drop hammer impact test is implemented, and the operation is complicated, the flexibility and the universality of the impact test are required to be further improved. In the simulation test method of the roadway dynamic load similar material, the influence of the dynamic load on multiple points of the roadway and the influence of the continuous dynamic load on the roadway are difficult to simulate by using the existing drop hammer impact device. In addition, chinese patent CN105259022B discloses a secondary impact device for preventing drop hammer, which is used for preventing secondary impact by supporting rebound drop hammer through a specific mechanical structure. However, in a large-scale similar material simulation test, the existing drop hammer impact device is difficult to be applied to a large-scale similar material simulation test machine, and in order to accurately control the impact angle and the impact point position, the working conditions that multiple points and multiple directions in an actual engineering environment are simultaneously affected by impact disturbance are simulated, so that the existing drop hammer impact device and roadway dynamic load similar material simulation test are further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multipoint multidirectional drop hammer impact device and a test method, aiming at solving the technical problems of fixed impact points, single impact angle and secondary drop hammer in a simulation test of similar materials of deep tunnels.
A multipoint multidirectional drop hammer impact device comprises a curvature impact table, an anti-collision column, a support side plate, a cross beam, a guide sliding block, an impact guide pipe and a drop hammer; the beam is arranged above the supporting side plate, the curvature impact table is arranged below the beam, the anti-collision column is arranged on the curvature impact table, the guide sliding block is arranged on the beam and slides along the beam, and the upper end of the impact guide pipe is connected with the side face of the guide sliding block; the guide sliding block is provided with a pointer and a dial, and the pointer is fixedly connected with the impact guide pipe; the anti-collision column comprises a column body, catch rods and springs, wherein two catch rods are arranged in the middle of the end face of the column body, one catch rod is hinged with the column body, and springs are further arranged between the catch rods.
Preferably, the support side plate is provided with a guide rail groove, two ends of the cross beam are T-shaped and are arranged in the guide rail groove, and a fixing nut is further arranged in the guide rail groove.
Preferably, the center point of the cambered surface of the curvature impact table is coincident with the center point of the similar material simulation roadway; the middle part of the drop hammer is provided with a through hole; the axis of the cylinder is coincident with the axis of the cambered surface of the curvature impact table.
Preferably, the ends of the catch bars are provided with protrusions, and the springs connect the ends of the two catch bars; the length of the catching rod minus the length of the end part bulge is equal to the length of the drop hammer, and the middle through hole of the drop hammer is in a round table shape; the impingement catheter is tubular and smooth inside.
It is also preferred that the pointer and the impact conduit are at right angles and fixedly connected, the end of the pointer being indicated on the dial.
It is further preferred that the support side plates are connected to a static loading device, the cross beam has a width less than the width of the support side plates, and the curvature impact table has a width less than the distance between the support side plates.
A roadway dynamic load similar material simulation test method, which utilizes the multipoint multidirectional drop hammer impact device, comprises the following steps:
A. installing a multipoint multidirectional drop hammer impact device above the similar material simulation roadway;
B. Loading axial pressure above similar materials by using a static loading device, and simulating mine pressure born by a roadway;
C. adjusting the position of the curvature impact table to enable the center point of the cambered surface of the curvature impact table to coincide with the center point of the similar material simulation roadway;
D. Designing and calculating impact energy, adjusting the height of the cross beam, and fixing the cross beam by using a fixing nut;
E. Setting the number of impact points and the impact angle;
F. releasing a drop hammer, and observing and recording the deformation condition of the roadway;
G. the catch bar is squeezed while the drop hammer is removed.
It is also preferred that the maximum number of selected impact points in step E is equal to the number of installed impact ducts; in the step F, more than 2 drop hammers are released simultaneously, so that the influence of dynamic load on multiple points of the roadway is simulated; and releasing a plurality of drop hammers for many times in different time, wherein the simulation roadway is influenced by continuous dynamic load.
