CN109504899B - Plastic die steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Plastic die steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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Abstract
The invention provides a plastic die steel and a preparation method thereof, wherein the die steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.35-0.45%, Si: 0.75-1.05%, Mn: 1.00% -1.50%, Cr: 1.50% -2.00%, Mg: 0.003-0.004%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.025%, wherein Si + Mn + Cr is 3.65-4.25%, and Cr/Mn is 1.3-1.6%; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the homogeneity degree of the die steel is within 2HRC, and the transverse-longitudinal impact ratio is 0.87-0.90. The preparation method comprises smelting, casting, heating, rolling and heat treatment, and the invention has simple production process, short period and higher hardness and toughness, and reaches the level of high-end plastic die steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material production, and particularly relates to plastic die steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the plastic product industry is developed very rapidly, the yield and the consumption of the plastic product industry are relatively and stably increased, and meanwhile, the rapid development of plastic die steel is brought, compared with industrially developed countries, the plastic die steel is in the early stage of development in China, special steel grades for plastic dies are lacked, P20 and 718 pre-hardened plastic die steel modules and high-precision flat steel are lacked, and the domestic problems of long delivery period, poor quality, incomplete variety and specification and the like exist, so the steel used in the domestic plastic die steel industry is mostly imported or produced in China in the alternative steel grades. Meanwhile, the traditional plastic die steel has the defects of high cost, long process flow and the like caused by high alloy content.
With the rapid development of the plastic die steel processing industry, the die manufacturing industry requires the material quality and the low cost of the material. Therefore, the development of products with lower cost and guaranteed material quality can meet the demands of the mold steel processing industry with increasingly strong competition. The plastic die steel of patent CN101760701A "an alloy plastic die steel plate and its production method" has the following chemical components: c: 0.30% -0.50%, Si: 0.20% -0.50%, Mn: 0.80-1.80%, P is less than or equal to 0.02%, S is less than or equal to 0.01%, Cr: 1.40% -2.00%, Mo: 0.10% -0.50%, B: 0.001% -0.003%, Ti: 0.015% -0.04%, V: 0.01% -0.04%. Is based on
In patent CN102286698A 'plastic die steel and manufacturing method thereof', the plastic die steel comprises the following chemical components: c: 0.25% -0.29%, Si: 0.40% -0.60%, Mn: 1.30-1.50%, P is less than or equal to 0.020%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, Cr: 1.20% -1.50%, Mo: 0.40% -0.50%, Nb: 0.02-0.05%, Ni less than or equal to 0.15%, Cu less than or equal to 0.15%, and N less than or equal to 0.012%.
The chemical components of the plastic die steel of patent CN102899571A 'a prehardened type plastic die steel and its manufacturing method' are: c: 0.35% -0.45%, Si: 0.25% -0.35%, Mn: 1.30-1.80%, P is less than or equal to 0.02%, S is less than or equal to 0.008%, Cr: 1.5% -2.0%, Mo: 0.1% -0.3%, V: 0.04 to 0.12 percent.
The chemical components of the plastic die steel of patent CN107058897A 'a high manganese pre-hardened plastic die steel plate and its production method': c: 0.32% -0.40%, Si: 0.30% -0.60%, Mn: 1.30-1.80%, P is less than or equal to 0.020%, S is less than or equal to 0.015%, Cr: 1.40% -2.00%, Mo: 0.30% -0.50%, Al: 0.015% -0.040%. The plastic die steel in the above patents contains 0.10-0.50% of Mo and alloy elements such as V, Nb, Ni, etc. in terms of chemical components, and the alloy cost is high.
The plastic die steel of patent CN103981451A "a hot-rolled tempering type Mo-free plastic die steel plate and its manufacturing method" is simple in composition, but the thick gauge steel plate has lower hardness at the whole plate width 1/4, and cannot ensure excellent toughness of the steel plate. Patent CN103710625A "a high toughness plastic die steel and its production method" the die steel has higher toughness, but the use of controlled rolling, controlled cooling and normalizing process sharply increases the production cost, and the product hardness is lower.
