CN109506891A - A kind of sink and its test technology process for simulating fresh and salt water mixing - Google Patents
A kind of sink and its test technology process for simulating fresh and salt water mixing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of sinks and its test technology process for simulating fresh and salt water mixing, comprising: complex salt room, sink and its test technology.The area Dui Yan, brine pit to be processed, strong brine pond and salt fresh water separating treatment system are equipped in complex salt room, the area Dui Yan is used for shelf test Nacl, and brine pit, salt fresh water separating treatment system and strong brine pond to be processed are connected by conveyance conduit；Sink includes fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough, and sink end sets meander sections, and sink front end is equipped with tail-gate forebay, is equipped with below sink and skims water collecting-tank, back pool, standard salt pond, matches salt pond, mixing water storage pool and clear water reserviors；Test technology includes sink salt water water inlet technique, sink clear water water inlet technique and saline treatment technique.Invention achieves the laboratory reproductions of fresh and salt water mixing phenomenon under the conditions of estuarine tide reversing current, realize the simulation of part mixed type and highl stratification type mixing pattern, ensure that Test Data Collecting can carry out under quasi-steady state, can be used for the correlative study of fresh and salt water mixing problem.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sinks and its test technology process for simulating fresh and salt water mixing, belong to river mouth fresh and salt water mixing
Simulation test sink and process technology field.
Background technique
River mouth is the waters in the region that salt water and fresh water cross and river and ocean blending.Due to seawater and river water
Density variation, the dynamic conditions such as trend, runoff are different, and the fresh and salt water mixing process in different river mouths is also had any different.In general, salt
Mixing of fresh water type can be divided into highl stratification type, part mixed type, be sufficiently mixed three kinds of type.In global warming, sea level
Rise etc. under the change of natural conditions and basin Jian Ku build the mankind such as dam, Diked tidal flat it is movable under the influence of, river mouth condition will
It adjusts, fresh and salt water mixing state will also change therewith, these variations are to water flow structure, estuary ecological, sediment movement
Deng with great influence.Fresh and salt water mixing is an importance of estuarine dynamics, is estuary coast dynamic (dynamical) one
Basic research content.
Fresh and salt water mixing flume test helps targetedly to study river mouth fresh and salt water mixing physical process and salinity transmission
Mechanism.Foreign countries are more passed through with the research of the U.S., Brunswick Regensburg water channel experiment station, Mississippi and TU Delft hydraulic test room
Allusion quotation, the former has carried out research in terms of flow velocity is along journey distribution, predominant current, stagnant point and salt water encroachment, and the latter mainly grinds
The conditions such as different boundary and water flow (depth of water, sink length, fresh-water flow, tidal range, Ocean Salinity, roughness, wind regime) have been studied carefully to salt
Water is invaded and the influence of flow shape, and application of result is transported to the analysis research of mathematical model in a peacekeeping two dimension salinity；State
Certain interior Institute of Hydro-Technical Research has studied under different water depth, run-off, tidal range, initial Variation of Salinity Condition, the motion change of salt wedge
Rule and salt water encroachment length, achieve related research result.The phenomenon that these above-mentioned flume tests are mainly for salt water encroachment
It is studied with rule, the fresh and salt water mixing pattern of simulation is mainly highl stratification type, and still having some problem values must continue to grind
Study carefully, such as: not carrying out preferable simulation to trend causes flow velocity in slot smaller, in terms of velocity field and salinity change Soil profile
Research be more short of, it is less to part mixed type fresh and salt water mixing research contents etc..It needs to design corresponding technical side thus
Case, which is given, to be solved.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to the shortcomings of the prior art, provide the sink and its test work of a kind of simulation fresh and salt water mixing
Skill process realizes the simulation of part mixed type and highl stratification type mixing pattern, under the conditions of having reached estuarine tide reversing current
The laboratory of fresh and salt water mixing phenomenon reappears, it is ensured that Test Data Collecting can carry out under quasi-steady state, and test data has accurate
Property and repeatability, can be used for the basic research such as river mouth fresh and salt water mixing physical mechanism, meet actual operation requirements.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of sink for simulating fresh and salt water mixing, comprising: the complex salt room being used cooperatively and sink are equipped in the complex salt room
The area Dui Yan, brine pit to be processed, strong brine pond and salt fresh water separating treatment system, the area Dui Yan is for stacking test industry
Salt and by artificial transfer ways to the strong brine pond supply salinity, the brine pit to be processed by conveyance conduit with it is described
Strong brine pond and salt fresh water separating treatment system are connected, and the salt fresh water separating treatment system passes through conveyance conduit and strong brine
Pond is connected；
The sink includes: to be located in the middle fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough, the end of the fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough
End is equipped with integrally formed meander sections, and fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough front end is equipped with tail-gate forebay, fresh and salt water mixing experiment
(lower layer), which is equipped with, below sink front end skims water collecting-tank, back pool, standard salt pond and matches salt pond, fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough
It is equipped with mixing water storage pool below middle part, is equipped with clear water reserviors below the end of fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough；
