CN109509897B - Water flow field for static drainage fuel cell water guide bipolar plate - Google Patents
Water flow field for static drainage fuel cell water guide bipolar plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109509897B CN109509897B CN201811527779.7A CN201811527779A CN109509897B CN 109509897 B CN109509897 B CN 109509897B CN 201811527779 A CN201811527779 A CN 201811527779A CN 109509897 B CN109509897 B CN 109509897B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
- H01M8/0263—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant having meandering or serpentine paths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
- H01M8/04149—Humidifying by diffusion, e.g. making use of membranes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04171—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal using adsorbents, wicks or hydrophilic material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a water flow field of a static drainage fuel cell water guide bipolar plate, which is arranged in a water cavity of the bipolar plate, the water flow field is provided with a concave structure, a water guide component is arranged at the concave part, and the water guide component can be a continuous and high-hydrophilicity wire, rope or porous metal fiber and the like, so that the actual water guide area of the water guide plate can be increased, and the stability of the fuel cell is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), in particular to a cooling water cavity flow field structure of a bipolar plate of a fuel cell.
Background
The bipolar plate is a key component of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell battery pack, and mainly plays roles in conducting electricity, collecting current, separating oxidant and reducing agent, guiding the flow of the oxidant and the reducing agent in the battery, guiding the flow of cooling water in the battery and the like in a fuel cell stack. Different types of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks adopt different drainage modes, and bipolar plates and structures used by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks have great differences, such as a dynamic drainage mode, a static drainage mode and the like.
When the fuel cell stack adopts a static drainage mode, the bipolar plate is a novel fuel cell structure, and the traditional compact bipolar plate is replaced by the bipolar plate with a porous structure. The water guide bipolar plate has a microporous structure, water can be filled in pores for migration, and a liquid seal gas effect is achieved below the gas bubble point pressure.
When the bipolar plate works, the cooling liquid flow field of the water cavity not only plays a role in guiding flow, but also plays a role in conducting electricity. This requires that the coolant flow field must be in intimate contact with the hydrogen and oxygen plates to increase electrical conductivity. However, because the fuel cell water-conducting bipolar plate has a microporous structure, when the coolant flow field is in close contact with the hydrogen electrode plate and the oxygen electrode plate, the water-conducting area of the microporous plate is easily reduced, which causes unsmooth drainage of the contact part, resulting in relatively large drainage resistance of the corresponding electrode part, and thus causing flooding of the corresponding electrode part. Therefore, in order to increase the actual water guiding area of the micro porous plate and further improve the stability of the fuel cell, the conventional water flow field structure needs to be improved.
Patent CN200710025555.1 describes a bipolar plate for fuel cell, in which the water flow field is made of flexible graphite, and only the patent suggests that the graphite water flow field is 50-100 microns higher than the spacing frame. However, the bipolar plate water flow field is the structure of a traditional bipolar plate, and has ridges and grooves. Because the research reports of the fuel cell water guide bipolar plate with the static drainage function are few, the research of the water flow field structure is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a water flow field for a static drainage fuel cell water guide bipolar plate, which specifically comprises the following steps: the water guide bipolar plate comprises an oxygen polar plate and a hydrogen polar plate, and is provided with a microporous structure, a water flow field is provided with ridges and grooves, and at least one side surface of each ridge is provided with a concave structure. When the water flow field is of an independent structure, one of the oxygen polar plate and the hydrogen polar plate is a microporous plate, and the concave structure faces the microporous plate; when the oxygen electrode plate and the hydrogen electrode plate are both microporous plates, both sides of the ridge are provided with concave structures. The water guide assembly is arranged in the recess, so that water can fully contact with more area of the water guide plate along the water guide assembly, and the water in the battery during operation is discharged from the water guide plate in the largest area. The recessed structure of the flow field ridges is mainly designed for the fuel cell with the static drainage function. The bipolar plate has better water-conducting capacity and is suitable for proton exchange membrane fuel cells working at high current density.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a concave structure is arranged on a water flow field ridge of a cooling cavity of the fuel cell water guide bipolar plate, a water guide component is placed in the concave structure, and the water guide component is a high-hydrophilicity wire, rope or porous fiber and the like. The structure can increase the actual water guide area of the polar plate micro-porous plate, further improve the water discharge rate of the electrode generated water through the water guide assembly, and ensure the stable operation of the battery.
