CN109504258B - 一种具有隔热和超疏水功能的透明车衣的制作方法 - Google Patents

一种具有隔热和超疏水功能的透明车衣的制作方法 Download PDF

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CN109504258B
CN109504258B CN201811322257.3A CN201811322257A CN109504258B CN 109504258 B CN109504258 B CN 109504258B CN 201811322257 A CN201811322257 A CN 201811322257A CN 109504258 B CN109504258 B CN 109504258B
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刘世勇
盖静
戴江臻
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Chengdu Dekeli Polymer Materials Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种具有隔热和超疏水功能的透明车衣的制作方法，所述具有隔热和超疏水功能的透明车衣由A组分和B组分分别喷涂在车漆上烘干而制得，A组分和B组分的重量比为4‑100：1；其中，A组分为水性聚氨酯‑纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液，B组分为含氟硅烷溶液。使用时先将A组分均匀喷涂于车漆表面并烘干，然后喷涂B组分，在80‑150℃下加热1‑10分钟，即获得兼具隔热和超疏水效果的隐形车衣。

Description

一种具有隔热和超疏水功能的透明车衣的制作方法
技术领域
本发明涉及车漆保护膜技术领域，特别是涉及一种具有隔热和超疏水功能的透明车衣的制作方法。
背景技术
车辆在使用过程中难免发生剐蹭碰撞从而导致车漆损伤，长久的风吹日晒也会导致车漆老化、变色，为了保护车漆和提升美观，各类隐形车衣也应运而生。目前市场上主流的隐形车衣为TPU保护膜，如公开号为CN 206030690U的专利公开的一种汽车保护膜。此类保护膜贴膜时过程繁琐，耗时耗力，因接着车漆的保护膜最下层一般为热熔胶或压敏胶，对车漆附着力高，剥离时也非常繁琐，品质差的保护膜在剥离时容易残胶，甚至破坏漆面。因此，以水为分散介质的水性车衣开始逐渐占据市场，水性车衣使用简单，只需用喷枪将水性高分子材料均匀喷覆在车漆之上并烘干即可，省时省力。而且水性车衣直接在车漆上成膜，对车漆有一定附着力，又容易剥离，不会对车漆带来二次伤害，可以真正做到对车漆的保护，如公开号为CN 107501497A的专利所公开的一种车衣用水性聚氨酯树脂。膜类材料的另一个缺点为功能单一，不能针对不同要求作出调整。比如深色汽车漆容易吸热，在太阳直射时车内温度易升高，降温散热需要大量的能耗，一般保护膜却不能提供隔热的功能；汽车在存放行驶过程中也难免污损，每次洗车也需要耗费财力时间，但是市场上却没有针对此类问题等而推出的适用车衣。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种具有隔热和超疏水功能的透明车衣的制作方法，本发明以聚碳酸酯基水性聚氨酯树脂材料为成膜物，成膜后可提供对车漆适当的附着力和优异的隔绝保护性能，借助纳米氧化锡锑(ATO)对可视光（380nm～780nm）的吸收率极弱而且可以吸收或反射近红外线（1000nm～2500nm）的特性，将纳米氧化锡锑材料均匀分散在成膜物中从而获得兼具透明度和隔热性的隐形车衣，最后通过含氟硅烷和纳米氧化锡锑表面羟基的反应，赋予车衣优秀而持久的超疏水性能。
本发明由A组分和B组分分别喷涂在车漆上烘干而制得，A组分和B组分的重量比为4-100：1，使用时先将A组分均匀喷涂在车漆上并在25-70℃烘干，如此重复喷涂并且烘干3-8次，然后喷涂B组分，喷涂B组分后在80-150℃下加热1-10分钟；其中，
A组分为水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液；
B组分为含氟硅烷溶液。
其中A组分水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液的制备包括以下步骤，其中所用原料以质量份数计：
将相对分子质量为2000-3000的聚碳酸酯二元醇100份加入带控温和分散装置的密封分散釜中，依次加入脂肪族二异氰酸酯30-70份、催化剂0.05-0.2份、交联剂1-10份、小分子扩链剂0-28份、亲水扩链剂4-10份反应5-7小时，温度控制在50-85℃，然后降温至25-45℃，加入中和剂0-8份中和，加入去离子水高速搅拌乳化，制得固含量为30%-50%的水性聚氨酯乳液；