A P20 plastic die steel plate developed in the document "development of air-cooled economical plastic die steel P20" (Friedel-crafts, Qiu Xiang Hua, Jiangxi metallurgy, 2015, 35 (1): 4-7) is hot-rolled and then is subjected to tempering heat treatment, and the difference of Rockwell hardness and plate thickness is within 1.5HRC, but the center segregation of the rolled steel plate is serious.
In conclusion, the plastic die steel with excellent performance and low cost is developed, and a new green and economic material is provided for the die industry, so that the plastic die steel has good economic and social benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to overcome the above problems and disadvantages, and an object of the present invention is to provide a plastic die steel having high hardness, impact resistance, excellent isotropic properties and high homogeneity, and a method for producing the same, which is low in production cost and short in process flow.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the plastic die steel comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.35-0.45%, Si: 0.75-1.05%, Mn: 1.00% -1.50%, Cr: 1.50% -2.00%, Mg: 0.003-0.004%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.025%, wherein Si + Mn + Cr is 3.65-4.25%, and Cr/Mn is 1.3-1.6%; the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The homogeneity degree of the die steel is within 2HRC, and the transverse-longitudinal impact ratio is 0.87-0.90.
The invention has the following design reasons:
c: one part participates in solid solution strengthening, and the other part forms carbide with alloy elements to participate in precipitation strengthening, and is the main element for obtaining high strength of the steel. When the C content is too high, the strength of the plastic die steel is very high, but the nonuniformity of carbide is increased, so that the toughness of the plastic die steel is seriously influenced, and the plastic die steel cannot be applied. And the C content is too low, which is not beneficial to obtaining the bainite structure, and the hardness of the steel can not be ensured. In order to ensure the comprehensive performance of the plastic die steel, the content of the added C is 0.35-0.45%.
Si: the replacement solid solution strengthening of ferrite is very effective, and generally causes spherical symmetric distortion of iron, and can generate elastic interaction with edge dislocation. Si can significantly improve the elastic limit, yield strength and tensile strength of the steel. Si is also an effective element for improving the tempering resistance, the diffusion speed of carbon in ferrite is reduced, carbides separated out during tempering are not easy to aggregate, and the tempering stability is improved. The carbide of the tempered martensite and the matrix can be kept coherent and uniformly distributed, and the tempered martensite can be kept to be matched with good obdurability. But Si reduces the toughness and plasticity of steel to a certain extent, so that the Si content of the invention is 0.75-1.05% to obtain good toughness and toughness matching.
Mn: the nature and shape of the oxides formed when the steel solidifies can be altered. Meanwhile, the high-strength high-toughness high-strength steel has a larger affinity with S, can avoid forming low-melting-point sulfide FeS on a crystal boundary, and exists in MnS with. Mn has a solid solution strengthening effect, thereby improving the strength and hardness of ferrite and austenite. Can strengthen the austenite stabilization, prolong the transformation induction period and make the ferrite and bainite transformation easy to control. Due to the fact that Mn aggravates tempering brittleness and overheating sensitivity, the Mn content is selected to be 1.00% -1.50% in comprehensive consideration.
Cr: cr can increase the hardenability of steel, improve the tempering stability and generate a secondary hardening phenomenon; cr is a medium-strength carbide forming element, can form carbide with carbon in steel and can also be dissolved in solid solution and Fe3In C, Cr has favorable influence on the wear resistance, high-temperature strength, hot hardness and toughness of the steel, and the corrosion resistance of the steel can be obviously improved by dissolving Cr into a matrix. However, when the content is too high, the structure can be coarsened, so that the content of Cr added is 1.50-2.00 percent.
