CN109514069B - Stress deformation control method and device for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process - Google Patents
Stress deformation control method and device for electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN109514069B CN109514069B CN201811358844.8A CN201811358844A CN109514069B CN 109514069 B CN109514069 B CN 109514069B CN 201811358844 A CN201811358844 A CN 201811358844A CN 109514069 B CN109514069 B CN 109514069B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
The invention relates to a stress deformation control method and device for an electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing process. The method comprises the following steps: determining ideal temperature field distribution data S for generating minimum thermal stress during additive manufacturing based on material characteristics and thermal stress generation conditions of additive manufacturing0(ii) a Melting the metal wire by adopting a first electron gun, and forming in a layered manner according to a processing path strategy of the part; real-time temperature field distribution data S of forming layer acquired by adopting temperature monitoring probe1(ii) a Distributing data S of real-time temperature field1And ideal temperature field distribution data S0Comparing, when judging S1Deviation S0When the temperature of the part is increased, the electron beam spot is irradiated to the position of the part to be heated and is used as real-time temperature field distribution data S in the forming process after being emitted by a second electron gun and controlled by a scanning coil1And ideal temperature field distribution data S0When the situation is met, the second electron gun and the scanning coil stop working, and the first electron gun continues working until all layers of the part are formed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, in particular to a stress deformation control method and device for an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process.
Background
The electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing technology is a direct energy deposition process for directly manufacturing required parts or blanks by melting metal wires synchronously fed in by an electron beam in a vacuum environment and stacking the metal wires layer by layer according to a pre-planned path. The electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing technology has the characteristics of high forming speed, excellent internal quality and the like, and is suitable for high-efficiency and high-quality forming of large-scale high-performance metal components.
One of the bottlenecks in the fabrication of large metal components by electron beam fuse additive manufacturing is stress deformation control. At present, the main methods adopted for controlling the stress deformation are as follows: 1) and in the intermediate state stress relief annealing mode, when the internal stress accumulation of the part is large, the forming process is interrupted, the part blank is subjected to stress relief annealing, and the forming is continued after the annealing is finished. The method can achieve good deformation control effect, but the forming process is interrupted, the process complexity is increased, and the annealing is carried out under the vacuum condition, so that the cost and the period are increased. 2) And (3) forming in sections, namely dividing the part into a plurality of sections to be formed respectively, and then connecting the sections into a whole by machining interfaces and quickly forming. The method has been applied industrially, has good deformation control effect, and has the disadvantages of increasing the complexity of the process, weakening the integrity of the part, and increasing the cost and the period. 3) The auxiliary rolling, impact and the like have obvious test effects, but additional equipment needs to be added, the structure of the machine tool also needs to be specially adjusted, and the problem under the existing condition cannot be solved. In actual work, the deformation trend of parts is often controlled by adopting a comprehensive mode of multiple means, but the process complexity is increased, and the cost and the period are increased.
Therefore, the inventor provides a stress deformation control method and device for an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a stress deformation control method and a stress deformation control device for an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process, which can reduce the generation of thermal stress in the forming process, thereby reducing the deformation tendency and realizing the deformation control of large parts.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for controlling stress deformation in an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process, where the method includes:
determining ideal temperature field distribution data S0Determining ideal temperature field distribution data S for generating minimum thermal stress during additive manufacturing based on material characteristics and thermal stress generation conditions of additive manufacturing0；
Forming in layers according to a processing path strategy, melting metal wires by adopting a first electron gun, and forming in layers according to the processing path strategy of the part;
collecting real-time temperature field distribution data S1, and collecting real-time temperature field distribution data of a forming layer by using a temperature monitoring probe in the layering processing forming process S1;
and analyzing and processing the data, comparing the acquired real-time temperature field distribution data S1 with ideal temperature field distribution data S0, when the deviation of S1 from S0 is judged, emitting an electron beam through a second electron gun, irradiating the electron beam spot at the position of a forming layer of the part needing to be heated after being controlled by a scanning coil, and when the real-time temperature field distribution data S1 of the part in the forming process is equal to the ideal temperature field distribution data S0, stopping the second electron gun and the scanning coil from working, and continuing the working of the first electron gun until all layers of the part are formed.
