CN109514067B - Preparation method of high-strength TA18 titanium alloy component based on electron beam fuse material increase - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-strength TA18 titanium alloy component based on electron beam fuse material increase Download PDFInfo
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- CN109514067B CN109514067B CN201811291843.6A CN201811291843A CN109514067B CN 109514067 B CN109514067 B CN 109514067B CN 201811291843 A CN201811291843 A CN 201811291843A CN 109514067 B CN109514067 B CN 109514067B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-strength TA18 titanium alloy component based on electron beam fuse material increase, which comprises the following steps of determining a component transition area of the titanium alloy component, establishing a three-dimensional CAD solid model according to the titanium alloy component, and generating an implementable path according to the width W of a single deposition layer, the thickness L of a single layer and the lap joint rate gamma; performing electron beam fuse material increase manufacturing according to the path to finish the deposition of the single-layer titanium alloy wire; completing the deposition of a single-layer titanium alloy wire according to the steps, and rapidly scanning the single-layer titanium alloy wire along the direction vertical to the deposition direction by adopting an electron beam with a small beam current; completing the additive manufacturing of the component until all the sheet layers are deposited; and cutting off the transition region part, and annealing the component. The method has wide sources of additive raw materials, and has finished TA2 and TC4 welding wires without specially-made TA18 welding wires. The method has high production efficiency and low production cost, can realize the direct forming of the complex component, and shortens the manufacturing time of the complex component.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of titanium and titanium alloy component preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a high-strength TA18 titanium alloy component based on electron beam fuse material increase.
Background
The TA18(Ti3Al2.5V) alloy is low-alloying alpha + beta type titanium alloy close to alpha, has good mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperature, excellent plasticity, formability and welding property in cold and hot processing processes, and can realize good strength and plasticity matching through heat treatment. Therefore, the composite material has excellent comprehensive performance and becomes the preferred material of a pipeline system in the field of aerospace. However, TA18 titanium alloy components are difficult to produce, because of large deformation resistance and strong work hardening, the preparation process is easy to crack, the rate of finished products is low, and the production cost is high.
The additive manufacturing is a technology for achieving flat layer slicing and path planning by using a computer-aided technology based on a three-dimensional digital model and achieving metal powder or wire material accumulation manufacturing to obtain a complete solid part by adopting a corresponding numerical control technology. The technology covers many technical fields, has wide application range and is known as an important mark for third-time industrial leather hit digital manufacturing. Among them, electron beam fuse additive manufacturing (EBFF) is widely used for additive manufacturing of titanium alloy because of its high production efficiency, good surface formation, and no influence of air impurities in vacuum during processing.
At present, TA18 titanium alloy components are prepared by extruding and forging cast ingots. The mat-brocade meeting and the like adopt first-grade sponge titanium and intermediate alloy aluminum vanadium according to a designed proportion for batching, the materials are fully mixed and then pressed into blocks, cast ingots are prepared by adopting a vacuum melting method, a bar is formed by free forging, and finally, the pipe is obtained by extrusion molding, wherein the highest tensile strength of the pipe is 890MPa, and the elongation of the pipe is 15%. The invention patent with publication number CN102304633A provides a method for manufacturing TA18 titanium alloy ingots, which adopts a multi-time vacuum melting method to reduce impurities in the preparation process, but the melting process is long in time and complicated in procedure. The invention patent with publication number CN102974645A provides a method for preparing TA18 pipe, which adopts multiple rolling treatments to obtain high-precision pipe and realizes the purpose of improving surface smoothness by changing the proportion of lubricating oil, but the multiple rolling treatments have large internal stress of components and are easy to crack and deform. The methods have the disadvantages of high production cost, long production period and large production batch, and cannot realize small-scale sample preparation.