取上述制备的水性聚氨酯乳液100份加入带分散装置的密封分散釜中，加入有机硅流平剂0.1-1份，有机硅润湿剂0.1-1份，紫外线吸收剂0.5-3份，30%含量的纳米氧化锡锑浆10-50份，低速搅拌1小时，即得水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液。
上述方法中所用的二异氰酸酯包括氢化二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯、己二异氰酸酯中的至少一种；
上述方法中所用的催化剂包括有机铋催化剂和有机银催化剂中的至少一种；
上述方法中所用的交联剂包括三羟甲基丙烷和N303(相对分子质量为300的三羟基聚氧化丙醚)中的至少一种；
上述方法中所用的小分子扩链剂包括1，6-己二醇、1，4-丁二醇、1，4-环己基二甲醇中的至少一种；
上述方法中所用的亲水扩链剂包括2，2-二羟甲基丙酸、2，2-二羟甲基丁酸、2-(2-氨基乙基)氨基乙磺酸钠盐中的至少一种；
上述方法中所用的中和剂包括三乙胺、二甲基乙醇胺中的至少一种。
B组分全氟硅烷溶液由以下技术措施实现：
将含氟硅烷分散在溶剂中，均匀搅拌，制得固含量为1%-3%的含氟硅烷溶液。
上述方法中所用的含氟硅烷包括全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷、十二氟庚基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、全氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷、全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、全氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或者两种。
上述方法中所用的溶剂包括乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、丁酮、碳酸二甲酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或者两种。本发明的有益效果是：
（1）本发明提供的具有隔热和超疏水功能的透明车衣以聚碳酸酯基水性聚氨酯树脂为主体原料，聚碳酸酯基水性聚氨酯耐老化性好、成膜强度高、韧性好、综合性能优异，配合各类助剂可以提供对车漆全方位的保护；
（2）本发明提供的主体原料以水为主要分散介质，对人体和环境无任何不良影响，除可用于车漆外，也可用于玻璃、透明塑料等材料的防护；
（3）纳米氧化锡锑材料的引入赋予车衣良好的隔热性能，在炎热天气可以减少降温所带来的能耗；
（4）本发明所用主体原料使用简单方便，相比贴膜工艺可以大大缩短施工时间，普通人也可在适宜条件下自行操作，而且其对车漆附着力不高，容易去除，无任何残胶，不会破坏车漆；
（5）纳米氧化锡锑表面有大量羟基，含氟硅烷溶液的溶剂会腐蚀聚氨酯材料表面，含氟硅烷水解后和纳米材料表面羟基接触并发生脱水缩合反应，使得大量含氟硅烷化学接枝在膜表面，从而获得持久的超疏水效果和一定的疏油效果，赋予车辆一定的自清洁性能，残留的少量污渍也很容易清洗干净。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步详细描述本发明的技术方案，但本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述。
实施例1
本发明提供的一种具有隔热和超疏水功能的透明车衣，所述透明车衣由A组分和B组分分别喷涂在车漆上烘干而制得，A组分和B组分的重量比为4︰1，使用时先将A组分均匀喷涂在车漆上并在25℃条件下干燥，如此重复喷涂并干燥3次，然后喷涂B组分，喷涂B组分后在80℃下加热10分钟即得成品；其中，
A组分为水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液；
B组分为含氟硅烷溶液。
上述A组分水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液的制备依次经过以下步骤：
将相对分子质量为3000的聚碳酸酯二醇100份加入带加热、控温和分散装置的密封分散釜中，加入己二异氰酸酯70份,有机银催化剂0.2份，于80度反应2小时，然后加入N303 1份、环己基二甲醇28份反应2小时，降温至50度加入亲水扩链剂2-(2-氨基乙基)氨基乙磺酸钠5份反应1小时，然后降温至45度，加入去离子水高速搅拌乳化，制得固含量为30%的水性聚氨酯乳液；
取上述水性聚氨酯乳液100份，加入有机硅流平剂1份，有机硅润湿剂0.1份，紫外线吸收剂0.5份，30%含量的纳米氧化锡锑浆10份，以200r/min转速搅拌1小时，即得水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液。