Mg: the affinity of Mg and O, S is strong, so that the O, S content in steel can be reduced, and the amount of oxides and sulfides in the steel is reduced; mg is a sulfide transformation of type IIAre strong modifiers of type III sulfides, which are mostly present in the MgS-MgS phase. By using Mg treatment, cluster/strip Al formation in the steel can be avoided2O3The impurities will form hard, tiny and randomly distributed MgO. Al2O3Spinel, as a more uniform nucleation site, helps to refine the grains and improve the strength and toughness of the steel. The invention selects proper Mg content of 0.003-0.004%.
The properties of the plastic die steel of the invention are mainly determined by the contents of carbon and alloying elements in the steel. In order to obtain the final properties of excellent strength and toughness, the use of alloying elements must be controlled. In order to save the alloy cost, the invention does not add alloy elements with higher cost such as Mo, Ni, V and the like, fully exerts the mutual matching effect of Si, Mn and Cr, and simultaneously adds Mg element to obtain the plastic die steel plate with excellent performance, so that the invention has the advantages that Si + Mn + Cr is 3.65-4.25 percent, and Cr/Mn is 1.3-1.6 percent
P, S: contributes to improvement of machinability. If the content is too much, serious segregation can be caused, and the homogeneity and the purity of the steel are influenced, but in consideration of the production cost, P is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, and S is less than or equal to 0.025 percent.
The second technical scheme of the invention provides a preparation method of plastic die steel, which comprises smelting, casting, heating, rolling and heat treatment; smelting by adopting a vacuum smelting furnace, and casting the smelted molten steel into a steel billet; putting the steel billet into a heating furnace for heating, wherein the heating process is divided into two stages, namely a first stage: 700-1240 ℃, the heating rate is 40-50 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 5-6 h, and the second stage is as follows: 1170-1230 ℃, the heating rate is 40-50 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 7-9 h. The heating system of the invention is beneficial to fully dissolving the alloy elements, improving the distribution of the alloy elements in the center of the casting blank and effectively reducing the segregation degree. The heated billet is rolled for multiple times to obtain a rolled steel plate, the initial rolling temperature is 1080-1150 ℃, the deformation of the first two times is 20-28%, the total deformation is more than 40%, the steel plate can obtain a good macrostructure by adopting a large reduction ratio, and the segregation phenomenon of the steel plate of the plastic die steel is reduced; the rolling speed is 12-18r/min, the plastic die steel can have sufficient reduction penetration under high temperature, low speed and high pressure, and the method is a key technology for improving the impact toughness. The two times before rolling adopt high-pressure water to remove phosphorus, and then the intermittent cooling strategy of strong cooling in the early stage and slow cooling in the later stage is not allowed, so that the impact toughness of the steel plate can be improved. The finishing temperature is 930-1040 ℃. And (4) slowly cooling the steel plate after the steel plate is off line, wherein the slowly cooling temperature is 350-450 ℃, and the slowly cooling time is not less than 24 hours.
The steel plate is slowly cooled and then is subjected to heat treatment, and the process comprises the following steps: tempering temperature is 550-580 ℃, and heat preservation time is 1-2.5 h, so that the plastic die steel plate with excellent performance of 30-200mm is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the high-quality plastic die steel is obtained by adding Mg element and the interaction of Si, Mn and Cr alloy elements without adding Mo, Ni, V and other metal elements with higher alloy cost, has simple production process, short period and higher hardness and toughness, has the isotropic property of 0.87-0.90, can control the homogeneity within 2HRC, has the properties superior to 3Cr2Mo steel and reaches the level of high-end plastic die steel.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
According to the embodiment of the invention, smelting, casting, heating, rolling and slow cooling are carried out according to the component proportion of the technical scheme.
The compositions of the steels of the examples of the invention are shown in table 1. The heating process parameters of the steel of the embodiment of the invention are shown in Table 2. The main process parameters of rolling and heat treatment of the steel of the embodiment of the invention are shown in Table 3. The Rockwell hardness of the steels of the examples of the present invention is shown in Table 4. The steel of the examples of the invention has the same properties as shown in Table 5.
