CN109504870A - A kind of lightweight automobile buffer beam in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy and preparation method - Google Patents
A kind of lightweight automobile buffer beam in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy and preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109504870A CN109504870A CN201811392237.3A CN201811392237A CN109504870A CN 109504870 A CN109504870 A CN 109504870A CN 201811392237 A CN201811392237 A CN 201811392237A CN 109504870 A CN109504870 A CN 109504870A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
- C22C1/1047—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
- C22C1/1052—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites by mixing and casting metal matrix composites with reaction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0005—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with at least one oxide and at least one of carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum matrix composites, specifically design a kind of lightweight automobile buffer beam in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy and preparation method.Pass through situ synthesis techniques, using the mixed powder of zirconium carbonate, potassium fluoborate and potassium fluotitanate as reactant, application sound magnetic coupling field during the reaction obtains the composite material of equally distributed nanometer reinforcing phase cluster and fine grained texture in solidification stages application sound magnetic coupling field.Then pass through the Hot-extrusion and quenching technology of optimization, reduce the defect of material, and promote the subgrain in material that dynamic recrystallization occurs, obtain tiny recrystal grain, improve intensity, plasticity, impact resistance and the corrosion resistance of material, its collision energy-absorbing effect is utmostly improved, qualified automobile buffer beam aluminum matrix composite profile is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminum matrix composites, specifically design a kind of lightweight automobile buffer beam and are strengthened with in-situ nano
Aluminium alloy and preparation method.
Background technique
Energy-saving and emission-reduction, environmental protection and traffic safety are three big topics of current automobile industry, and automotive light weight technology is energy
Enough realize one of the measure of these targets.Studies have shown that the every reduction 100kg of car mass, fuel consumption per hundred kilometers can reduce 0.3 liter,
The carbon dioxide of every kilometer of discharge can also reduce by 7.5~12.5g.Therefore automotive light weight technology is current research hotspot, wherein one
A important channel is exactly to use light-weight high-strength material, and aluminium alloy is exactly a kind of light material of function admirable, nowadays widely
For automobile structure.Automobile buffer beam is one of body structural member and mostly important one of the safety component of automobile, mainly
Effect is to absorb to mitigate foreign impacts power in vehicle collision, protects automobile safety of vehicle body and occupant in collision accident.Mesh
The Aluminum alloy extrusion material of preceding automobile buffer beam is mainly 6082,6061 and 6005A squeeze wood.
As the whole world constantly improve and people are continuous to the understanding of vehicle safety in the regulation of vehicle amount secure context
It improves, therefore more stringent requirements are proposed to the performance of this automobile buffer beam aluminum alloy materials.Chinese patent
201410213392.X discloses a kind of automobile buffer beam Al-Zn-Mg-Cu aluminium alloy and products thereof manufacturing method, design one
The new alloy formula of kind improves the intensity and toughness of Aluminum alloy extrusion material.Chinese patent 201710682641.3 discloses one kind
The Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy of design is carried out 440-480 by high-performance and low-cost automobile buffer beam aluminium alloy and its preparation process
DEG C hot extrusion, then outlet carry out part line water mist handle setting, obtain collision prevention girders squeeze wood.
It is mainly anti-to improve by the ingredient and extrusion process of change aluminium alloy according to current existing technology and patent
Hit the comprehensive performance of neck.Material is improved by traditional alloy precipitation strength however, being still by the ingredient for designing aluminium alloy
Performance, it is difficult to get rid of the inverted relationship of strong plasticity；Improving extrusion process temperature height and changing technique makes process complicate
It is unsuitable for industrial mass continuous production.Therefore it is badly in need of developing a kind of novel tough collision prevention girders material of high-strength light.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to be in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, using directly fusant reaction technological development one in situ
Kind lightweight automobile buffer beam in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy and preparation method, and it is in situ anti-to combine sound magnetic coupling field to regulate and control it
Process (melt) and process of setting (semisolid) and subsequent extrusion process forming technique are answered, the strong modeling of collision prevention girders is significantly improved
Property and shock resistance.