The beneficial effects of the invention include:
(1) According to the multipoint multidirectional drop hammer impact device provided by the invention, the combination of the curvature impact table, the impact guide pipe and the drop hammer is arranged, so that the impact angle is convenient to adjust, impact in multiple directions is realized, and the position and angle of an impact point are accurately controlled; through set up the anticollision post on the camber impact table, avoided the secondary striking of drop hammer, the axis coincidence of the setting direction of anticollision post and camber impact table to guarantee that drop hammer is smooth to block on catching the pole, catch and set up the spring between the pole and conveniently catch the pole and reset, and this simple structure, convenient operation.
(2) The multi-point multidirectional drop hammer impact device designs the curvature of the curvature impact table according to the roadway position, ensures that the impact force is transmitted in a preset direction, and meanwhile, a certain distance is reserved between the two sides of the curvature impact table and the supporting side plate, so that the impact guide pipe is ensured to flexibly rotate, and the drop hammer falls down in a preset angle; the support side plate can be matched with the static loading device to provide axial compression for the similar material simulation model.
(3) The roadway dynamic load similar material simulation test method utilizes a multipoint multidirectional drop hammer impact device, a plurality of impact points and a plurality of impact angles are required to be adjusted by combining the test, and the error caused by secondary drop hammer is effectively avoided by the test; in addition, the height of the drop hammer can be accurately adjusted according to calculation, so that the impact energy is changed, and the influence of dynamic load on multiple points of a roadway and the influence of continuous dynamic load on the roadway can be flexibly simulated by using the device.
In addition, the invention has the advantages of convenient operation, flexible structure, wide application and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-point multi-directional drop hammer impact device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a guide slider and a connection structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a drop hammer construction;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a bumper post structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a multi-point, multi-directional drop hammer impact device with curved beams;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a multi-point multi-directional drop hammer impact device test structure;
In the figure: 1-a curvature impact table; 2-an anti-collision column; 21-column; 22-catch bar; 23-springs; 3-supporting side plates; 4-a cross beam; 5-guiding the slide block; 6-an impulse catheter; 7-drop hammer; 8-a dial; 9-pointer; 10-roadway; 11-static loading means.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, specific embodiments of a multipoint multidirectional drop hammer impact device and a test method provided by the present invention are as follows.
The utility model provides a multi-point multidirectional drop hammer impact device specific structure includes camber impact table 1, anticollision post 2, support curb plate 3, crossbeam 4, guide slider 5, impact pipe 6 and drop hammer 7, as shown in fig. 1, crossbeam 4 sets up in the top of supporting curb plate 3, camber impact table 1 sets up in crossbeam 4 below, between two support curb plates 3, anticollision post 2 sets up on camber impact table 1, guide slider 5 sets up on crossbeam 4 and slides along the crossbeam, impact pipe 6 upper end links to each other with the side of guide slider 5, drop hammer 7 slides along impact pipe 6 inside whereabouts. The device is integrally matched with the static loading device through the supporting side plate, and in addition, the static loading devices can be arranged on the front side and the rear side so as to apply force in the horizontal direction, and the device is used for completing a similar material simulation test with more variables.
As shown in fig. 2, a pointer 9 and a dial 8 are arranged on the side surface of the guide slide block 5, the pointer 9 is fixedly connected with the impact guide pipe 6, the pointer 9 and the impact guide pipe are in right angles, and the dial 8 is arranged on the side surface of the guide slide block 5 at the end part of the pointer 9. The pointer 9 drives the impact guide pipe 6 to swing, the end part of the pointer 9 is indicated on the dial 8, and the indication scale of the dial 8 corresponds to the impact angle, so that the impact angle is accurately controlled. A plurality of guide sliders 5 and impact guide pipes 6 can be arranged according to the test requirement, and the impact guide pipes 6 can be arranged on both sides of the guide sliders 5, so that more impact points are provided, and more complex impact is simulated. The design of the impact guide pipe 6 ensures that the falling weights 7 do not interfere with each other, ensures that the falling track of the falling weights 7 is fixed, and ensures the impact accuracy of the falling weights 7.
The impact conduit 6 is tubular and smooth in the interior, so that friction between a pipeline and the drop hammer 7 is ignored, potential energy of falling of the drop hammer 7 is directly and equivalently converted into impact load, and an ejection device can be arranged at the upper end part of the impact conduit to increase dynamic load, and the impact conduit 6 is tubular with openings at the upper part and the lower part, so that the problem of insufficient impact force is solved by conveniently arranging the ejection device.