TABLE 1 composition (wt%) of steels of examples of the present invention
| Examples | C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mg | P | S | Si+Mn+Cr | Cr/Mn |
| 1 | 0.35 | 0.90 | 1.21 | 1.68 | 0.0033 | 0.014 | 0.025 | 3.79 | 1.39 |
| 2 | 0.40 | 0.75 | 1.50 | 2.00 | 0.0030 | 0.013 | 0.020 | 4.25 | 1.33 |
| 3 | 0.43 | 0.95 | 1.27 | 1.91 | 0.0038 | 0.015 | 0.021 | 4.13 | 1.50 |
| 4 | 0.45 | 0.80 | 1.33 | 1.82 | 0.0040 | 0.012 | 0.024 | 3.95 | 1.37 |
| 5 | 0.38 | 1.05 | 1.00 | 1.60 | 0.0036 | 0.010 | 0.022 | 3.65 | 1.60 |
| 6 | 0.36 | 0.89 | 1.14 | 1.76 | 0.0035 | 0.014 | 0.023 | 3.79 | 1.54 |
| 7 | 0.42 | 0.93 | 1.35 | 1.89 | 0.0032 | 0.011 | 0.022 | 4.17 | 1.40 |
| 8 | 0.39 | 0.98 | 1.16 | 1.63 | 0.0037 | 0.015 | 0.025 | 3.77 | 1.41 |
TABLE 2 heating Process parameters of steels of examples of the present invention
TABLE 3 Main Process parameters for Rolling and Heat treatment of steels according to examples of the invention
TABLE 4 Rockwell hardness of steels of examples of the invention
TABLE 5 steel of the examples of the invention having equal directional properties
In order to express the present invention, the above embodiments are properly and fully described by way of examples, and the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the relevant art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made by the persons skilled in the relevant art should be included in the protection scope of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (2)
1. The plastic die steel is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: c: 0.35-0.45%, Si: 0.75-1.05%, Mn: 1.00% -1.50%, Cr: 1.50% -2.00%, Mg: 0.003-0.004%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S is less than or equal to 0.025%, wherein Si + Mn + Cr is 3.65-4.25%, and Cr/Mn is 1.3-1.6%; the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities;
the preparation method of the plastic die steel comprises smelting, casting, heating, rolling and heat treatment,
casting the smelted molten steel into a steel billet; putting the steel billet into a heating furnace for heating, wherein the heating process is divided into two stages, namely a first stage: 700-1240 ℃, the heating rate is 40-50 ℃/h, the heat preservation time is 5-6 h, and the second stage is as follows: 1170-1230 ℃, the heating rate is 40-50 ℃/h, and the heat preservation time is 7-9 h; rolling the heated steel billet for multiple times to obtain a rolled steel plate, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1080-1150 ℃, the deformation of the first two times is 20-28%, the total deformation is more than 40%, the rotating speed of a roller is 12-18r/min, and the final rolling temperature is 930-1040 ℃; after the steel plate is off-line, slowly cooling the steel plate, wherein the slowly cooling temperature is 350-450 ℃, and the slowly cooling time is not less than 24 hours; and (3) carrying out heat treatment after slowly cooling the steel plate, wherein the tempering temperature is 550-580 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2.5 h.
2. A plastics die steel according to claim 1, wherein the die steel is homogeneous to within 2HRC and has a transverse to longitudinal impact ratio of 0.87 to 0.90.
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| CN111826589B (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2021-08-20 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Plastic die steel with high strength and high corrosion resistance and preparation method thereof |
| CN111850397B (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2021-08-20 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | High-temperature-resistant corrosion-resistant plastic die steel with excellent cutting performance and preparation method thereof |
| CN111809115B (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2021-09-14 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Super-thick plastic die steel with excellent impact corrosion wear resistance and preparation method thereof |
| CN111850399B (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2021-09-14 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Corrosion-resistant plastic die steel with good wear resistance and preparation method thereof |
| CN111809114B (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2021-09-14 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Plastic die steel with excellent high-temperature strength and preparation method thereof |
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| JPS6075549A (en) * | 1983-09-20 | 1985-04-27 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Free-cutting alloy tool steel |
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