The tail-gate forebay is directly connected to the fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough, and the tail-gate forebay passes through conveyance conduit
It is connected with water collecting-tank is skimmed, the slash water collecting-tank is connected by conveyance conduit with the mixing water storage pool, the tail
Pond is connected by tail-gate overflow with back pool in front of the door, the back pool with salt pond and standard salt pond by gate opening/closing according to
Secondary connection, the clear water reserviors are connected with described with salt pond by conveyance conduit, and the clear water reserviors and the fresh and salt water mixing are real
It tests between the meander sections of sink and is equipped with the reversible axial flow pump with electronic regulating butterfly valve and electromagnetic flowmeter and passes through reversible axial flow pump
It is connected；
The strong brine pond is connected with described with salt pond by conveyance conduit, and the salt fresh water separating treatment system passes through
Conveyance conduit is connected with the clear water reserviors, and the mixing water storage pool is connected by conveyance conduit with the brine pit to be processed
It is logical.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the sink of the simulation fresh and salt water mixing further includes the control being used cooperatively
Case, two groups of pretreatment units, ultrafiltration water tank, two groups of chemicals dosing plants and cleaning water tank.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the cleaning water tank, dense salt pond, standard salt pond, with salt pond, mixing water store up
It deposits pond, clear water reserviors and passes through conveyance conduit and city planting ductwork respectively and the water meter chamber of water meter is installed and be connected.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the mixing water storage pool be respectively arranged on the left side and the right side for experimenter into
The slot bottom observation ward entered, for observing experimental phenomena in sink by local transparent glass guide channel bottom.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the conveyance conduit includes: immersible pump and with ball valve and glass rotors stream
The pipeline of meter, gate, pipeline and submerged pump with electronic regulating butterfly valve, electromagnetic flowmeter and manual ball valve.
As an improvement of the above technical solution, the test technology process includes sink salt water water inlet technique, sink clear water
Technique of intaking and saline treatment technique.
Specifically, the sink salt water water inlet technique includes:
(1) saline carries out in standard salt pond for the first time, adds clear water (municipal water supply) and work according to the match ratio of design
Industry salt, densimeter monitoring reaches design concentration, while preparing a part of strong brine in strong brine pond so as to moisturizing use, test next time
When directly the strong brine that strong brine pond is stored in after processing can be evacuated to by immersible pump with salt pond, while passing through from clear water reserviors
Immersible pump extracts clear water to salt pond is matched, to deploy normal saline solution；
(2) normal saline solution is evacuated to by forebay using submerged pump, by frequency control and valve regulated to reach design discharge；
(3) stage hydrograph is inputted by matching used computer software, adjust automatically tail-gate aperture controls normal saline solution
Water inlet water level line, door top overflow water flows into back pool, to control fluctuation in stage in sink；
(4) it opens back pool and with the gate between salt pond, return water, which enters, matches salt pond, monitor return water concentration, pass through dense salt
Pond immersible pump supplements salt water, supplements clear water by the immersible pump of clear water reserviors, re-modulates to reach normal saline solution experimental concentration；
(5) it opens with the gate between salt pond and standard salt pond, normal saline solution enters standard salt pond after re-modulation,
It is evacuated to forebay, iterative cycles again；
(6) it needs to skim pool surface Low-salinity mixing water before tail-gate during test, need to skim by skimming water installations and extremely skim water
Collecting-tank, then mixing water storage pool is evacuated to for water is skimmed by immersible pump.
Specifically, the sink clear water water inlet technique includes:
(1) it can be fetched water from clear water reserviors to slot tail by reversible axial flow pump, be set by frequency control and valve regulated with reaching
Count flow；Or fetched water from clear water reserviors to slot tail by clear water reserviors immersible pump, control valve is to reach design discharge；
(2) clear water reserviors are intake for the first time using municipal water supply, and test next time can directly adopt saline treatment equipment and be separated by filtration
Clear water.
Specifically, the saline treatment technique includes:
(1) test after the completion of by standard salt pond, tail-gate forebay, back pool, with salt pond, skim water collecting-tank in salt water lead to
It crosses immersible pump and is evacuated to mixing water storage pool；
(2) salt water of mixing water storage pool is evacuated to brine pit to be processed by immersible pump；
(3) saline water treatment device takes salt water from brine pit to be processed, and the clear water for being separated by filtration rear qualified discharge is back to clear water
Pond, strong brine are finally back to strong brine pond；Saline water treatment device system inflow is 5t/h, is concentrated 4~5 times, after being concentrated for the first time
Strong brine drain into mixing water storage pool or brine pit to be processed, repeated multiple times concentration, to improve the strong brine concentration of recycling；
(4) flow of inlet water of immersible pump must be controlled by the liquidometer of brine pit to be processed, to guarantee that saline treatment fills
Setting can continuous operation.
Compared with prior art, implementation result of the invention is as follows by the present invention:
(1) river mouth fresh and salt water mixing under the conditions of reversing current is simulated by long sink both ends boundary tidal control system,
The simulation for realizing river mouth part mixed type and highl stratification type mixing pattern solves controlling test, data acquisition, salt water time
The problem of receipts utilize etc., fresh and salt water mixing, which tests the data such as obtained flow velocity and salinity, can be used for river mouth fresh and salt water mixing
The basic research such as physical mechanism.
