CN109497347A - A kind of mud crab feed and its simple preparation method - Google Patents

A kind of mud crab feed and its simple preparation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109497347A
CN109497347A CN201811394099.2A CN201811394099A CN109497347A CN 109497347 A CN109497347 A CN 109497347A CN 201811394099 A CN201811394099 A CN 201811394099A CN 109497347 A CN109497347 A CN 109497347A
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China
Prior art keywords
feed
mud crab
composite adhesive
crab feed
fish
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Pending
Application number
CN201811394099.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
徐海圣
陈坚
蔡继晗
邹易易
刘志坚
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Wenzhou Fisheries Technology Extension Station
Zhejiang University ZJU
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Wenzhou Fisheries Technology Extension Station
Zhejiang University ZJU
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Application filed by Wenzhou Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Zhejiang University ZJU filed Critical Wenzhou Fisheries Technology Extension Station
Priority to CN201811394099.2A priority Critical patent/CN109497347A/en
Publication of CN109497347A publication Critical patent/CN109497347A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of mud crab feed and its simple preparation method, which is made of 35~45% fish meal, 8~15% shrimp shell meals, 4~6% cuttlefish powders, 8~12% dehulled soybean meals, 18~25% Strong flours, 1~3% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2~3% fish oil, 2% Multi-vitamin and multi-mineral and 1~2% composite adhesive.Composite adhesive component is made in proportion by xanthan gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate, feed of the invention makes composite adhesive and starch ingredients in feed cure bonding at high temperature using particle granulation and Simple steam curing method is squeezed, greatly improve gelatinization degree, feed nutrition obtained is comprehensive, water stability is good, it may replace cured feed and make popularization under simple processing conditions, reduce production energy consumption；This feed adds composite adhesive by optimization of C/C composites and is aided with the problem of existing mud crab feed water stability of simple curing process solution is poor, efficiency of feed utilization is low, and feed coefficient is higher, pollution water quality.Present invention process is simple, and the feed ratio conventional feed of preparation is more environmentally friendly, and utilization rate is higher.