上述的B组分经过下述步骤制备：
将1份全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷、2份十二氟庚基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷溶于97份乙醇中，制得固含量3%的含氟硅烷溶液。
本发明提供的具有隔热和超疏水功能的透明车衣韧性强、耐久性好、具有一定的隔热性能和良好的超疏水性能。
实施例2
本发明提供的一种具有隔热和超疏水功能的透明车衣，所述透明车衣由A组分和B组分分别喷涂在车漆上烘干而制得，A组分和B组分的重量比为100︰1，使用时先将A组分均匀喷涂在车漆上并在70℃条件下烘干，如此重复喷涂并干燥8次，然后喷涂B组分，喷涂B组分后在150℃下加热1分钟即得成品；其中，
A组分为水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液；
B组分为含氟硅烷溶液。
上述A组分水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液的制备依次经过以下步骤：
将相对质量分数为3000的聚碳酸酯二醇100份加入带加热、控温和分散装置的密封分散釜中，加入氢化二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯30份, 有机铋催化剂0.05份于85度反应2小时，然后加入N303 10份反应2小时，然后降温至50度，加入亲水扩链剂2-(2-氨基乙基)氨基乙磺酸钠4份反应1小时，降温至25℃，加入去离子水高速搅拌乳化，制得固含量为50%的水性聚氨酯乳液；
取上述水性聚氨酯乳液100份，加入有机硅流平剂0.1份，有机硅润湿剂1份，紫外线吸收剂3份，30%含量的纳米氧化锡锑浆50份，以100r/min转速搅拌1小时，即得水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液。
上述的B组分经过下述步骤制备：
将1份全氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷溶于99份异丙醇中，制得固含量1%的含氟硅烷溶液。
实施例3
本发明提供的一种具有隔热和超疏水功能的透明车衣，所述透明车衣由A组分和B组分分别喷涂在车漆上烘干而制得，A组分和B组分的重量比为20︰1，使用时先将A组分均匀喷涂在车漆上并在60℃条件下烘干，如此重复喷涂并干燥4次，然后喷涂B组分，喷涂B组分后在100℃下加热3分钟即得成品；其中，
A组分为水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液；
B组分为含氟硅烷溶液。
上述A组分水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液的制备依次经过以下步骤：
将相对质量分数为2000的聚碳酸酯二醇100份加入带加热、控温和分散装置的密封分散釜中，加入异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯60份, 有机铋催化剂0.1份于85度反应2小时，然后加入三羟甲基丙烷2份、1，4-丁二醇5份反应2小时，然后加入亲水扩链剂2，2-二羟甲基丙酸10份反应3小时，降温至35℃，加入三乙胺8份充分中和，然后加入去离子水高速搅拌乳化，制得固含量为35%的水性聚氨酯乳液；
取上述水性聚氨酯乳液100份，加入有机硅流平剂0.5份，有机硅润湿剂0.5份，紫外线吸收剂2份，30%含量的纳米氧化锡锑浆30份，以500r/min转速搅拌1小时，即得水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液。
上述的B组分经过下述步骤制备：
将2份全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷溶于98份异丙醇中，制得固含量2%的含氟硅烷溶液。
实施例4
本发明提供的一种具有隔热和超疏水功能的透明车衣，所述透明车衣由A组分和B组分分别喷涂在车漆上烘干而制得，A组分和B组分的重量比为40︰1，使用时先将A组分均匀喷涂在车漆上并在50℃条件下烘干，如此重复喷涂并干燥6次，然后喷涂B组分，喷涂B组分后在120℃下加热2分钟即得成品；其中，
A组分为水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液；
B组分为含氟硅烷溶液。
上述A组分水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液的制备依次经过以下步骤：