(2) the test simulation technology of salt fresh water laminar flow under trend reciprocating is improved, is solved in past flume test
In preferable simulation do not carried out to trend lead to the lesser problem of flow velocity in slot, provided for research river mouth fresh and salt water mixing problem
New method, new technology.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the sink arrangement and test technology schematic diagram of simulation fresh and salt water mixing of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the sink cross section structure schematic diagram of simulation fresh and salt water mixing of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is clear water procedure of operating mode schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is salt water procedure of operating mode schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the experiment effect figure of fresh and salt water mixing under the conditions of tide simulation reversing current of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate the contents of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
It is as shown in Figures 1 to 4: for the sink and its test technology flow diagram of present invention simulation fresh and salt water mixing.
The sink of simulation fresh and salt water mixing of the present invention, comprising: complex salt room 100 and sink 200, further include control cabinet
20, two groups of pretreatment units 30,40, two groups of chemicals dosing plants 50 of ultrafiltration water tank and cleaning water tank 60, complex salt room 100 is interior to be equipped with heap salt
Area 110, brine pit to be processed 120, strong brine pond 130 and salt fresh water separating treatment system 140, the area Dui Yan 110 is for storing examination
It tests with Nacl and supplies salinity to strong brine pond 130 by artificial transfer ways, brine pit 120 to be processed passes through conveyance conduit
300 are connected to strong brine pond 130 and salt fresh water separating treatment system 140, and salt fresh water separating treatment system 140 passes through conveyance conduit
300 are connected to strong brine pond 130；
Sink 200 includes: to be located in the middle fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough 210, the end of fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough 210
End is equipped with integrally formed meander sections 211, and 210 front end of fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough is equipped with tail-gate forebay 220, fresh and salt water mixing
(lower layer), which is equipped with, below 210 front end of experimental trough skims water collecting-tank 230, back pool 240, standard salt pond 250 and matches salt pond
260,210 middle part lower section of fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough is equipped with mixing water storage pool 270,270 left and right sides of mixing water storage pool
It is respectively equipped with the slot bottom observation ward 290 entered for experimenter, is equipped with below the end of fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough 210 clear
Pond 280；
Tail-gate forebay 220 is directly connected to fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough 210, and tail-gate forebay 220 passes through conveyance conduit 300
It is connected with water collecting-tank 230 is skimmed, skims water collecting-tank 230 and be connected by conveyance conduit 300 with mixing water storage pool 270, tail
Pond 220 is connected by tail-gate overflow with back pool 240 in front of the door, and back pool 240 passes through with salt pond 260 and standard salt pond 250
Conveyance conduit 300 is sequentially communicated, and clear water reserviors 280 are connected by conveyance conduit 300 with salt pond 260, and clear water reserviors 280 and salt are light
The reversible axial flow pump with electronic regulating butterfly valve 1 and electromagnetic flowmeter 2 is equipped between the meander sections 211 of water combined experiments sink 210
10 and it is connected by reversible axial flow pump 10；Strong brine pond 130 is connected by conveyance conduit 300 with salt pond 260, salt fresh water
Separating treatment system 140 is connected by conveyance conduit 300 with clear water reserviors 280, and mixing water storage pool 270 passes through conveyance conduit
300 are connected with brine pit 120 to be processed；In addition, cleaning water tank 60, strong brine pond 130, standard salt pond 250, matching salt pond
260, mixing water storage pool 270, clear water reserviors 280 by conveyance conduit 300 and city planting ductwork 70 and are equipped with water meter 81 respectively
Water meter chamber 80 is connected.The sink of the invention test mainly grinds the fresh and salt water mixing mode of part mixed type and laminated devices
Study carefully, tidal level can accurately be simulated using tidal level, automatic flow control system and rise strength of ebb process and constant run-off, independently ground
The sampling system of hair is able to achieve the salt water sampling in synchronous, multibreak face, multilayer, returns using membrane separation technique to test mixing water
It receives to recycle and meets environmental protection requirement；Wherein, fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough 210 is following using control by debugging repeatedly
Boundary's tidal level process and salinity, coboundary runoff and tide flow process, flume test realize river mouth section tidal level, fluctuation trend and salt
The simulation of mixing of fresh water process, observing data analysis by flume test can show that fresh and salt water mixing physical mechanism and salinity are spread
It is defeated to move regular related research result, pass through salt water membrane technology in this test, reaches brine recycling utilization, salt water zero-emission
The environmental requirement put.
Repetitive test shows that fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough 210 of the present invention realizes part mixed type and laminated devices are mixed
The simulation of mould assembly formula, it is ensured that Test Data Collecting can carry out under quasi-steady state, and test data has accuracy and repeatability, can
For basic research such as river mouth fresh and salt water mixing physical mechanisms.