A kind of lightweight automotive collision prevention girders in-situ nano aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof of the invention, passes through fabricated in situ skill
Art, can be with since zirconium carbonate is decomposed into zirconium oxide using the mixed powder of zirconium carbonate, potassium fluoborate and potassium fluotitanate as reactant
Al and Mg element reaction in alloy matrix aluminum generates magnesium aluminate spinel, is adsorbed at particle and basal body interface, can hinder particle
Grow up and particle agglomeration, and increase the bond strength at particle and interface, obtain nano-scale particle.Apply during the reaction
Sound magnetic coupling field can make zirconium carbonate decompose the more uniform distribution of the heat discharged in the melt, improve the recovery rate of particle, and
And the relationship of interface energy between particle and aluminium can be changed in sound magnetic coupling field, causes particle and the contact angle at interface less than 90 °, particle
It is captured by interface, so that nano particle cluster is uniformly distributed in the base.In solidification stages application sound magnetic coupling field, due at this moment
Melt viscosity is big, applies the coupled field of greater strength, can effectively be crushed coarse precipitated phase, and improve in melt process of setting
Nucleation rate, finally obtain the composite material of equally distributed nanometer reinforcing phase cluster and fine grained texture.Then pass through optimization
Hot-extrusion and quenching technology, reduce the defect of material, and promote the subgrain in material that dynamic recrystallization occurs, and obtain thin
Small recrystal grain improves intensity, plasticity, impact resistance and the corrosion resistance of material, utmostly improves its collision energy-absorbing
Effect obtains qualified automobile buffer beam aluminum matrix composite profile.
A kind of lightweight automobile buffer beam in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy, the alloy matrix aluminum composition and quality hundred of use
Divide ratio are as follows: Si 1-1.2, Mg 0.8-1, Cu 0.2-0.3, Mn 0.4-0.8, Cr 0.03-0.05, Ti 0.01-0.02, surplus
For Al.
Preparation method of the invention the following steps are included:
Alloy matrix aluminum is put into and melts and keep the temperature 5-10min in high purity graphite crucible at 750-780 DEG C, then by melt
Temperature rises to 830-870 DEG C, and the reaction powder wrapped up with high-purity aluminum foil that indentation drying and processing is crossed enters in melt, while anti-
First time application sound magnetic coupling field during answering, reaction 20-40min carry out the refining of first time later and take off Slag treatment；Then
It is put into resistance furnace and cools the temperature to 600-660 DEG C and keep the temperature, then second of application sound magnetic coupling field 10-20min carries out
Secondary refining and Slag treatment is taken off, poured into copper mold, composite material casting rod is made.Then Homogenization Treatments are carried out, after processing
Aluminium alloy cast rod carry out hot extrusion deformation processing and subsequent heat treatment, finally obtain collision prevention girders with in-situ nano reinforced aluminum close
Golden extrusion.
The reaction powder of the high-purity aluminum foil package is zirconium carbonate (Zr (CO3)2), potassium fluoborate (KBF4) and fluotitanic acid
Potassium (K2TiF6), reaction generates in-situ nano ZrB2, TiB2And Al2O3Particle, three kinds of particle sizes are 50-100 nanometers,
Potassium fluoborate (KBF4), zirconium carbonate (Zr (CO3)2) and potassium fluotitanate (K2TiF6) weight ratio 10-12:3-5:5-6, react powder
The additional amount of body is the 30-50% of melt.The ZrB that volume fraction is 1-3% can be obtained2, 1-3%TiB2With 1-3%'s
Al2O3Nano particle.
The the first infrasonic sound magnetic coupling field applied in the reaction process is low frequency magnetic field and high-energy ultrasonic field.Low-frequency magnetic
, frequency 5-10Hz, magnetic force electric current is 50-100A；High-energy ultrasonic field, power 800-1200W, frequency 15-20kHz；
The application sound magnetic coupling field in high-temperature reaction process can promote the progress of reaction, improve the recovery rate of particle, improve particle and base
The wetability of body is uniformly distributed particle in the base, and guarantees each region even concentration in melt, inhibits the length of particle
Greatly, micronized particles.