Further, the determination of the ideal temperature field distribution data S0The method further comprises generating ideal temperature field distribution data S based on the three-dimensional model of the part manufactured by the additive manufacturing and the layered slice forming method0And (4) mapping.
Further, the method for forming in layers according to the machining path strategy further comprises generating an additive manufacturing machining path of the part based on the three-dimensional model of the part for additive manufacturing and the method for forming in layers.
Further, the real-time temperature field distribution data S is collected1The method of (1) further comprises acquiring temperature field data of the forming layer in real time using two or more temperature monitoring probes.
Further, the data analysis and processing method further comprises the step of collecting real-time temperature field distribution data S1And ideal temperature field distribution data S0And comparing to obtain a gradient curve chart of the temperature field distribution data difference of the forming layer.
And further, based on the gradient curve chart of the temperature field distribution data difference value of the forming layer, obtaining the position, needing to be heated, of the corresponding forming layer when the temperature field distribution data difference value is maximum, starting a second electron gun to emit an electron beam, and irradiating the electron beam spot on the position, needing to be heated, to heat the position after the electron beam spot is controlled by a scanning coil.
In a second aspect, there is provided a stress deformation control device for an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process, for the stress deformation control method of the first aspect, the device comprising a vacuum manufacturing chamber, in which:
the wire feeding mechanism is used for conveying metal wires;
a first electron gun for emitting a fuse electron beam for melting the metal wire fed by the wire feeder;
the second electron gun emits a heating electron beam which is used for irradiating the heating electron beam on the forming surface position of the part to be heated to heat the part;
two or more temperature monitoring probes are used for acquiring real-time temperature field distribution data S of a forming layer surface in the layered processing forming process1；
At least one scanning coil is arranged at the lower end of the outlet of the second electron gun and used for controlling the size and the strength of the light spot of the emitted electron beam; and the number of the first and second groups,
and a temperature control system is also arranged outside the vacuum manufacturing chamber and is used for receiving the data acquired by the temperature monitoring probe and analyzing and processing the data information.
Further, a corresponding scanning coil is also arranged at the lower end of the outlet of the first electron gun.
Further, a forming platform is arranged in the vacuum manufacturing chamber and is arranged below the first electron gun and the second electron gun and used for bearing formed parts in the additive manufacturing forming process.
Further, the arrangement positions of the first electron gun and the second electron gun can be adjusted.
In summary, the stress deformation control method and device of the electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing process of the invention can respectively emit the forming electron beam and the heating electron beam by arranging a plurality of electron guns, in the forming process, the real-time temperature field distribution data of the forming layer surface is collected by the temperature detection probe, then the real-time temperature field distribution data is compared with the ideal temperature field distribution data obtained under the minimum thermal stress, when the real-time temperature field distribution data of the forming surface deviates from the ideal temperature field distribution data, the electron guns for emitting the heating electron beam are started, and are controlled by the scanning coil to be irradiated at the position needing temperature rise to heat the heating up, the mode of locally scanning the part by a large beam spot of the electron gun is utilized, the point-hole type accurate stress relief annealing of the forming part is realized, the whole temperature gradient of the part is kept at a lower level, and the generation of the thermal stress is reduced, thereby radically reducing the deformation tendency of the parts.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a stress deformation control device of an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a stress deformation control method of an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process according to the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a vacuum manufacturing chamber; 2-temperature monitoring probe A; 3-a scanning coil; 4-a second electron gun; 5-a first electron gun; 6-temperature monitoring probe B; 7-a wire feeder; 8-temperature monitoring system.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are provided to illustrate the principles of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, but covers any modifications, alterations, and improvements in the parts, components, and connections without departing from the spirit of the invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the stress deformation control device of the electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process of the present invention includes a vacuum manufacturing chamber 1 and a temperature control system 8 disposed outside the vacuum manufacturing chamber 1, and as a preferred embodiment, the vacuum manufacturing chamber 1 is configured with: a temperature monitoring probe a2, a temperature monitoring probe B6, a wire feeder 7, a first electron gun 5, a second electron gun 4, and a scanning coil 3 disposed under the respective electron guns. Wherein, the wire feeding mechanism 7 is used for conveying metal wires; the first electron gun 5 emits a fuse electron beam for melting the metal wire fed by the wire feeder 7; the second electron gun 4 emits a heating electron beam which is used for irradiating the heating electron beam on the forming surface position of the part to be heated to heat the part; in the layered machining forming process, two or more temperature monitoring probes 8 are used for acquiring real-time temperature field distribution data S1 of a forming layer; at least one scanning coil 3 is arranged at the lower end of an outlet of the second electron gun 5 and used for controlling the size and the strength of light spots of the emitted electron beams; and the temperature control system 8 outside the vacuum manufacturing chamber 1 is used for receiving the data collected by the temperature monitoring probe and analyzing and processing the data information.