It is further improved ground, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2: conveyance conduit 300 includes: immersible pump 3 and with ball valve 4 and glass
The pipeline 9 of spinner flowmeter 5, gate 8 (staight shank hand propelled screw open-close machine), with electronic regulating butterfly valve 1, electromagnetic flowmeter 2 and
The pipeline 9 and submerged pump 7 of manual ball valve 6.
Specifically, the test technology process includes: sink salt water water inlet technique, and sink clear water is intake at technique and salt water
Science and engineering skill.
Wherein, the sink salt water water inlet technique includes:
(1) for the first time saline standard salt pond 250 carry out, according to the match ratio of design add clear water (municipal water supply) and
Nacl, densimeter monitoring reach design concentration, while preparing a part of strong brine in strong brine pond 130 so as to moisturizing use, under
It directly will can pass through immersible pump 3 there are the strong brine in strong brine pond 130 after processing when secondary test to be evacuated to salt pond 260, simultaneously
Clear water is extracted to salt pond 260 is matched from clear water reserviors 280 by immersible pump 3, carrys out modulation standard salt water；
(2) normal saline solution is evacuated to by tail-gate forebay 220 using submerged pump 7, by frequency control and valve regulated to reach
Design discharge；
(3) it inputs stage hydrograph by matching used computer software, and adjust automatically tail-gate aperture controls standard salt
Water water inlet water level line, the water of door top overflow flows into back pool 240, to control fluctuation in stage in sink 210；
(4) it opens back pool 240 and with the gate between salt pond 260, return water, which enters, matches salt pond 260, monitor return water concentration,
Salt water is supplemented by 130 immersible pump 3 of strong brine pond, clear water is supplemented by the immersible pump 3 of clear water reserviors 280, is re-modulated to reach
Normal saline solution experimental concentration；
(5) it opens with the gate between salt pond 260 and standard salt pond 250, normal saline solution enters standard after re-modulation
Brine pit 250, then it is evacuated to forebay, iterative cycles；
(6) it needs to skim 220 surface Low-salinity mixing water of tail-gate forebay during test, need to be skimmed extremely by skimming water installations
Water collecting-tank 230 is skimmed, then mixing water storage pool 270 is evacuated to for water is skimmed by immersible pump 3.
Wherein, the sink clear water water inlet technique includes:
(1) it can be fetched water from clear water reserviors 280 to slot tail, by frequency control and valve regulated to reach by reversible axial flow pump 10
To design discharge；Or fetched water from clear water reserviors 280 to slot tail by 280 immersible pump 3 of clear water reserviors, control valve is to reach design stream
Amount；
(2) clear water reserviors 280 are intake for the first time using municipal water supply, and test next time can directly adopt the filtering point of saline treatment equipment
From clear water.
Wherein, the saline treatment technique includes:
It (1) will be in standard salt pond 250, tail-gate forebay 220, back pool 240, slash water collecting-tank 230 after the completion of testing
Salt water is evacuated to mixing water storage pool 270 by immersible pump 3；
(2) salt water of mixing water storage pool 270 is evacuated to brine pit 120 to be processed by immersible pump 3；
(3) saline water treatment device takes salt water from brine pit 120 to be processed, and the clear water for being separated by filtration rear qualified discharge is back to clearly
Pond 280, strong brine are finally back to strong brine pond 130；Saline water treatment device system inflow is 5t/h, is concentrated 4~5 times, head
Strong brine after secondary concentration drains into mixing water storage pool 270 or brine pit to be processed 120, repeated multiple times concentration, to improve recycling
Strong brine concentration；
(4) flow of inlet water of immersible pump 3 must be controlled by the liquidometer of brine pit 120 to be processed, to guarantee at salt water
Manage device energy continuous operation.
In addition, fresh and salt water mixing sink and test technology further include:
(1) sink arrangement and test control technology
1) water level is controlled using turnover plate type tail-gate and simulates tidal level fluctuation: the tail-gate forebay of saline slot slot head and tide simulation
220 connections, the outlet of tail-gate forebay 220 arrangement tail-gate, tidal level carry out long-range essence by turnover plate type tail-gate combining wireless observation and control technology
Quasi- control, tail-gate are driven by frequency-conversion alternating current motor, and converter technique has the advantages that control is sensitive, runs smoothly, failure rate is low etc., are made
Absolute error averagely narrows down within 1mm between control tidal stencils and given value.
2) exclude the efficiency that surface layer Low-salinity mixing water improves salinity regulation: test process middle and upper reaches fresh water is easily mixed into downstream
Tail-gate forebay 220 leads to salinity decrease in pond, using the more difficult implementation of method for monitoring salinity in real time and keeping salinity constant, and
It is inefficient.This sink is using the surface layer Low-salinity mixing water that water installations exclude tail-gate forebay 220 is strained, by skimming water collecting-tank
The mixing water that 230 storages exclude, prevents low salinity water from largely entering back pool 240, while also contributing to water in tail-gate forebay 220
Body salinity is kept constant, and can so reduce the frequency of salt water regulation, improves working efficiency.
