CN109515106B - Heat pump system for electric or hybrid vehicle and vehicle - Google Patents
Heat pump system for electric or hybrid vehicle and vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN109515106B CN109515106B CN201710845451.9A CN201710845451A CN109515106B CN 109515106 B CN109515106 B CN 109515106B CN 201710845451 A CN201710845451 A CN 201710845451A CN 109515106 B CN109515106 B CN 109515106B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
- B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/004—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for vehicles having a combustion engine and electric drive means, e.g. hybrid electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00507—Details, e.g. mounting arrangements, desaeration devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
- B60H1/00021—Air flow details of HVAC devices
- B60H2001/00078—Assembling, manufacturing or layout details
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a heat pump system for an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising a front-end system and an air conditioning system, the front-end system being arranged in a front-end housing and comprising, in sequence in the direction of the air flow: air-inlet grille, front end heat exchanger and front end fan, air conditioning system arrange in air conditioner casing and include in proper order along the air current direction: the air conditioning system further comprises a mixing air door for controlling air flow to partially or completely pass through the internal condenser and a mode air door for controlling air flow to enter different air channels from the distribution cavity, the front-end system comprises a renewable dehumidifying device located at the upstream of the front-end heat exchanger, and the air channels of the air conditioning system comprise an air conditioning air channel for enabling air to enter a cab and a renewable air channel for enabling air to flow towards the renewable dehumidifying device to be used for dehumidifying the renewable dehumidifying device in a heating mode. The heat pump system effectively solves the problem of frosting of the front-end heat exchanger and can improve the heating efficiency of the vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a heat pump system for an electric or hybrid vehicle, and to an electric or hybrid vehicle comprising such a heat pump system.
Background
The heat pump is an air conditioning system with both refrigerating and heating functions, belongs to inverse Carnot cycle, and realizes heat exchange between a condenser and air in a region to be heated during heating, wherein the theoretical cycle efficiency is inevitably higher than 1 and can reach more than 2 in certain working intervals, and realizes heat exchange between an evaporator and air in a region to be cooled during refrigerating, and the theoretical cycle efficiency can be lower than 1, but is generally higher than 2 actually. Due to the above characteristics, the heat pump is widely used in commercial and household air conditioners. The air conditioner of the traditional vehicle driven by the internal combustion engine does not adopt a heat pump, but only adopts a single refrigerating system, and the main reason is that the internal combustion engine has low heat efficiency and a large amount of waste heat can be used for heating a cab.
The power output of the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle when the electric vehicle or the hybrid vehicle runs in an electric mode mainly comes from a motor, the mechanical efficiency of the motor is high, and the waste heat accounts for less than 10 percent of the total power. At present, electric heating (heating effect of a resistor) is mainly adopted in the conditions, the efficiency is 0.9-1, and electric quantity of several kilowatts is consumed per hour. Use in winter necessarily reduces the driving range of an electric or hybrid vehicle to a great extent.
In summary, heat pumps are the best air conditioning solution for electric or hybrid vehicles.
One of the obstacles of applying the heat pump at the present stage is the frosting problem of the front-end heat exchanger, which is used as an evaporator to absorb heat in air during the heating cycle in winter, so that the surface temperature of the heat exchanger is likely to be lower than the dew point temperature of the air, and particularly when the heat exchanger is operated in a cold and wet environment below 0 ℃, water vapor in the air is condensed into frost on the surface of the front-end heat exchanger, the frost layer is gradually thickened, so that the resistance of wind is increased, the heat exchange is insufficient, and the heating performance of the system is sharply reduced.
It is not difficult to find that as long as a large amount of water vapor exists in the air, the frosting of the front-end heat exchanger (evaporator) is difficult to avoid in winter, and although the front-end heat exchanger can be changed into a condenser to be defrosted through the reverse operation of the heat pump, the comfort of the cockpit in the defrosting process can be affected and the energy consumption is also accompanied.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to overcoming the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, and providing a heat pump system for an electric or hybrid vehicle, which solves the problem of frosting of a front-end heat exchanger and can improve the heating efficiency of the vehicle, and can be widely applied to an air conditioning system and a battery thermal management system of an electric vehicle.