The sound magnetic coupling field of second of application is high-frequency impulse magnetic field and high-energy ultrasonic field.High-frequency impulse, frequency
For 15-22Hz, magnetic force electric current is 200-250A；High-energy ultrasonic field, power 1000-1500W, frequency 20-25kHz；Due to
Application sound magnetic coupling field under semisolid generates strong collision and scouring force by magnetic field and ultrasound since melt viscosity is larger
Coarse precipitated phase and particle clusters can effectively be broken, further improve the distribution of the pattern and particle of precipitated phase, while magnetic
And ultrasound on generate violent turbulent flow make particle cease between phase mutual friction and collision, on the one hand polish the corner of particle, make
Grain nodularization, biggish impact force and shearing force can be such that between particle defective place generates to split between another aspect particle
Line makes Particle Breakage, obtains more tiny particle.Therefore material can further be improved in process of setting application sound magnetic coupling field
The microstructure of material.
The Homogenization Treatments refer to casting rod being warming up to 520-570 DEG C of heat preservation 20-24h, are then air-cooled to room temperature.
The hot extrusion deformation processing technology are as follows: the ingot casting after homogenization is dimensioned to extruding stick by required
Material is sent into resistance furnace and is heated to 450-500 DEG C of heat preservation 0.5-1h, extrusion die is then heated to 400-450 DEG C of heat preservation 10-
30min carries out hot extrusion with the extrusion speed of 2-5mm/s.
The heat treatment is T6 heat treatment, is dissolved: 510-540 DEG C of temperature, soaking time 2-5h.Quenching uses online water
Mist quenches and wears water quenching, and squeeze wood temperature is 350-400 DEG C after water spray quenching, and temperature is 15-25 DEG C after wearing water quenching.Manually
Timeliness: 170-190 DEG C of temperature, soaking time 4-8h.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention provides a kind of lightweight automobile buffer beam in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy and preparation method, passes through
Directly fusant reaction technology in situ simultaneously regulates and controls its reaction process and process of setting in conjunction with sound magnetic coupling field technology, obtains former
Position nanometer (ZrB2+TiB2+Al2O3) particle (50-100nm) is evenly distributed the In-sltu reinforcement aluminum matrix composite tiny with crystal grain
Ingot casting.Again by hot-pressed and T6 heat treatment, so that in-situ nano prepared by the present invention enhancing composite material is with higher
Strong plasticity and shock resistance, and nano particle prepared by the present invention can effectively improve the corrosion resistance of material, make to reach
To the effect of collision energy-absorbing, applies and can be improved automobile safety of vehicle body and occupant in collision accident on automobile buffer beam.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate more clearly of technical solution of the present invention, required attached drawing will be done simply be situated between below
It continues, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art are come
It says, without creative efforts, is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is preparation technology flow chart of the invention
Fig. 2 is the organization chart of collision prevention girders in-situ nano reinforced aluminum matrix composites ingot casting of the invention
Fig. 3 is the hot extrusion organization chart of collision prevention girders in-situ nano reinforced aluminum matrix composites of the invention
Fig. 4 is the shape appearance figure that polynary nanometer of the invention enhances particle
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
The every other embodiments that member obtains more without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
(1) aluminium alloy is cast: 1Kg aluminium alloy being put into high purity graphite crucible and melts and keep the temperature 10min at 780 DEG C, so
Melt temperature is risen to 870 DEG C afterwards, the reaction powder wrapped up with high-purity aluminum foil that drying and processing is crossed is added portionwise, and (granularity is less than
100 μm, the quality of zirconium carbonate is 38g, potassium fluoborate 69g, potassium fluotitanate 75g) enter in melt, while opening low frequency magnetic field
With the combination unit (magnetic field: frequency 5Hz, magnetic force electric current 50A of high-energy ultrasonic field；Ultrasound: power 800W, frequency 15kHz) reaction
20min removes the dross of bath surface after reaction and will refine in carbon trichloride penetrating solution；It is then placed in resistance
660 DEG C are cooled the temperature in furnace and is kept the temperature, while opening the combination unit (magnetic field: frequency of high-frequency impulse magnetic field and high-energy ultrasonic field
20Hz, magnetic force electric current 250A；Ultrasound: power 1500W, frequency 25kHz) 15min, then carry out secondary refining and the place that skims
Reason (slagging agent of refining and then addition 0.5% is skimmed after stirring), pours into copper mold, (1vol%ZrB is made2+ 1vol%
TiB2+ 1vol%Al2O3) aluminum matrix composite casting rod.