3) use water flow two-way flow in 10 control flume of reversible axial flow pump and simulate reversing current: slot tail connects reversible axial flow pump
10 load disturbance flows can realize complete closed-loop control, and error by 2 feedback control boundary flow flow of electromagnetic flowmeter
Very little, stable working performance, test repeatability is preferable, this is especially heavy for the test for requiring to run without interruption for a long time
It wants；Reversible axial flow pump 10 controls upstream boundary flow, and lower boundary tidal level is combined to control, and reversing current flow velocity can reach in slot
20cm/s or so；Upstream arrangement clear water inlet pipeline combination glass rotameter 5 supplies fresh water runoff simulation, and run-off is reachable
12m3/ h is enough the different mixing patterns of analog salt fresh water according to diameter tide than calculating.
4) sink size has expanded the research range of fresh and salt water mixing problem: fresh and salt water mixing examination by professional design
The length for testing sink 210 need to be greater than the distance of salt water intrusion, will not downstream salt water be mixed into upstream clear water reserviors 280, depth then needs full
Sufficient tidal level variation, the fully developed needs of fresh and salt water mixing；In conjunction with site condition, following size and absolute altitude are determined, saline slot is total
Length is 167.8m, sink span width 0.5m, depth 0.5m.
5) multiple reservoir work in combination are to realize the important technology of this test objective: this test water amount is big, and water quality is complicated,
Salinity control requires height, and salt water and fresh water need to complete a series of processes such as allotment, conveying, circulation, recycling；Reservoir is by normal saline solution
Pond 250, tail-gate forebay 220 skim water collecting-tank 230, match salt pond 260, back pool 240, mixing water storage pool 270, strong brine pond
130, the salt water reservoir such as brine pit 120 to be processed and clear water reserviors 280 form, and each reservoir is mutually indepedent can be joined again by immersible pump
It is logical, improve test accuracy and efficiency.
6) sight chamber and flashboard is arranged for improving test technology: saline slot is first (with 220 interface of tail-gate forebay away from slot
Place) 50m and the place 106m respectively set the slot bottom sight chamber 290 of a long 4m, and part uses glass guide channel bottom, remaining slot bottom is using ceramic tile bottom
Plate.Away from slot head 0m, 30m, 60m, 86m together with respectively being set at 112m flashboard, for fluid in interrupts grooves, in test preparation and knot
Flashboard separates different salt water distribution components and is diverted to different reservoirs during beam, so as to saline treatment.
(2) tidal control system and water flow energy dissipating
Fresh and salt water mixing experimental tank control system is developed based on windows platform, has Dynamic graphics interface, is had straight
The advantages that seeing, be easy to operate；When system is run, the operating condition and state of instrument and equipment, the statistics for controlling error and feedback, measurement number
According to acquisition and processing and other controls acquire information and can be reflected directly on monitor, realize model cootrol and number
Intuitive, easy TipWizard is provided for experimenter by friendly dynamic Chinesizing graphical interface according to the integrated process of processing
With abundant efficiently processing software.
Sink is narrow and long, controls tidal level fluctuation and reversing current easily causes water flow in slot to be reverberated in the process, can be in top
Boundary is disposed about tracery wall energy dissipating, weakens water flow fluctuation and reverberates.Tracery wall is laid in bilateral concrete cell wall section, by 21 block concrete bricks
It builds.
(3) test data measurement and acquisition
Test the measuring instruments such as limnimeter, the current meter used realizes the conversion of digitized signal on instrument and meter
And transmission；Water-level gauge can be used wireless collection communication line and be connected with master control room computer, can assign instruction and acquisition data,
The materials such as a large amount of cables can be not only saved, but also the failure rate run is low, examination and maintenance are quite convenient to.
This test uses three kinds of current meters, is capable of measuring one-dimensional, two-dimentional, three-dimensional flow respectively.The measurement of one-dimensional flow velocity is adopted
With micro photo electric propeller type current meter, the pulse signal of paddle reflection is revolved, after preamplifier amplifies, is sent to data acquisition system
System, is converted into decimal data and shows and store；The measurement of three-dimensional flow is measured using small prestige dragon II for current meter, and every can be with
Synchro measure X, Y, Z flow velocity size, precision reach 0.1cm/s；The measurement of two-dimentional flow velocity uses doppler velocimeter, per second to survey
Take a flow velocity；The measurement of three-dimensional flow using small prestige dragon II for current meter, every can with synchro measure X, Y, Z flow velocity size,
Precision reaches 0.1cm/s, can acquire within 0.005 second a flow velocity.
Salinity observation is carried out using conductivity meter and sampling apparatus cooperation.Conductivity meter can connect computer real-time measurement salt
Degree, one conductivity of reading per second simultaneously automatically record.Salt water sampling apparatus is by copper tube, silicone tube, micro pump, sample bottle etc.
Component composition can realize synchronous, multibreak face, multilayer sampling by manually controlling master switch.By by the independent of every sampling pipe
Stratified sampling data are compared with the synchronous multilayer sampled data of more sampling pipes, the results showed that the laminates of seven sampling pipes
Set influence very little of the form to salinity vertical characteristics.
Specific test apparatus and material are as shown in table 1.1.