To this end, the invention relates to a heat pump system for an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising a front-end system and an air conditioning system, the front-end system being arranged in a front-end housing and comprising, in succession in the direction of the air flow: air-inlet grille, front end heat exchanger and front end fan, air conditioning system arranges in the air conditioner casing and includes in proper order along the air current direction: air conditioning blower, evaporimeter, internal condenser, distribution chamber and a plurality of wind channels, air conditioning system still includes control airflow part or passes through completely the air mixing door and the control airflow of internal condenser follow the mode air door that the distribution chamber got into different wind channels, its characterized in that, front end system is including being located the dehumidification device can regenerate of front end heat exchanger upper reaches, air conditioning system's wind channel makes the air orientation including the air conditioning wind channel that makes the air admission cockpit and make under the heating mode dehumidification device can regenerate the dehumidification device flow in order to be for the regeneration wind channel of dehumidification device can regenerate.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the regenerative dehumidification device includes a drying section disposed in the front end housing and a regeneration section disposed in a regeneration duct of the air conditioning system, and the drying section and the regeneration section are switchable according to a humidity value.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the front-end system comprises a humidity collection device arranged in the front-end housing and located in the vicinity of the dry section of the regenerable dehumidification device, the dry section and the regeneration section of the regenerable dehumidification device being switchable according to the humidity value obtained by the humidity collection device.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the regenerable dehumidification device is a rotary wheel dehumidification device.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the front end heat exchanger is a brazed parallel flow heat exchanger.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the front end fan is a crossflow fan.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the front end case and the air conditioner case are both made of plastic.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air conditioner blower is a multi-wing centrifugal fan.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the evaporator and the internal condenser are brazed heat exchangers.
The invention also relates to an electric or hybrid vehicle comprising a heat pump system having any of the above features.
Compared with the prior art, the heat pump system for the electric or hybrid vehicle has the advantages that the drying device is introduced to dehumidify air entering the front-end heat exchanger, so that the problem of frosting of the front-end heat exchanger is effectively solved, and meanwhile, the drying device is required to have long-acting characteristics when being used in the vehicle, so that the reproducible runner dehumidification is a good choice.
Drawings
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be better understood by the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts.
FIG. 1 is a side view of one embodiment of a heat pump system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the heat pump system shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a front end fan of the heat pump system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a heating cycle lg p-h of a heat pump system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view (solid line) of the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump system shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in a cooling mode; and
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram (solid line) of the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump system shown in fig. 1 and 2 in the heating mode.
Detailed Description
The practice and use of the embodiments are discussed in detail below. It should be understood, however, that the specific embodiments discussed are merely illustrative of specific ways to make and use the invention, and do not limit the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 and 2 show a side view and a top view, respectively, of an embodiment of a heat pump system according to the present invention. As shown, such a heat pump system includes a front end system and an air conditioning system. The "front-end system" in this specification refers to an air handling system located at the front end of the front engine compartment of a vehicle. The front end system and the air conditioning system are arranged in a front end housing 6 and an air conditioning housing 7, respectively, which are preferably both made of plastic.
The front-end system comprises in sequence along the airflow direction: the air inlet grille 1, the front end heat exchanger 4 and the front end fan 5. The air inlet grille 1 can guide outside air into the front end heat exchanger 4 during running, and the front end fan 5 can be adjusted or closed according to the air quantity and the air speed actually required by the heat pump system. Air flowing through the front-end system is exhausted from the front-end system via a duct downstream of the front-end fan 5, as indicated by arrows F1 in fig. 1 and 2. The front-end heat exchanger 4 is preferably a brazed parallel flow heat exchanger to improve heat exchange efficiency. The front end fan 5 is preferably a cross flow fan, as shown in fig. 3, which is light in weight, resistant to high temperature, uniform in air outlet, and capable of preferentially adjusting the actually required air volume and air speed.
The air conditioning system sequentially comprises the following components in the airflow direction: an air conditioning blower 8, an evaporator 9, an internal condenser 11, a distribution chamber 12 and a plurality of air ducts. The air conditioner blower 8 is preferably a multi-blade centrifugal fan which is small in size, light in weight, and high in suction efficiency. Both the evaporator 9 and the internal condenser 11 are brazed heat exchangers, preferably brazed parallel flow heat exchangers. Furthermore, the air conditioning system comprises a mixing damper 10A and a mode damper 10B, the mixing damper 10A being arranged downstream of the evaporator 9 and being able to control the air flow partially or completely through the internal condenser 11, and the mode damper 10B being arranged downstream of the internal condenser 11 and being able to control the air flow from the distribution chamber 12 into the mode damper 10B of the different air ducts. These ducts include an air conditioning duct 13A that takes air into the cabin H and a regeneration duct 13B that flows air toward the regenerable dehumidification device 2 to be described later in a heating mode for dehumidifying the regenerable dehumidification device 2. The air conditioner blower 8 sucks outside air or inside circulation air into the air conditioning system (as indicated by an arrow F2 in fig. 1), and the air flows through the distribution chamber 12 and then enters the corresponding air conditioning duct 13A or the regeneration duct 13B according to the state (only two states of fully open or fully closed) of each mode damper 10B, and the air flow entering the air conditioning duct 13A then enters the cabin H via the air outlet grill 14 or directly.