As an alternative embodiment, a corresponding scanning coil is also provided at the lower end of the outlet of the first electron gun 5.
Preferably, a forming platform is further provided in the vacuum manufacturing chamber 1, the forming platform being provided below the first electron gun 5 and the second electron gun 4 for carrying formed parts in an additive manufacturing forming process.
Preferably, the arrangement positions of the first electron gun 5 and the second electron gun 4 can be adjusted, and the installation device of each electron gun can be adjusted during specific implementation so as to meet the forming requirement. Furthermore, the first electron gun 5 and the second electron gun 4 can adopt the electron guns of the prior art with various specifications, so that the two guns can be used interchangeably, and the invention does not limit the number of the electron guns, and in practice, a corresponding number of the electron guns can be arranged according to the forming requirements.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling stress deformation in an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process, which may adopt the apparatus in the foregoing embodiment, and the method of the present invention at least includes the following steps S210 to S240:
step S210 is to determine ideal temperature field distribution data S0Determining ideal temperature field distribution data S for generating minimum thermal stress during additive manufacturing based on material characteristics and thermal stress generation conditions of additive manufacturing0。
The method also comprises the step of generating ideal temperature field distribution data S based on the three-dimensional model of the part manufactured by the additive manufacturing and the layered slice forming method0And (4) mapping.
Step S220 is a step of forming in layers according to the machining path strategy, in which the metal wire is melted by using the first electron gun 5, and the metal wire is formed in layers according to the machining path strategy of the part.
In this step, the method of forming in layers according to the machining path strategy further includes generating an additive manufacturing machining path for the part based on the three-dimensional model of the part for additive manufacturing and the method of forming in layers.
Step S230 is to collect real-time temperature field distribution data S1In the layered machining forming process, a temperature monitoring probe A2 and a temperature monitoring probe B6 are adopted to acquire real-time temperature field distribution data S of a forming layer1。
In this step, two or more temperature monitoring probes may be used to collect the temperature field data of the formation layer in real time, and the collected data is transmitted to the temperature control system 8 for processing.
Step S240 is data analysis and processing, and the collected real-time temperature field distribution data S1And ideal temperature field distribution data S0Comparing, when judging S1Deviation S0When the temperature of the part is increased, the second electron gun 4 emits electron beams, and the electron beams are controlled by the scanning coil 3 to irradiate high-power electron beam spots on the forming layer surface of the part to be heated, so that real-time temperature field distribution data S of the part in the forming process1And ideal temperature field distribution data S0At the same time, the second electron gun 4 and the scanning coil 3 are stopped and the first electron gun 5 continues to operate until all the layers of the part are formed.
In this step, the data analysis processing method further includes collecting real-time temperature field distribution data S1And ideal temperature field distribution data S0And comparing to obtain a gradient curve chart of the temperature field distribution data difference of the forming layer. The gradient curve graph can be visually displayed through a visual display interface.
Further, based on the gradient curve chart of the temperature field distribution data difference of the forming layer, the position, which needs to be heated, of the forming layer corresponding to the maximum temperature field distribution data difference is obtained, the second electron gun 4 is started to emit electron beams, and after the electron beams are controlled by the scanning coil 3, the electron beam spots are irradiated on the position, which needs to be heated, so that the temperature of the position needs to be heated.