As a preferable technical scheme, the water guide bipolar plate comprises an oxygen electrode plate and a hydrogen electrode plate, and the oxygen electrode plate and the hydrogen electrode plate are mutually overlapped to form the bipolar plate. When the water flow field is of an independent structure, one of the oxygen polar plate and the hydrogen polar plate is a microporous plate, and the concave structure faces the microporous plate; when the oxygen electrode plate and the hydrogen electrode plate are both microporous plates, both sides of the ridge are provided with concave structures. When the water flow field and the oxygen pole plate are of an integrated structure or the water flow field and the hydrogen pole plate are of an integrated structure, the open surface of the ridge is provided with a concave structure, namely the concave structure is positioned on the surface of one side of the ridge, which is far away from the integrated structure.
As a preferred technical scheme, the water flow field is one of metal, graphite or carbon.
As a preferable technical scheme, the microporous plate is one of a porous metal plate, a porous graphite plate, a porous carbon plate or a porous polymer film.
As the preferred technical scheme, the water guide assembly is placed in the sunken structure of the water flow field. The water guide component is tightly attached to the microporous plate and is a wire, a rope or porous metal fiber with good hydrophilicity, and water at the position where the water flow field is tightly attached to the water guide plate is guided out by the wire, the rope, the porous plate or the porous fiber, so that the water inside the battery can be discharged from each position in the water guide plate when the battery operates.
As a preferable technical scheme, the concave structures on the water flow field are parallel to each other, or vertical to each other, or in a cross structure, or in a comb shape. The concave structure is beneficial to the water in the water cavity to fully enter the water guide plate, the generated water in the battery is fully discharged to the water cavity, and the contact resistance between the water flow field and the oxygen pole plate and the hydrogen pole plate is not increased.
Preferably, the water guide component placed in the water flow field concave structure is a continuous hydrophilic porous plate or a metal fiber felt. The continuous water guide assembly can continuously guide water out.
As a preferable technical scheme, the water guide assembly of the water flow field is arranged in all or part of the recessed structure, or can be arranged between the microporous plate and the water flow field outside the recessed structure. And at least one end of the water guide component is 0-50 mm longer than the water flow field, and the discharged water can be fully discharged to the water cavity along the water guide component, so that the water in the battery during operation is discharged from the water guide plate in the largest area as possible.
As a preferred technical solution, the bipolar plate water flow field may also flow other coolant besides water.
The invention has the following advantages: when the water guide bipolar plate works in a fuel cell, if the wetting degree of the membrane is not enough, water in the cooling water cavity passes through the micropores of the water guide bipolar plate to humidify reaction gas, so that the membrane is wetted; when liquid water in the diffusion layer or the flow field is excessive, the water guide bipolar plate can transfer the water to the water cavity to ensure the effective transmission of gas, so that the water guide bipolar plate can humidify and discharge water. The invention provides a water flow field structure of a fuel cell water guide bipolar plate with a static drainage function, and the method designs the water flow field of the water guide bipolar plate, can increase the actual water guide area of a polar plate microporous plate, further improves the drainage rate of electrode generated water, and ensures the stable operation of the cell. The water guide plate has better water guide capacity and is suitable for proton exchange membrane fuel cells working at high current density.
1. The process is simple. The water guide assembly is directly placed in the concave structure of the flow field, and the process is simple and feasible.
2. The utilization rate of the water guide plate is high. The dead volume of the contact between the water flow field and the polar plate is reduced, the opening area of the flow field is increased, and the utilization rate of the water guide plate is effectively improved.
In a word, the water flow field of the fuel cell bipolar plate can enable water to fully contact more areas of the water guide plate along the water guide assembly, effectively improves the utilization rate of the water guide plate, enables the water inside the cell to be discharged from the water guide plate in the largest area during the operation of the cell, and improves the working stability of the fuel cell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a water conducting bipolar plate configuration of an independent water flow field;
FIG. 2 is an external view of an independent water flow field;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of a conventional flow field;
FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the water flow field parallel structure recessed structure of the present invention:
fig. 5 voltage current curve.
1 is micropore carbon plate hydrogen polar plate, 2 is independent water flow field, 3 is oxygen polar plate, 4 sunk structure, 5 ridges, 6 grooves.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A bipolar plate flow field structure of an independent water flow field is designed through experiments. As shown in figure 1, the invention designs a structure diagram of a water guide bipolar plate and an independent water flow field. Fig. 2 shows an appearance diagram of an independent water flow field, the width of the flow field is 5mm, and the thickness of the flow field is 1.2mm, fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view (without a concave structure) of a conventional flow field, wherein 6 is a groove of the conventional flow field, and 5 is a ridge of the conventional flow field.