1.1 sink running equipment of table
Table 1.2 tests measurement equipment
1.3 test material of table
| Title | Quantity | Parameter | Purposes |
| Nacl | 5 tons | Saline | |
| It is carmine | Edible pigment | Tracer |
The input condition of this test is mainly tide graph and discharge curve, and control system can be according to given item
Part automatic control water level and flow, test data surveying range is in the range of away from mouth door (glass flume section entrance) 0~140m.
Salt is surveyed in sampling: instrument is using self-control sampler and conductivity meter；Survey salt section be 10m, 20m, 30m, 50m,
70m,90m；Section surveys salt using 6 method samplings, i.e. surface, 0.2h, 0.4h, 0.6h, 0.8h, bottom；Every 1min takes a water
Sample, measures the conductivity of all samples after the test, and is converted into salinity.Conversion relation is according to test clear water and Nacl
A variety of proportions are actually measured, and salinity indicates the grams of dissolved matter in 1000g solution, are dimensionless number.
Salt wedge is along Cheng Gaodu: sticking scale in sink outer walls, the wedge height at record 10m, 30m, 50m, 70m becomes
Change, data of artificial every 30 seconds records.
Camera shooting record: test takes the photograph the fresh and salt water mixing process progress complete period at 30m and 70m using high-definition camera
Record, shoots experimental phenomena using slr camera.
Into Tidal period needed for quasi-steady state: for the cyclically-varying for ensuring salinity and velocity flow profile, in salinity and flow velocity
Before observation, it is necessary to fresh and salt water mixing be waited to enter quasi-stationary state.This carries out tracer test using carmine edible pigment, visits
Looking into need to could stablize by how many a Tidal periods, the mixing of tracer in a fixed interval.
(4) input condition and experiment effect of fresh and salt water mixing are simulated
1) salinity: test simulation need to be carried out in conjunction with practical river mouth, and Variation of Salinity Condition need to be designed according to the ratio ruler of 1:1.Due to examination
Test sink have the characteristics that it is straight, gentle, in addition to research salt fresh water interface with tide variation characteristic, therefore choose the Changjiang river
The middle upper section of the northern slot of mouth is prototype section, and salt water sharp side is generally within this section.According to hydrologic survey data, Nan Gang and round
Husky section salinity is substantially 3 hereinafter, northern slot upper section is between 3~7；And northern slot middle and lower sections salt angle value is substantially in 7~12 ranges.
Accordingly, the salinity primary condition of flume test is set as 10 or so, and the average salinity of sink entrance of being subject to carries out salt water and matches
It sets.
For the hybrid mode of success simulated altitude laminated devices, it can suitably increase initial salinity, to guarantee that salt fresh water is layered
More stable form is able to maintain under trend reciprocating.
2) tidal range: the influence for research tide to fresh and salt water mixing, the structural environment of binding model tail-gate test selection
Two kinds of tidal ranges are 4cm and 2cm, respectively correspond large and small tide group time, and tidal level process line uses sine curve, and the tidal period is set as
12min；Using the above section of Channel of Changjiang Estuary CSW measuring point as prototype, it is assumed that prototype and the length of model are 750 than ruler, vertical to compare
Ruler 150, velocity ratio ruler are 12.25；The maximum flow rate of Channel of Changjiang Estuary is calculated up to 2.5m/s or so by velocity ratio ruler, test
Maximum flow rate in sink need to reach 20cm/s；By debugging, when spring tide in sink maximum flow rate up to 20~25cm/s, neap
When maximum flow rate up to 10~15cm/s, meet test requirements document.
Really to reflect the reciprocal flowing property of trend and the mechanical periodicity of water level, test run need to meet claimed below:
Under no runoff conditions, it is approximately 0 that the net tide in a tidal period by a certain section, which is measured,；Sink is long and narrow, tidal wave reflection
Water flow is easily caused to be reverberated with tidal level unusual fluctuations, test error caused by need to eliminating therefore.
By equipment debugging and energy dissipation measure is used, model actual measurement tidal level, discharge curve and design value fitting are preferable, not
There are wide fluctuations.
3) run-off: testing the mixing pattern for analog portion mixed type and highl stratification type, need to be according to fresh and salt water mixing
Judging index run-off is set；To study influence of the different runoff intensities to river mouth layering and salt water encroachment, diameter need to be set
Flow different multiple test groups time.
There are many methods for determining fresh and salt water mixing state, and the method generallyd use is according to blended index and diameter tide than coming
Judgement, the blended index of Simmons are as follows:
Blended index M indicate in a Tidal period inject Tidal resuspension the ratio between run-off R and tidal prism Q, i.e., when M >=
When 1, river mouth is highl stratification type, is part mixed type when M is about 0.1, when M number grade is 10-2When to be sufficiently mixed type.
It is same that using diameter tide, than the method that is judged, there are also following formulas: ∑ Qr=QrT in formula；Qr is in the flood tide phase
The average flow rate of runoff；T is duration of rise；∑ Qr is flood tide amount.As n > 0.7, river mouth category highl stratification type；When n=0.2~
When 0.5, belong to part mixed type；As n < 0.1, category is sufficiently mixed type；Entrance of Changjiang River n value is about 0.18, belongs to part mixed type；The money pool
The n value in river is about 0.005, and category is sufficiently mixed type.