(2) Homogenization Treatments: carrying out cutting head cutting tail for the resulting casting rod of step 1 and mill face, and the casting rod that length is 80mm is made.
Then casting rod is put into chamber type electric resistance furnace and is heated to 550 DEG C of heat preservations for 24 hours.
(3) hot extrusion: the ingot casting after homogenization is dimensioned to squeeze ingot blank as required, resistance furnace is sent into and adds
Then extrusion die is heated to 450 DEG C of heat preservation 15min, carries out heat with the extrusion speed of 2mm/s by heat to 450 DEG C of heat preservation 0.5h
It squeezes, obtains the extruded bars that diameter is 15mm.
(4) T6 is heat-treated: the extruded bars that step 3 is obtained are heat-treated.Solid solution: 540 DEG C of temperature, soaking time
2h.Quenching is using online water spray quenching and wears water quenching, and squeeze wood temperature is 350 DEG C after water spray quenching, wears temperature after water quenching
It is 25 DEG C.Artificial aging: 170 DEG C of temperature, soaking time 4h.It is multiple with in-situ particle enhancing aluminium base to finally obtain qualified collision prevention girders
Condensation material extrusion.
Embodiment 2:
Preparation method with it is essentially identical in embodiment 1, the difference is that: reactant quality is different, the quality of zirconium carbonate
For 77g, potassium fluoborate 138g, potassium fluotitanate is that 142g reacts obtained (2vol%ZrB2+ 2vol%TiB2+ 2vol%Al2O3)
Aluminum matrix composite casting rod.
Embodiment 3:
Preparation method with it is essentially identical in embodiment 1, the difference is that: reactant quality is different, the quality of zirconium carbonate
For 115g, potassium fluoborate 206g, potassium fluotitanate is that 210g reacts obtained (3vol%ZrB2+ 3vol%TiB2+ 3vol%
Al2O3) aluminum matrix composite casting rod.
Each embodiment is respectively the composite material of the in-situ nano particle of different volumes score, and specific mechanical performance is shown in
Following table:
The performance test results of the nano reinforced composites squeeze wood that respectively examination example provides of table 1
Test proves that automobile buffer beam of the invention and conventionally employed automobile buffer beam have the advantages that following prominent
And effect: tensile strength, yield strength and elongation percentage, which have, to be increased substantially, and its quasi-static collapse is tested, deflection 60-
85%, sample is without obvious crackle.However comparative example 2 and 3, it can be concluded that grain volume fraction should not be too high, granule integrates
Number causes particle to be reunited again more than 6vol% since granule content is too high, deteriorates distribution and the matrix of particle, thus
Reduce the performance of material.(2vol%ZrB prepared by the present invention2+ 2vol%TiB2+ 2vol%Al2O3) aluminum matrix composite has
Higher performance can satisfy the requirement of the mechanical performance of automobile buffer beam material, achieve the effect that collision energy-absorbing.
The present invention provides a kind of lightweight automobile buffer beam in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy and preparation methods, and combine
Selection to the accurate control and grain volume fraction of preparation method technological parameter, obtains a kind of automobile collision preventing that high-strength light is tough
Beam material provides reference frame to prepare high performance lightweight automotive collision prevention girders material from now on, has a vast market foreground
And economic value.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of preparation method of lightweight automobile buffer beam in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy, which is characterized in that by aluminium alloy
Matrix, which is put into, melts at 750-780 DEG C and keeps the temperature 5-10min in high purity graphite crucible, melt temperature is then risen to 830-870
DEG C, the reaction powder wrapped up with high-purity aluminum foil that indentation drying and processing is crossed enters in melt, while during the reaction for the first time
Application sound magnetic coupling field, reaction 20-40min carry out the refining of first time later and take off Slag treatment；Being then placed in resistance furnace will
Temperature is down to 600-660 DEG C and is kept the temperature, second of application sound magnetic coupling field 10-20min, then carries out secondary refining and takes off
Slag treatment pours into copper mold, and composite material casting rod is made, then carries out Homogenization Treatments, will treated aluminium alloy cast rod into
The processing of row hot extrusion deformation and subsequent heat treatment, finally obtain lightweight automobile buffer beam in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy.