将相对质量分数为2000的聚碳酸酯二醇100份加入带加热、控温和分散装置的密封分散釜中，加入氢化二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯40份, 有机铋催化剂0.05份于85度反应2小时，然后加入N303 2份、1，6-己二醇1份反应1小时，然后加入亲水扩链剂2，2-二羟甲基丁酸8份反应3小时，降温至30℃，加入三乙胺6份充分中和，然后加入去离子水高速搅拌乳化，制得固含量为40%的水性聚氨酯乳液；
取上述水性聚氨酯乳液100份，加入有机硅流平剂0.3份，有机硅润湿剂0.6份，紫外线吸收剂2.5份，30%含量的纳米氧化锡锑浆20份，以300r/min转速搅拌1小时，即得水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液。
上述的B组分经过下述步骤制备：
将2.5份全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷溶于97.5份异丙醇中，制得固含量2.5%的含氟硅烷溶液。
尽管本发明已进行了一定程度的描述，明显地，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的条件下，可进行各个条件的适当变化。可以理解，本发明不限于所述实施方案，而归于权利要求的范围，其包括所述每个因素的等同替换。

Claims (2)

1.一种具有隔热和超疏水功能的透明车衣的制作方法，其特征在于，由A组分和B组分分别喷涂在车漆上烘干而制得，A组分和B组分的重量比为4-100：1，使用时先将A组分均匀喷涂在车漆上并在25-70℃烘干，如此重复3-8次，然后喷涂B组分，喷涂B组分后在80-150℃下加热1-10分钟；其中，
A组分为水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液；
B组分为含氟硅烷溶液；
所述A组分水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液的制备方法包括以下步骤，其中所用原料以质量份数计：
将相对分子质量为2000-3000的聚碳酸酯二元醇100份加入带控温和分散装置的密封分散釜中，依次加入脂肪族二异氰酸酯30-70份、催化剂0.05-0.2份、交联剂1-10份、小分子扩链剂0-28份、亲水扩链剂4-10份，温度控制在50-85℃共反应5-7小时，然后降温至25-45℃，加入中和剂0-8份中和，加入去离子水高速搅拌乳化，制得固含量为30%-50%的水性聚氨酯乳液；
取上述制备的水性聚氨酯乳液100份加入带分散装置的密封分散釜中，加入有机硅流平剂0.1-1份，有机硅润湿剂0.1-1份，紫外线吸收剂0.5-3份，30%含量的纳米氧化锡锑浆10-50份，以100-500r/min转速搅拌1小时，即得水性聚氨酯-纳米氧化锡锑复合乳液；
所述脂肪族二异氰酸酯包括异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯、己二异氰酸酯中的至少一种；
所述催化剂包括有机铋催化剂和有机银催化剂中的至少一种；
所述交联剂包括三羟甲基丙烷和相对分子质量为300的三羟基聚氧化丙醚中的至少一种；
所述小分子扩链剂包括1，6-己二醇、1，4-丁二醇、1，4-环己基二甲醇中的至少一种；
所述亲水扩链剂包括2，2-二羟甲基丙酸、2，2-二羟甲基丁酸、2-(2-氨基乙基)氨基乙磺酸钠盐中的至少一种；
所述中和剂包括三乙胺、二甲基乙醇胺中的至少一种；
所述B组分全氟硅烷溶液由含氟硅烷和溶剂组成，所述全氟硅烷溶液固含量为1%-3%；
所述含氟硅烷包括全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷、十二氟庚基丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、全氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷、全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、全氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或者两种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有隔热和超疏水功能的透明车衣的制作方法，其特征在于，所述溶剂包括乙醇、异丙醇、丙酮、丁酮、碳酸二甲酯、N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或者两种。
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