At present, the TA18 titanium alloy part is cast ingot by vacuum melting and forging molding, the process flow is complex, and the consumed time is long. Meanwhile, the method for preparing the TA18 titanium alloy member by additive manufacturing is less researched, mainly because the corresponding wire is difficult to prepare.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a high-strength TA18 titanium alloy member based on electron beam fuse material increase, which is used for solving the defects that the traditional TA18 titanium alloy member is high in preparation cost, large in deformation stress existing in preparation forming and difficult to realize small-batch production.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
the preparation method of the high-strength TA18 titanium alloy component based on electron beam fuse material increase comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a component transition area of the titanium alloy component, establishing a three-dimensional CAD solid model according to the titanium alloy component, and slicing and layering along the model forming direction;
(2) guiding the sheet layer into a computer, and generating an implementable path according to the width W of a single deposition layer, the thickness L of a single layer and the lap joint rate gamma;
(3) performing electron beam fuse additive manufacturing according to the path, wherein TC4 is used as an additive substrate, TC4 and TA2 are used as fuse materials, and the TC4 and the TA2 are deposited by wire feeding mixing at the same time, so that single-layer titanium alloy wire deposition is completed;
(4) completing the deposition of a single-layer titanium alloy wire according to the steps, and rapidly scanning the single-layer titanium alloy wire along the direction vertical to the deposition direction by adopting an electron beam with a small beam current;
(5) and (5) repeating the processes of the steps (3) and (4) until all the sheet layers are deposited, and finishing the additive manufacturing of the component.
(6) And cutting off the transition region part, and annealing the component.
Further, since TC4 is used as an additive substrate, the composition of several layers fluctuates before deposition, so that the three-dimensional model of the part needs to preset a composition transition region with the thickness of 5-10mm, the region connects the substrate and the additive part, and the shape of the region is consistent with the bottom surface of the part.
Furthermore, in order to realize component control and surface forming precision, the width W of a single deposition layer ranges from 3mm to 8mm, the thickness L of a single layer ranges from 0.2mm to 1mm, and the overlap ratio gamma ranges from 0.4 mm to 0.6.
Further, the method adopts TC4 as an additive substrate, TA2 and TC4 as additive raw materials, the thickness of the TC4 substrate is 10mm-20mm, and the diameters of TC4 and TA2 wires are 0.8mm-1.4 mm.
Furthermore, in order to reduce the content of TA18 impurities and improve the plasticity of the material, the method adopts an electron beam fuse additive system with high vacuum degree, and the vacuum degree of an additive forming chamber is 3 x 10 < -2 > to 5 x 10 < -2 > MPa.
Further, the process parameters of the electron beam fuse additive manufacturing are as follows: the power of the electron beam fuse wire additive system is 1000W-3000W, the deposition speed is 20-40cm/min, the wire feed speed is 0.3-0.7m/min, the diameter of the electron beam spot is 1-3mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 200-300 ℃.
Furthermore, after the monolayer deposition is finished, the surface is scanned by adopting an electron beam, the power is 200-.
Furthermore, in order to reduce component segregation, the distance and the angle between the TA2 wire and the TC4 wire and the substrate are consistent, the TA2 wire and the TC4 wire are in the same plane, the angle between the TA2 wire and the TC4 wire and the substrate is 30-60 degrees, and the distance between the center of the wire end and the center of the molten pool is 0.2-0.5 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) the method has wide sources of additive raw materials, and has finished TA2 and TC4 welding wires without specially-made TA18 welding wires.
(2) The method has high production efficiency and low production cost, can realize the direct forming of the complex component, and shortens the manufacturing time of the complex component.
(3) The method can realize small-batch production and is convenient for the structural design test of the parts at the early stage.
(4) The TA18 titanium alloy additive component surface prepared by the method.
(5) The TA18 titanium alloy member obtained by the method has small internal deformation stress and high tensile strength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a TA18 titanium alloy article made in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure topography of a TA18 titanium alloy component prepared in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the XRD analysis results of TA18 titanium alloy structural member prepared by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
The preparation method of the high-strength TA18 titanium alloy component based on electron beam fuse material increase comprises the following steps:
(1) designing a component transition area according to an actual part structure, establishing a three-dimensional CAD solid model according to the designed part structure, and slicing and layering along the model forming direction;
(2) guiding the sheet layer into a computer, and generating an implementable path according to the width W of a single deposition layer, the thickness L of a single layer and the lap joint rate gamma;
(3) performing electron beam fuse additive manufacturing according to the path, wherein TC4 is used as an additive substrate, TC4 and TA2 are used as fuse materials, and the TC4 and the TA2 are deposited by wire feeding mixing at the same time, so that single-layer titanium alloy wire deposition is completed;
(4) completing the deposition of a single-layer titanium alloy wire according to the steps, and rapidly scanning the single-layer titanium alloy wire along the direction vertical to the deposition direction by adopting an electron beam with a small beam current;
(5) and (5) repeating the processes of the steps (3) and (4) until all the sheet layers are deposited, and finishing the additive manufacturing of the component.