The polar plate adopts a microporous carbon plate as a hydrogen polar plate, and a parallel type concave structure 4 is processed on the surface of the ridge 5 close to one side of a water flow field of the hydrogen polar plate, as shown in a partial enlarged view of fig. 4. The width of the concave structure 4 is 3mm, the depth is 3/4 of the thickness of the flow field, then stainless steel fibers with the thickness of 0.9mm and the width of 2mm are placed in the concave structure 4, the stainless steel fibers are placed at the position of the concave structure 4 shown in figure 4, then the water flow field containing the stainless steel fibers is fixed on the hydrogen plate, the length of the stainless steel fibers is 30mm longer than that of the water flow field, and finally the water guide bipolar plate containing the water guide assembly is formed.
The performance test is carried out by using the water guide bipolar plate as a fuel cell, and the voltage and current curve is shown in figure 5, wherein type 1 represents the cell performance curve assembled by the traditional water flow field, and type 2 represents the cell performance curve assembled by the water flow field of the invention. The current density of the battery is 800mAcm at the voltage of 0.65V-2And when the battery voltage of the water guide bipolar plate without the water guide component is 0.65V, the current density is 600mAcm-2。
The water guide bipolar plate containing the water guide assembly can greatly improve the output performance of the battery, and has important significance for improving the specific power of the battery and promoting the application of the battery.
Claims (6)
1. A water flow field for a static drainage fuel cell water guide bipolar plate, the water guide bipolar plate has a micropore structure, the water flow field is provided with ridges and grooves, and the water flow field is characterized in that: a concave structure is arranged on at least one side surface of the ridge,
a water guide component is arranged in the concave structure;
the water guide bipolar plate comprises an oxygen electrode plate and a hydrogen electrode plate: when the water flow field is of an independent structure, one of the oxygen polar plate and the hydrogen polar plate is a microporous plate, and the concave structure faces the microporous plate; when the oxygen electrode plate and the hydrogen electrode plate are both microporous plates, the surfaces of the two sides of the ridge facing the microporous plates are both provided with a concave structure;
the water guide component of the water flow field is wholly or partially arranged in the sunken structure, the water guide component is attached to the microporous plate, and at least one end of the water guide component is longer than the water flow field;
the water guide component is one or more than one of a wire, a rope, a porous plate or a fiber felt with good hydrophilicity; the water guide assembly has no break point;
the depth of the concave structures is 1/5-4/5 of the ridge thickness.
2. The water flow field of water conducting bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein: the water guide bipolar plate comprises an oxygen electrode plate and a hydrogen electrode plate: when the water flow field and the oxygen pole plate are of an integrated structure or the water flow field and the hydrogen pole plate are of an integrated structure, the open surface of the ridge is provided with a concave structure.
3. The water flow field of water conducting bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein: the microporous plate is one of a porous metal plate, a porous carbon plate or a water permeable polymer film.
4. The water flow field of water conducting bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein: the material of the water flow field is one of metal or carbon.
5. The water flow field of water conducting bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein: the concave structure is in a mutually parallel strip shape, or mutually vertical strip shape, or in an interdigital structure, or in a comb shape.
6. The water flow field of water conducting bipolar plate of claim 1, wherein: the water flow field concave structure is formed by mould pressing, rolling or etching.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811527779.7A CN109509897B (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2018-12-13 | Water flow field for static drainage fuel cell water guide bipolar plate |
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| CN201811527779.7A CN109509897B (en) | 2018-12-13 | 2018-12-13 | Water flow field for static drainage fuel cell water guide bipolar plate |
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| CN109509897A CN109509897A (en) | 2019-03-22 |
| CN109509897B true CN109509897B (en) | 2021-03-16 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113067003B (en) * | 2019-12-14 | 2023-02-28 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Fuel cell water guide plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN111509255B (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2023-07-21 | 上海交通大学 | Flow field self-adaptive battery polar plate structure and fuel battery |
| CN113889637B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2023-11-10 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Fuel cell bipolar plate with internal water diversion/internal humidification structure |
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| US5935725A (en) * | 1997-07-18 | 1999-08-10 | Bcs Technology | Flow facilitator for improving operation of a fuel cell |
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