The anti-collision post 2 comprises a post 21, catch rods 22 and springs 23, wherein two catch rods 22 are arranged in the middle of the end face of the post 21, one catch rod 22 is hinged with the post 21, the other catch rod 22 is fixed on the post 21, and springs 23 are further arranged between the catch rods 22, as shown in fig. 4. The ends of the catch levers 22 are provided with protrusions, and springs 23 connect the ends of the two catch levers 22. The convex upper portion of the catch lever 22 is large, and the convex lower surface is flat, and the convex sizes and shapes of both sides are the same. The length of the catching rod 22 minus the length of the end part bulge is equal to the length of the drop hammer 7, so that the drop hammer is tightly clamped on the catching rod after the catching rod 22 passes through the drop hammer 7, and the middle through hole of the drop hammer 7 is in a circular truncated cone shape. When the drop weight 7 falls down along the impact guide 6, the catch bars 22 enter from the large holes at the bottom of the drop weight, one of the catch bars 22 is pressed at the upper part of the drop weight 7 to rotate the compression spring 23 along the hinge position, so that the catch bars 22 pass through the drop weight, then the catch bars 22 are reset under the action of the spring 23, after the reset, the end parts of the catch bars 22 are provided with protrusions, the width of the protrusions is larger than the aperture of the small holes at the upper part of the drop weight 7, and the drop weight 7 is fixed on the anti-collision post 2.
The support side plates 3 are provided with guide rail grooves, two ends of the cross beam 4 are T-shaped and arranged in the guide rail grooves, fixing nuts are further arranged in the guide rail grooves, and the distance between the support side plates 3 is larger than the width of the curvature impact table. The width of the cross beam 4 is smaller than that of the supporting side plate 3, so that the pressure head can smoothly reach the upper side of the similar material model after the static loading device 11 is installed. A certain interval is reserved between the two sides of the curvature impact table 1 and the supporting side plate 3, so that the impact guide pipe is ensured to flexibly rotate, and the drop hammer 7 falls down according to a preset angle. In addition, the cross beam 4 can be designed into a curved shape, as shown in fig. 5, so that the impact kinetic energy is further increased, the flexibility of the device is improved, the same curvatures of the cross beam 4 and the curvature impact table 1 can be kept, the cambered surfaces of the cross beam 4 and the curvature impact table are mutually corresponding, the inclination angle of the impact guide pipe is reduced, and the stability of impact is ensured.
The center point of the cambered surface of the curvature impact table 1 is coincident with the center point of the similar material simulation roadway 10, and the curvature of the curvature impact table 1 is designed according to the position of the roadway 10, so that the impact force is ensured to be transmitted in a preset direction. Multiple curvature impact tables can be prefabricated, and the proper curvature impact table can be selected and used according to the position of a roadway in the simulation of similar materials. The middle part of the drop hammer 7 is provided with a through hole, the axis of the column body 21 is coincident with the axis of the cambered surface of the curvature impact table 1, and the transmission direction of impact force is further ensured.
A roadway dynamic load similar material simulation test method, which uses the multi-point multi-directional drop hammer impact device, is shown in figure 6, comprises the following steps:
A. a multipoint multidirectional drop hammer impact device is arranged above a similar material simulation roadway 10 and comprises a fixed support side plate 3, a beam 4 and a guide sliding block 5.
B. The static loading device 11 is used for loading axial pressure above the similar materials to simulate mine pressure born by the roadway 10, and the static loading device 11 can be arranged along the direction of the roadway 10 in the similar materials, so that horizontal stress born by the roadway is simulated.
C. The position of the curvature impact table 1 is adjusted, so that the center point of the cambered surface of the curvature impact table 1 is overlapped with the center point of a similar material simulation roadway, the position of the curvature impact table 1 is determined through measurement, the prefabricated curvature impact table 1 is selected, and the anti-collision columns 2 are arranged on the curvature impact table 1.
D. the impact energy is designed and calculated, the height of the cross beam 4 is adjusted according to the required impact energy, and the cross beam 4 is fixed by using a fixing nut.