(6) And cutting off the transition region part, and annealing the component.
Since TC4 is used as an additive substrate, the composition of a few layers before deposition fluctuates, so that the three-dimensional model of the part needs to preset a composition transition region with the thickness of 5-10mm, the region connects the substrate and the additive part, and the shape of the region is consistent with the bottom surface of the part.
In order to realize component control and surface forming precision, the width W of a single deposition layer ranges from 3mm to 8mm, the thickness L of a single layer ranges from 0.2mm to 1mm, and the overlap ratio gamma ranges from 0.4 mm to 0.6.
The method adopts TC4 as an additive substrate, TA2 and TC4 as additive raw materials, the thickness of the TC4 substrate is 10mm-20mm, and the diameters of TC4 and TA2 wires are 0.8mm-1.4 mm.
In order to reduce the content of TA18 impurities and improve the plasticity of the material, the method adopts an electron beam fuse additive system with high vacuum degree, and the vacuum degree of an additive forming chamber is 3 x 10 < -2 > to 5 x 10 < -2 > MPa.
The process parameters of the electron beam fuse additive manufacturing are as follows: the power of the electron beam fuse wire additive system is 1000W-3000W, the deposition speed is 20-40cm/min, the wire feed speed is 0.3-0.7m/min, the diameter of the electron beam spot is 1-3mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 200-300 ℃.
After the monolayer deposition is finished, the surface is scanned by adopting an electron beam, the power is 200-.
In order to reduce component segregation, the distance and the angle between the TA2 wire and the TC4 wire and the substrate are consistent, the TA2 wire and the TC4 wire are on the same plane, the angle between the TA2 wire and the TC4 wire and the substrate is 30-60 degrees, and the distance between the center of the wire end and the center of the molten pool is 0.2-0.5 mm.
Examples
In this embodiment, a method for manufacturing a high-strength TA18 titanium alloy member based on electron beam fuse additive is designed, and taking an electron beam fuse additive TA18 titanium alloy plate as an example, the method includes the following steps:
(1) TC4 base plates with the size of 300X 10mm are used as base plates for additive manufacturing, the surfaces of the base plates are ground by No. 240 and No. 400 sandpaper, the surfaces are wiped by using acetone to remove oil stains, and TC4 and TA2 welding wires with the diameter of 1.2mm are selected.
(2) The TC4 substrate is fixed on a workbench, and the wire feeding positions of TA2 and TC4 are adjusted, so that the front wire feeding section is positioned in the same plane, the angle between the front wire feeding end and the substrate is 45 degrees, and the distance between the front wire feeding end and the substrate is controlled to be 0.2 mm.
(3) The electron beam fuse wire additive power is set to be 2500W, the focusing center is positioned on the upper surface of the substrate, the deposition speed is set to be 30cm/min, and the wire feeding speed is set to be 0.4 m/min.
(4) Establishing a three-dimensional model, adding a transition layer, planning a path through slicing and path planning software, deriving a machine language, and inputting the machine language into the electron beam fuse wire additive manufacturing equipment.
(5) After setting relevant parameters, the electron beam fuse wire is continuously deposited to finish single-layer deposition.
(6) Setting the power of electron beam at 400W and the scanning speed at 400mm/min, and carrying out surface homogenization treatment on the deposition layer.
(7) And (5) adjusting the height of the working platform downwards, adjusting the distance between the front end of the wire feeding and the deposition layer to be 0.2mm, and repeating the step (5) and the step (6) at an interval of 10s until the additive component is manufactured.
(8) And cooling the additive manufacturing component in a vacuum environment, cutting the transition layer after cooling to room temperature, and performing subsequent heat treatment.