In order to solve the problem of the front-end heat exchanger 4 frosting in winter, the heat pump system according to the invention comprises a regenerable dehumidification device 2 upstream of the front-end heat exchanger 4 in said front-end system. The regenerable dehumidification device 2 is divided into a drying section 2B arranged in the front housing 6 and a regenerating section 2A arranged in a regenerating air duct 13B of the air conditioning system. In operation, the regeneration section 2A and the drying section 2B can be switched according to the humidity value. Preferably, the front-end system comprises a humidity collection device 3 arranged in the front-end housing 6 and located in the vicinity of the drying section 2A of the regenerable dehumidification device 2 (e.g. between the drying section 2A and the front-end heat exchanger 4), the drying section 2B and the regeneration section 2A being switchable according to the humidity values obtained by the humidity collection device 3. Specifically, when the humidity is higher than a certain set value, which indicates that the drying agent in the drying section 2B is saturated and needs to be dehumidified and regenerated, the drying section 2B and the regeneration section 2A are exchanged, and at the same time, the damper 10B of the regeneration air duct 13B of the air conditioning system is opened, the hot air enters the regeneration air duct 13B and flows toward the regeneration section 2A of the regenerable dehumidification device 2 (as shown by an arrow F3 in fig. 2) for heating and dehumidifying the regeneration section 2A, and the air passing through the regeneration section 2A is then discharged out of the regeneration air duct 13B in the direction shown by an arrow F4 in fig. 2. It can be seen that the damper 10B of the regeneration duct 13B is only opened in the heating mode and when the regenerative dehumidifier 2 needs to be regenerated, and the rest is closed. Such a regenerable dehumidification device 2 is preferably a rotary dehumidification device that facilitates switching the regeneration section 2A and the drying section 2B to each other.
The operation of the heat pump system according to the present invention in the cooling mode and the heating mode, respectively, will be described below.
When the cooling mode is started in summer, the front-end heat exchanger 4 serves as a condenser in the system and forms a refrigerant circuit with the evaporator 9 in the air-conditioning case 7. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram (solid line) of the refrigerant circuit of such a heat pump system in the cooling mode. As shown in fig. 5, the refrigerant flowing through the front-end heat exchanger 4 sequentially reaches the expansion valve 18, the evaporator 9, the gas-liquid separator 15, and the compressor 16, and then is driven by the fan 17 to reach the internal condenser 11, whereby cold air can be taken into the cabin H, and the refrigerant can then return to the front-end heat exchanger 4. The air conditioning blower 8 draws outside air or inside circulating air into the air conditioning system, through the evaporator 9 into the distribution chamber 12, the mixing damper 10A can be partially or fully opened to allow a portion of the air flow to pass through the internal condenser 11 and then into the distribution chamber 12, and the air flow finally enters the required air conditioning duct 13A depending on the state of the respective mode damper 10B (only fully opened or fully closed), and then through the outlet grille 14 or directly into the cabin H. The mode damper 10B of the regeneration duct 13B is kept closed at all times in the cooling mode.
When the heating mode is started in winter, the front-end heat exchanger 4, as an evaporator in the system, constitutes a refrigerant circuit with the internal condenser 11 in the air-conditioning case 7. Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram (solid line) of the refrigerant circuit of such a heat pump system in the heating mode. As shown in fig. 6, the refrigerant flowing through the front-end heat exchanger 4 is driven by the fan 17 to reach the gas-liquid separator 15 and the compressor 16 in this order, and then driven by the fan 17 to reach the interior condenser 11, whereby hot air is taken into the cabin H, and the refrigerant is then returned to the front-end heat exchanger 4 by the expansion valve 18. The air conditioning blower 8 draws outside air or inside circulating air into the air conditioning system, via the evaporator 9 into the distribution chamber 12, the mixing damper 10A can be partially or fully opened to allow part of the air flow to pass through the internal condenser 11 and then into the distribution chamber 12, the air flow finally entering the required air conditioning duct 13A depending on the state of the respective mode damper 10B (only fully opened or fully closed), and then via the grille 14 or directly into the cabin H. When the regeneration section 2A of the regenerable dehumidification device 2 requires regeneration, the damper 10B of the regeneration duct 13B is opened to allow hot air to flow through the regeneration duct 13B to dehumidify the regeneration section 2A.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the heating cycle lg p-h (pressure-enthalpy) of a heat pump system. In the heating mode, the Coefficient of Performance (COP, an abbreviation of "coeffient of Performance" in english) of the heat pump system according to the present invention can be expressed by the following formula:
COP＝△hcond/Wcomp＝1+△hevap/Wcomp，
wherein, △ hcond"denotes the enthalpy of the condenser," △ hevap"denotes evaporator enthalpy value," Wcomp"indicates the compressor done work value.