It should be clear that the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts in the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. For embodiments of the method, reference is made to the description of the apparatus embodiments in part. The present invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the drawings. Also, a detailed description of known process techniques is omitted herein for the sake of brevity.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not limited to the present application. Various modifications and alterations to this application will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of this invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A stress deformation control method of an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining ideal temperature field distribution data S0Determining ideal temperature field distribution data S for generating minimum thermal stress during additive manufacturing based on material characteristics and thermal stress generation conditions of additive manufacturing0；
Forming in layers according to a processing path strategy, melting metal wires by adopting a first electron gun, and forming in layers according to the processing path strategy of the part;
collecting real-time temperature field distribution data S1In the layered forming process, a temperature monitoring probe is adopted to acquire real-time temperature field distribution data S of a forming layer1；
Analyzing and processing the data, and distributing the acquired real-time temperature fieldData S1And ideal temperature field distribution data S0Comparing, when judging S1Deviation S0When the temperature of the part is increased, the electron beam spot is irradiated to the position of the forming layer of the part to be heated after being emitted by the second electron gun and controlled by the scanning coil, and when the real-time temperature field distribution data S of the part in the forming process1And ideal temperature field distribution data S0When the situation is relatively high, the second electron gun and the scanning coil stop working, and the first electron gun continues working until all layer surfaces of the part are formed;
the second electron gun carries out point-hitting type accurate stress relief annealing on the formed part;
determining ideal temperature field distribution data S0The method further comprises generating ideal temperature field distribution data S based on the three-dimensional model of the part manufactured by the additive manufacturing and the layered slice forming method0And (4) mapping.
2. The method of stress-strain control of an electron-beam fuse additive manufacturing process of claim 1, wherein the method of forming in layers according to the process path strategy further comprises generating an additive manufacturing process path for the part based on a three-dimensional model of the part for additive manufacturing and a method of forming in layers slices.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the collecting real-time temperature field distribution data S is performed by a stress deformation control method of an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process1The method of (1) further comprises acquiring temperature field data of the forming layer in real time using two or more temperature monitoring probes.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the data analysis processing method further comprises collecting real-time temperature field distribution data S1And ideal temperature field distribution data S0And comparing to obtain a gradient curve chart of the temperature field distribution data difference of the forming layer.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein a temperature-rise position of the formation layer corresponding to the maximum difference in temperature field distribution data is obtained based on a gradient curve graph of the difference in temperature field distribution data of the formation layer, and the second electron gun is started to emit the electron beam, and the electron beam spot is irradiated to the temperature-rise position to raise the temperature after being controlled by the scanning coil.
6. A stress deformation control device for an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process, for use in the method of any of claims 1-5, the device comprising a vacuum manufacturing chamber having disposed therein:
the wire feeding mechanism is used for conveying metal wires;
a first electron gun for emitting a fuse electron beam for melting the metal wire fed by the wire feeder;
the second electron gun emits a heating electron beam which is used for irradiating the heating electron beam on the forming surface position of the part to be heated to heat the part;
two or more temperature monitoring probes are used for acquiring real-time temperature field distribution data S of a forming layer surface in the layered processing forming process1；
At least one scanning coil is arranged at the lower end of the outlet of the second electron gun and used for controlling the size and the strength of the light spot of the emitted electron beam; and the number of the first and second groups,
and a temperature control system is also arranged outside the vacuum manufacturing chamber and is used for receiving the data acquired by the temperature monitoring probe and analyzing and processing the data information.
7. The apparatus for controlling stress deformation in an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process according to claim 6, wherein a corresponding scanning coil is also provided at a lower end of an outlet of the first electron gun.
8. The apparatus for controlling stress deformation in an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process according to claim 6, wherein a forming platform is further disposed in the vacuum manufacturing chamber, and the forming platform is disposed below the first electron gun and the second electron gun and is used for carrying a formed part in an additive manufacturing forming process.
9. The apparatus for controlling stress deformation in an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process according to claim 6, wherein the first electron gun and the second electron gun are adjustable in position.
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| CN110125402A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-16 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | A kind of efficient low stress electron beam fuse deposition formation method |
| CN111198547B (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-12-29 | 重庆大学 | Self-feedback control method and system for coordinated optimization of flatness and residual stress of accumulated material |
| CN112632724A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-09 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | Test design and structured data acquisition method for metal additive manufacturing process system |
| CN114406431B (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-03-21 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Monitoring system for electron beam welding temperature |
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