Run-off is arranged by the method for calculating diameter tide ratio in test, and river mouth salt fresh water delays the corresponding diameter tide of admixture and compares
0.2~0.5 or so, required run-off can be calculated in conjunction with the flood tide amount of sink, and diameter is arranged by flowmeter in upstream according to this
Stream；It is arranged to 0 (no runoff), 3m by calculating and verification experimental verification, run-off3/ h (part mixed type), 11m3/ h (highl stratification
Type) it can satisfy different test needs.
4) depth of water: highl stratification type river mouth is divided into two classes by previous literature, one kind be salt water wedge type river mouth (such as
Mississippi Estuary, Vellar Estuary), another kind of is fyord type river mouth (such as Silver Bay, Alberni
Inlet)；It is identical in that can all form apparent salt fresh water lamination, difference is river breadth depth ratio in both river mouths
Difference；Fyord type river mouth shows as the form of trough valley, and depth is larger, and breadth depth ratio is smaller.Therefore, the depth of water or breadth depth ratio pair are studied
The influence layered of salt fresh water is of great significance.Influence for the research depth of water to river mouth fresh and salt water mixing, test exist respectively
It is carried out under two kinds of mean depths of 35cm and 28cm.Mean depth refers to the depth of water average value in tidal period, by changing tail-gate
Height of baffle plate is controlled.
According to above-mentioned hydrodynamic force and Variation of Salinity Condition, flume test has been carried out using sink and test technology of the invention, has been tried
It tests operating condition and process is as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.Test simulation is the result shows that (flow velocity, distribution of the salinity section such as Fig. 5 institute in sink
Show): 1) in sink water flow show apparent tide reversing current feature, when tail-gate the water level of the frontal pool increases (flood tide), water level in slot
It raises simultaneously, end (upstream) is directed toward from sink front end (downstream) in flow velocity direction；When tail-gate the water level of the frontal pool reduces (ebb tide), in slot
Water level reduces simultaneously, and front end is directed toward from sink end in flow velocity direction.2) under tide Effect of Periodic Reciprocating Current, fresh and salt water mixing table in sink
Reveal apparent segment attribute, the first section (prototype river mouth section 0~15m in off-lying sea, sink), salt fresh water is sufficiently mixed
Feature is more apparent；Second section (prototype river mouth middle and lower reaches, sink in the section 15~70m) part composite character is significant, is part
The main feature in mixed type river mouth；Third section (prototype river mouth upstream, sink in the section 70~120m), salt fresh water layered morphology
It is mainly shown as the feature of highl stratification type.The distribution of these three sections is varied with fluctuation tide, but is sequentially being protected
It holds consistent.In terms of experiment effect, sink of the invention and test technology can be by changing tidal range, tidal level process line, run-off, water
The input conditions such as deep realize the mould of salt fresh water part mixed type and highl stratification type mixing pattern under estuarine tide Effect of Periodic Reciprocating Current
It is quasi-.
The foregoing is a detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific embodiments, and it cannot be said that the present invention is specifically real
It applies and is only limitted to these explanations.For those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs, before not departing from present inventive concept
It puts, a number of simple deductions or replacements can also be made, all shall be regarded as belonging to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of sink for simulating fresh and salt water mixing, it is characterised in that: include: the complex salt room (100) being used cooperatively and sink
(200), it is light that the area Dui Yan (110), brine pit to be processed (120), strong brine pond (130) and salt are equipped in the complex salt room (100)
Water separates processing system (140), and the area Dui Yan (110) is for shelf test Nacl and by artificial transfer ways to dense
Brine pit 130 supplies salinity, the brine pit (120) to be processed by conveyance conduit (300) and the strong brine pond (130) and
Salt fresh water separating treatment system (140) is connected, the salt fresh water separating treatment system (140) by conveyance conduit (300) with
Strong brine pond (130) is connected；
The sink (200) includes: to be located in the middle fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough (210), and the fresh and salt water mixing tests water
The end of slot (210) is equipped with integrally formed meander sections (211), and fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough (210) front end is equipped with tail
Pond (220) in front of the door, below fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough (210) front end (lower layer) be equipped with skim water collecting-tank 230, back pool 240,
Standard salt pond (250) and match salt pond (260), lower section is equipped with mixing water storage pool in the middle part of fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough (210)
(270), clear water reserviors (280) are equipped with below the end of fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough (210)；
The tail-gate forebay (220) is directly connected to the fresh and salt water mixing experimental trough (210), and tail-gate forebay 220 passes through defeated
Pipeline 300 is sent to be connected with water collecting-tank (230) are skimmed, the slash water collecting-tank (230) passes through conveyance conduit (300) and described mixed
Heshui storage pool (270) is connected, and the tail-gate forebay 220 is connected by tail-gate overflow with back pool 240, the back pool
(240), it is sequentially communicated with salt pond (260) and standard salt pond (250) by conveyance conduit (300), the clear water reserviors (280) are logical
It crosses conveyance conduit (300) to be connected with described with salt pond (260), the clear water reserviors (280) and the fresh and salt water mixing test water
The reversible axial flow pump (10) with electronic regulating butterfly valve (1) and electromagnetic flowmeter (2) is equipped between the meander sections (211) of slot (210)
And it is connected by reversible axial flow pump (10)；
The strong brine pond (130) is connected with described with salt pond (260) by conveyance conduit (300), the salt fresh water separation
Processing system (140) is connected by conveyance conduit (300) with the clear water reserviors (280), and the mixing water storage pool (270) is logical
Conveyance conduit (300) is crossed to be connected with the brine pit (120) to be processed.