2. a kind of preparation method of lightweight automobile buffer beam in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the reaction powder of the high-purity aluminum foil package is zirconium carbonate (Zr (CO3)2), potassium fluoborate (KBF4) and fluotitanic acid
Potassium (K2TiF6), reaction generates in-situ nano ZrB2, TiB2And Al2O3Particle, three kinds of particle sizes are 50-100 nanometers,
Potassium fluoborate (KBF4), zirconium carbonate (Zr (CO3)2) and potassium fluotitanate (K2TiF6) weight ratio 10-12:3-5:5-6, react powder
The additional amount of body is the 30-50% of melt, can obtain the ZrB that volume fraction is 1-3%2, 1-3%TiB2With 1-3%'s
Al2O3Nano particle.
3. a kind of preparation method of lightweight automobile buffer beam in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the first infrasonic sound magnetic coupling field applied in the reaction process, is low frequency magnetic field and high-energy ultrasonic field；Low-frequency magnetic
, frequency 5-10Hz, magnetic force electric current is 50-100A；High-energy ultrasonic field, power 800-1200W, frequency 15-20kHz；
The application sound magnetic coupling field in high-temperature reaction process can promote the progress of reaction, improve the recovery rate of particle, improve particle and base
The wetability of body is uniformly distributed particle in the base, and guarantees each region even concentration in melt, inhibits the length of particle
Greatly, micronized particles.
4. a kind of preparation method of lightweight automobile buffer beam in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the sound magnetic coupling field of second of application is high-frequency impulse magnetic field and high-energy ultrasonic field；High-frequency impulse, frequency
For 15-22Hz, magnetic force electric current is 200-250A；High-energy ultrasonic field, power 1000-1500W, frequency 20-25kHz；Due to
Application sound magnetic coupling field under semisolid generates strong collision and scouring force by magnetic field and ultrasound since melt viscosity is larger
Coarse precipitated phase and particle clusters can effectively be broken, further improve the distribution of the pattern and particle of precipitated phase, while magnetic
And ultrasound on generate violent turbulent flow make particle cease between phase mutual friction and collision, on the one hand polish the corner of particle, make
Grain nodularization, biggish impact force and shearing force can be such that between particle defective place generates to split between another aspect particle
Line makes Particle Breakage, obtains more tiny particle.
5. a kind of preparation method of lightweight automobile buffer beam in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the Homogenization Treatments, refers to and casting rod is warming up to 520-570 DEG C of heat preservation 20-24h, be then air-cooled to room temperature.
6. a kind of preparation method of lightweight automobile buffer beam in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy as described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that, the hot extrusion deformation processing technology are as follows: be dimensioned to squeeze use by required by the ingot casting after homogenization
Bar is sent into resistance furnace and is heated to 450-500 DEG C of heat preservation 0.5-1h, extrusion die is then heated to 400-450 DEG C of heat preservation 10-
30min carries out hot extrusion with the extrusion speed of 2-5mm/s.
7. a kind of preparation method of lightweight automobile buffer beam in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy as described in claim 1,
It being characterized in that, the heat treatment is T6 heat treatment, it is dissolved: 510-540 DEG C of temperature, soaking time 2-5h；Quenching is using online
Water spray quenching and water quenching is worn, squeeze wood temperature is 350-400 DEG C after water spray quenching, and temperature is 15-25 DEG C after wearing water quenching；People
Working hour effect: 170-190 DEG C of temperature, soaking time 4-8h.
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| CN110273087A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-24 | 昆明理工大学 | Regulate and control the method for hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy casting overall performance |
| WO2020098580A1 (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2020-05-22 | 江苏大学 | In-situ nano-reinforced aluminum alloy extruded material for lightweight vehicle bodies and isothermal variable-speed extrusion preparation method |
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