E. Setting the number of impact points and the impact angle; wherein the maximum number of impact points is selected to be equal to the number of installed impact ducts 6, the impact angle is read by means of a dial 8 and a pointer 9, and the impact ducts 6 are arranged according to the position and number of impact points.
F. releasing drop hammers 7, observing and recording deformation conditions of the roadway, and simulating the influence of dynamic load on multiple points of the roadway by simultaneously releasing more than 2 drop hammers; and releasing a plurality of drop hammers 7 for many times in different time, wherein the simulation roadway is influenced by continuous dynamic load.
G. the catch bar is squeezed while the drop hammer is removed.
It should be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, and that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but is intended to cover modifications, adaptations, additions and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The multipoint multidirectional drop hammer impact device is characterized by comprising a curvature impact table, an anti-collision column, a supporting side plate, a cross beam, a guide sliding block, an impact guide pipe and a drop hammer; the beam is arranged above the supporting side plate, the curvature impact table is arranged below the beam, the anti-collision column is arranged on the curvature impact table, the guide sliding block is arranged on the beam and slides along the beam, and the upper end of the impact guide pipe is connected with the side face of the guide sliding block; the guide sliding block is provided with a pointer and a dial, and the pointer is fixedly connected with the impact guide pipe; the anti-collision column comprises a column body, catch rods and springs, wherein two catch rods are arranged in the middle of the end face of the column body, one catch rod is hinged with the column body, and springs are arranged between the catch rods;
the support side plates are provided with guide rail grooves, two ends of the cross beam are T-shaped and arranged in the guide rail grooves, and fixing nuts are further arranged in the guide rail grooves;
The center point of the cambered surface of the curvature impact table is coincident with the center point of the similar material simulation roadway; a through hole is formed in the middle of the drop hammer; the axis of the cylinder is coincident with the axis of the cambered surface of the curvature impact table;
The end part of the catching rod is provided with a bulge, the upper part of the bulge of the catching rod is large, the lower surface of the bulge is a plane, the bulges on two sides are the same in size and shape, and the width of the bulge is larger than the aperture of the small hole on the upper part of the drop hammer; the spring is connected with the end parts of the two catch rods; the length of the catching rod minus the length of the end part bulge is equal to the length of the drop hammer, and the middle through hole of the drop hammer is in a round table shape; the impact conduit is tubular and smooth in interior;
The pointer is in right angle and fixedly connected with the impact guide pipe, and the end part of the pointer is indicated on the dial; the pointer drives the impact guide pipe to swing, the end part of the pointer is indicated on the dial, and the indication scale of the dial corresponds to the impact angle, so that the impact angle is accurately controlled; a plurality of guide sliding blocks and impact guide pipes are arranged according to test requirements, and the impact guide pipes can be arranged on two sides of the guide sliding blocks to provide more impact points;
The support side plates are connected with the static loading device, the width of the cross beam is smaller than that of the support side plates, and the width of the curvature impact table is smaller than the distance between the support side plates.
2. A method for simulating roadway dynamic load similar materials, which is characterized by using the multipoint multidirectional drop hammer impact device in claim 1, comprising the following steps:
A. installing a multipoint multidirectional drop hammer impact device above the similar material simulation roadway;
B. Loading axial pressure above similar materials by using a static loading device, and simulating mine pressure born by a roadway;
C. adjusting the position of the curvature impact table to enable the center point of the cambered surface of the curvature impact table to coincide with the center point of the similar material simulation roadway;
D. Designing and calculating impact energy, adjusting the height of the cross beam, and fixing the cross beam by using a fixing nut;
E. Setting the number of impact points and the impact angle;
F. releasing a drop hammer, and observing and recording the deformation condition of the roadway;
G. the catch bar is squeezed while the drop hammer is removed.
3. The simulated roadway dynamic load test method of claim 2, wherein the maximum number of selected impact points in step E is equal to the number of installed impact ducts; in the step F, more than 2 drop hammers are released simultaneously, so that the influence of dynamic load on multiple points of the roadway is simulated; and releasing a plurality of drop hammers for many times in different time, wherein the simulation roadway is influenced by continuous dynamic load.
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