From this formula, it can be seen that the theoretical coefficient of performance of the heat pump system according to the present invention is necessarily greater than 1, and can even reach more than 2, when the heating mode is started in winter. Therefore, the heat pump system according to the present invention is suitable for an air conditioning scheme of an electric or hybrid vehicle, and does not cause a problem of frosting of the front-end heat exchanger in the heating mode.
While the technical content and the technical features of the invention have been disclosed, it is understood that various changes and modifications of the disclosed concept can be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit of the invention, and the invention is not limited thereto.
The above description of embodiments is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A heat pump system for an electric or hybrid vehicle, comprising a front end system and an air conditioning system, the front end system being arranged in a front end housing (6) and comprising in sequence in the direction of air flow: air-inlet grille (1), front end heat exchanger (4) and front end fan (5), air conditioning system arranges in air conditioner casing (7) and includes in proper order along the air current direction: air conditioning blower (8), evaporimeter (9), internal condenser (11), distribution chamber (12) and a plurality of wind channels, air conditioning system still includes control airflow part or complete pass through mix air door (10A) and the control airflow of internal condenser (11) follow mode air door (10B) that distribution chamber (12) got into different wind channels, its characterized in that, front end system is including being located renewable dehydrating unit (2) of front end heat exchanger (4) upstream, air conditioning system's wind channel makes the air orientation including making air entering cockpit air conditioning wind channel (13A) and under the heating mode renewable dehydrating unit (2) flow in order to be for renewable dehydrating unit (2) dehumidified regeneration wind channel (13B).
2. Heat pump system according to claim 1, characterized in that the regenerative dehumidification device (2) comprises a drying section (2B) arranged in the front end housing (6) and a regeneration section (2A) arranged in a regeneration air duct (13B) of the air conditioning system, the drying section (2B) and the regeneration section (2A) being switchable according to a humidity value.
3. Heat pump system according to claim 2, characterized in that the front-end system comprises a humidity collection device (3) arranged in the front-end housing (6) and located near the dry section (2B) of the regenerable dehumidification device (2), the dry section (2B) and the regeneration section (2A) of the regenerable dehumidification device (2) being switchable according to the humidity value obtained by the humidity collection device (3).
4. A heat pump system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said regenerative dehumidification device (2) is a rotary wheel dehumidification device.
5. A heat pump system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the front-end heat exchanger (4) is a brazed parallel flow heat exchanger.
6. A heat pump system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the front-end fan (5) is a crossflow fan.
7. A heat pump system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the front-end housing (6) and the air-conditioning housing (7) are both made of plastic.
8. A heat pump system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the air conditioning blower (8) is a multi-wing centrifugal fan.
9. A heat pump system according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the evaporator (9) and the internal condenser (11) are both brazed heat exchangers.
10. An electric or hybrid vehicle, characterized in that it comprises a heat pump system according to any one of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710845451.9A CN109515106B (en) | 2017-09-19 | 2017-09-19 | Heat pump system for electric or hybrid vehicle and vehicle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710845451.9A CN109515106B (en) | 2017-09-19 | 2017-09-19 | Heat pump system for electric or hybrid vehicle and vehicle |
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| CN109515106A CN109515106A (en) | 2019-03-26 |
| CN109515106B true CN109515106B (en) | 2020-08-18 |
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Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP3271423B2 (en) * | 1994-04-01 | 2002-04-02 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Heat pump air conditioner dehumidifier for electric vehicles |
| JPH08216655A (en) * | 1995-02-16 | 1996-08-27 | Nippondenso Co Ltd | Heat pump type air conditioner for vehicle |
| CN101105347A (en) * | 2007-07-19 | 2008-01-16 | 上海交通大学 | Heating pump air conditioner capable of adjusting humidity |
| CN102538095A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-07-04 | 东风汽车股份有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted heat pump air conditioning system and defrosting method for vehicle-mounted heat pump air conditioning outdoor unit |
| CN107139685B (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2023-05-23 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Automobile, heat pump air conditioning system, automobile heat pump air conditioning assembly and control method of automobile heat pump air conditioning assembly |
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