2. a kind of sink for simulating fresh and salt water mixing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the simulation fresh and salt water mixing
Sink further include the control cabinet (20) being used cooperatively, two groups of pretreatment units (30), ultrafiltration water tank (40), two groups of chemicals dosing plants
(50) and water tank (60) are cleaned.
3. a kind of sink for simulating fresh and salt water mixing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the cleaning water tank (60),
Strong brine pond (130), leads to salt pond (260), mixing water storage pool (270), clear water reserviors (280) standard salt pond (250) respectively
It crosses the conveyance conduit 300 and city planting ductwork (70) and the water meter chambers (80) of water meter (81) is installed and be connected.
4. a kind of sink for simulating fresh and salt water mixing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mixing water storage pool
(270) it is respectively arranged on the left side and the right side the slot bottom observation ward (290) entered for experimenter.
5. a kind of sink for simulating fresh and salt water mixing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the conveyance conduit (300)
Include: immersible pump (3) and the pipeline (9) with ball valve (4) and glass rotameter (5), gate (8), band motorized adjustment butterfly
The pipeline (9) and submerged pump (7) of valve (1), electromagnetic flowmeter (2) and manual ball valve (6).
6. -5 a kind of test technology process for the sink for simulating fresh and salt water mixing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating test technology process includes: sink salt water water inlet technique, sink clear water water inlet technique and saline treatment technique.
7. a kind of test technology process for the sink for simulating fresh and salt water mixing according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described
Sink salt water water inlet technique includes:
(1) saline carries out in standard salt pond for the first time, adds clear water (municipal water supply) and Nacl according to the match ratio of design,
Densimeter monitoring reaches design concentration, while preparing a part of strong brine in strong brine pond so as to moisturizing use, and next time can when testing
With directly by there are the strong brines in strong brine pond to be evacuated to by immersible pump with salt pond after processing, while passing through immersible pump from clear water reserviors
Clear water is extracted to salt pond is matched, carrys out modulation standard salt water；
(2) normal saline solution is evacuated to by forebay using submerged pump, by frequency control and valve regulated to reach design discharge；
(3) its by matching used computer software input stage hydrograph, adjust automatically tail-gate aperture control normal saline solution into
The water of water water level line, the overflow of door top flows into back pool, to control fluctuation in stage in sink；
(4) it opens back pool and with the gate between salt pond, return water, which enters, matches salt pond, monitor return water concentration, pass through strong brine pond
Immersible pump supplements salt water, supplements clear water by the immersible pump of clear water reserviors, re-modulates to reach normal saline solution experimental concentration；
(5) it opens with the gate between salt pond and standard salt pond, normal saline solution enters standard salt pond after re-modulation, then takes out
To forebay, iterative cycles；
(6) need to skim tail-gate forebay surface layer Low-salinity mixing water during test, it need to be by skimming water installations, slash is catchmented to water is skimmed
Pond, then mixing water storage pool is evacuated to for water is skimmed by immersible pump.
8. a kind of test technology process for the sink for simulating fresh and salt water mixing according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described
Sink clear water water inlet technique includes:
(1) it can be fetched water from clear water reserviors to slot tail by reversible axial flow pump, by frequency control and valve regulated to reach design stream
Amount；Or fetched water from clear water reserviors to slot tail by clear water reserviors immersible pump, control valve is to reach design discharge；
(2) clear water reserviors are intake for the first time using municipal water supply, test next time can directly adopt saline treatment equipment be separated by filtration it is clear
Water.
9. a kind of test technology process for the sink for simulating fresh and salt water mixing according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: described
Saline treatment technique includes:
(1) salt water in standard salt pond, tail-gate forebay, back pool, slash water collecting-tank is passed through into diving pumping after the completion of testing
To mixing water storage pool；
(2) salt water of mixing water storage pool is evacuated to brine pit to be processed by immersible pump；
(3) saline water treatment device takes salt water from brine pit to be processed, and the clear water for being separated by filtration rear qualified discharge is back to clear water reserviors, dense
Salt water is finally back to strong brine pond；Saline water treatment device system inflow is 5t/h, is concentrated 4~5 times, the dense salt after being concentrated for the first time
Water drains into mixing water storage pool or brine pit to be processed, repeated multiple times concentration, to improve the strong brine concentration of recycling；
(4) flow of inlet water of immersible pump must be controlled by the liquidometer of brine pit to be processed, to guarantee saline water treatment device energy
Continuous operation.
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