By adopting the method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the TA18 titanium alloy additive component with good forming is obtained, the interlayer fusion is good, the surface is smooth, the oxidation phenomenon is avoided, and the strength reaches 1030 MPa. The forming effect is shown in fig. 1. As can be seen from the figure, the main structures of the beta-phase are a lamellar alpha phase and an intercrystalline beta phase, and the high-temperature beta phase preferentially nucleates and grows along with the reduction of the central temperature of a deposited layer in the process of single-layer deposition. When the temperature is reduced below the beta phase transformation point, the beta phase in the partial region is transformed into a fine acicular martensite structure alpha 'due to the rapid cooling speed, and the alpha' phase and the beta phase maintain the Bradt phase relationship, and the habit surface is (334) beta or (344) beta. When the temperature is further decreased, the α phase nucleates and grows along a different habit surface at the β phase grain boundary. Finally, alpha phase grains coarsen, original beta phase grain boundaries are destroyed and widmannstatten structures are finally formed. Due to the difference of cooling speed, the growth time of alpha phase of the lamella is different, and the grain size of alpha phase is different, so that different lamella intervals exist.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a high-strength TA18 titanium alloy component based on electron beam fuse material increase is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining a component transition area of the titanium alloy component, establishing a three-dimensional CAD solid model according to the titanium alloy component, and slicing and layering along the model forming direction to obtain a sheet layer;
(2) guiding the sheet layer into a computer, and generating an implementable path according to the width W of a single deposition layer, the thickness L of a single layer and the lap joint rate gamma;
(3) performing electron beam fuse additive manufacturing according to the path, wherein TC4 is used as an additive substrate, TC4 and TA2 are used as fuse materials in the electron beam fuse additive manufacturing process, and TC4 and TA2 are deposited in a wire-feeding mixing mode at the same time, so that single-layer titanium alloy wire deposition is completed;
(4) completing the deposition of a single-layer titanium alloy wire according to the step (3), and rapidly scanning by adopting an electron beam with small beam current along the direction vertical to the deposition direction;
(5) repeating the processes of the steps (3) and (4) until all the sheet layers are deposited, and finishing the additive manufacturing of the titanium alloy component;
(6) and cutting off the component transition region part, and annealing the titanium alloy component.
2. The method for preparing the high-strength TA18 titanium alloy component based on the electron beam fuse additive according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the composition transition region is 5-10mm, the composition transition region is connected with the additive substrate and the titanium alloy component, and the shape of the composition transition region is consistent with the bottom surface of the titanium alloy component.
3. The method for preparing the high-strength TA18 titanium alloy component based on the electron beam fuse additive according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in order to realize component control and surface forming precision, the width W of a single deposition layer ranges from 3mm to 8mm, the single layer thickness L ranges from 0.2mm to 1mm, and the lapping rate gamma ranges from 0.4 mm to 0.6.
4. The method for preparing the high-strength TA18 titanium alloy component based on the electron beam fuse additive according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the TC4 substrate is 10mm-20mm, and the diameters of the TC4 and TA2 wires are 0.8mm-1.4 mm.
5. The method for preparing high-strength TA18 titanium alloy member based on electron beam fuse additive according to claim 1Characterized in that: adopts an electron beam fuse material increasing system with high vacuum degree of 3 multiplied by 10-2—5×10-2MPa。
6. The method for preparing the high-strength TA18 titanium alloy component based on the electron beam fuse additive according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the process parameters of the electron beam fuse additive manufacturing are as follows: the power of the electron beam fuse wire additive system is 1000W-3000W, the deposition speed is 20-40cm/min, the wire feed speed is 0.3-0.7m/min, the diameter of the electron beam spot is 1-3mm, and the interlayer temperature is controlled at 200-300 ℃.
7. The method for preparing the high-strength TA18 titanium alloy component based on the electron beam fuse additive according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after the deposition of the single-layer titanium alloy wire is finished, scanning the surface by adopting an electron beam with a small beam current, wherein the power of the electron beam is 200-400W, and the scanning speed is 300-600 mm/min.
8. The method for preparing the high-strength TA18 titanium alloy component based on the electron beam fuse additive according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the wire feeding process, the distance and the angle between the TA2 wire and the TC4 wire and the additive substrate are kept consistent, the TA2 wire and the TC4 wire are in the same plane, the angle between the TA2 wire and the TC4 wire and the additive substrate is 30-60 degrees, and the distance between the center of the wire end and the center of a molten pool is 0.2-0.5 mm.
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| CN112139649B (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2022-08-16 | 南京理工大学 | Method for preparing titanium-aluminum intermetallic compound based on electron beam dual-wire fuse in-situ additive manufacturing |
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| DE102015217774A1 (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2017-03-23 | Continental Reifen Deutschland Gmbh | Method for producing a stud for a vehicle tire |
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