Description

A kind of mud crab feed and its simple preparation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquaculture, it is related to a kind of mud crab feed and its simple preparation method.
Background technique
Mud crab popular name Qiu midge is distributed mainly on Shanghai, Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Hainan, platform on the south entrance of Changjiang River in China The coastal regions such as gulf and Guangxi, are the important seawater economic crabs in China, and the market demand is vigorous.The cultivation of mud crab at present mainly with It feeds based on chilled bait, artifical compound feed progress is slow.Ring sea fishery money is not only broken in feeding for chilled bait Source and due to raiser often by chilled bait without processing directly feed, be easy to cause the generation of mud crab disease.On the market Then there is the problems such as bad water stability, bad adhesion, low mud crab grazing rate in pellet, be using big chela since mud crab ingests It clamps feed and embrace and gnaw, the stability of feed is bad to be easy to cause it be broken in water to leach, and causes total nitrogen in water, always Phosphorus, COD, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are exceeded, to make water quality deterioration.
Some reports about commodity mud crab feed applications at present focus mostly in the extrusion processing technology using high temperature and pressure Feed squeezing, maturing is made and granular sinks aqueous expanded pellet diet.However expanded pellet diet production equipment is expensive, processing technology is wanted Ask high, production technology is complicated, and energy consumption is high, is unfavorable for middle-size and small-size raiser and voluntarily produces, and the processing environment of high temperature and pressure is easy Part nutritional ingredient such as vitamin in feed is damaged.Pellet have it is simple for production, investment and production cost it is low, The features such as nutritional ingredient extent of the destruction is small, but since amount of cure is not so good as expanded pellet diet, the water stability of feed is poor, cannot Enough requirements of ingesting for meeting mud crab well.The present invention is aided with common facility for granulating system by the way of adding composite adhesive Through simple boiling baking process after standby pellet, can improve feed state, the stability for improving feed, reduce it is defeated and dispersed, into And efficiency of feed utilization, pellet is voluntarily produced with important to laboratory chow and the simply middle-size and small-size raiser of processing conditions Meaning.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide that a kind of nutrition is comprehensive, palatability is good and water body is stablized The strong mud crab feed of property.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention be to provide it is a kind of formula rationally, simple production process it is effectively green The preparation method of crab feed.
The present invention solves technical solution used by above-mentioned first technical problem are as follows: a kind of mud crab feed, the mud crab Feed is by 35~45% fish meal, 8~15% shrimp shell meals, 4~6% cuttlefish powders, 8~12% dehulled soybean meals, 18~25% high muscle Flour, 1~3% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2~3% fish oil, 2% Multi-vitamin and multi-mineral and 1~2% composite adhesive composition, composite adhesive Component is by xanthan gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate according to 3.8~4.3:1.8 of mass ratio~2.2:0.8~1.2 Made from ratio, above-mentioned percentage is mass percent.
Preferably, the mud crab feed be by 44% fish meal, 10% shrimp shell meal, 6% cuttlefish powder, 10% dehulled soybean meal, 21.95% Strong flour, 3% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2% Multi-vitamin and multi-mineral, 2% fish oil and 1.05% composite adhesive composition, wherein Composite adhesive component be by 0.6% xanthan gum, 0.3% sodium carboxymethylcellulose and 0.15% sodium alginate through crush mix after Obtained, above-mentioned percentage is mass percent.
Preferably, the thickness control of the mud crab feed is in 2mm~4mm, length is controlled in 1~2cm.
The present invention solves technical solution used by above-mentioned second technical problem are as follows: a kind of preparation side of mud crab feed Method, comprising the following steps:
1) by fish meal, dehulled soybean meal, Strong flour, cuttlefish powder, shrimp shell meal, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Multi-vitamin and multi-mineral and compound viscous Mixture is crushed using pulverizer respectively, crosses 80 meshes.
2) it is placed in fodder mixing machine using amplifying method step by step after weighing proportionally and mixing is sufficiently stirred with fish oil, use particle Feeding stuff cuber is squeezed into the feed of 2mm~4mm thickness, then is cut into the hard pellet diet that length is 1~2cm.
3) obtained feed is placed in Steam by water bath 15 minutes in steamer.
4) finally steamed feed is dried 24 hours at 50 DEG C and dries refrigeration.
As an improvement, the composite adhesive component is by xanthan gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium alginate according to matter Amount is formulated than 3.8~4.3:1.8~2.2:0.8~1.2 ratio.After granulation, the feed of rigid pelletizing forming is transferred to The upper layer of double boiler, water level is 2 centimetres in pot, starts timing after water boiling, and 50 are transferred in baking oven after steaming 15 minutes and is taken the photograph Family name's degree is dried 24 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: composite adhesive, which is added, in hard pellet diet carries out simply Granulation curing production mud crab feed, can be improved the water stability and palatability of mud crab pellet, reduce in feed nutrition at The destruction divided, reduces the production cost and production difficulty of feed, convenient in the easy middle-size and small-size cultivation factory of working condition and experiment It promotes the use of room.The composite adhesive that three kinds of adhesives are prepared by a certain percentage has synergistic function in feed, can be with The water stability of pellet is improved, molten scatter mistake of the feed after entering water is reduced, improves the utilization rate of bait and effectively reduce Pollution of the feed to water body.
1, mud crab feed formula of the invention is reasonable, wherein it is composite adhered with synergistic function to be used only 1~2% Agent is aided with the stability that easy cooking aging technique effectively improves feed.With the pellet phase for adding a large amount of adhesives Than more comprehensively, no nutrition composition is less for this feed formulation nutrients, and cultivation mud crab is digested and assimilated in the addition of a small amount of adhesive to be influenced Smaller, convenient for cultivated animals to feed ingest digestion and the raising of bait utilization, and due to added composite adhesive With good conformal effect, mud crab discharge forming excrement can promote, there is important reality to the large-scale cultivation production of mud crab Trample meaning.
2, preparation process of the present invention is simple, and feed palatability is good, overcome fresh and alive feed not environmentally, the molten mistake of pellet The high, disadvantage big to water pollution, has the characteristics that high-efficiency environment friendly, efficiency of feed utilization are high, and can reduce into the latter timing of water The interior influence to water quality, the sustainable and healthy development of intensive culture and blue crab cultivation industry to mud crab are of great significance.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
To produce diameter 3mm, for the mud crab hard pellet diet 100kg of length 1cm, by 44kg fish meal, 6kg cuttlefish powder, 10kg dehulled soybean meal, 21.95kg Strong flour, 2kg Multi-vitamin and multi-mineral, 10kg shrimp shell meal, 3kg calcium dihydrogen phosphate smash it through 80 mesh Sieve mix, after taking 0.6kg xanthan gum, 0.3kg sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 0.15kg sodium alginate to be mixed to get composite adhesive with Above-mentioned raw materials mix.It is placed in fodder mixing machine, 2kg fish oil is added and expands uniform stirring step by step, using the granulation grinding tool of 3mm, is squeezed It is pressed into the hard pellet diet that 1cm long is made in craft or machine after item.The feed prepared is placed in steamer, after Steam by water bath 15 minutes It is dried 24 hours in 50 DEG C of environment, 0 DEG C of stored under refrigeration.
Blue crab battery rearing test is carried out in Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province Qingjian River town, mud crab specification is in 28.96g or so, using the present invention Feed is cultivated, and mud crab average size reaches 46.45g, the speed of growth compared with feeding plain particles feed group mud crab after six weeks Promote 9.01%.
Application Example 2
Carry out quality test of water in Zhejiang University's aquatic health culture experiment room, using common mud crab pellet into Row control.Detection feed enters water quality and dissolve-loss ratio situation of change after water.When 2h, feed of the present invention is relative to control group mud crab Grain feed ammonia nitrogen reduces by 7.22%, and nitrite nitrogen reduces by 10.27%, and total nitrogen reduces by 6.10%, and total phosphorus reduces by 34.68%, COD drop Low 8.11%, dissolve-loss ratio reduces by 37.57% in water.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of mud crab feed, it is characterised in that: the mud crab feed be by 35~45% fish meal, 8~15% shrimp shell meals, 4~ 6% cuttlefish powder, 8~12% dehulled soybean meals, 18~25% Strong flours, 1~3% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2~3% fish oil, more than 2% More mines and 1~2% composite adhesive composition are tieed up, composite adhesive component is by xanthan gum, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and alginic acid For sodium according to made from the ratio of 3.8~4.3:1.8 of mass ratio~2.2:0.8~1.2, above-mentioned percentage is mass percent.
2. mud crab feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mud crab feed is by 44% fish meal, 10% shrimp Shell powder, 6% cuttlefish powder, 10% dehulled soybean meal, 21.95% Strong flour, 3% calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 2% Multi-vitamin and multi-mineral, 2% fish oil It is formed with 1.05% composite adhesive, wherein composite adhesive component is by 0.6% xanthan gum, 0.3% sodium carboxymethylcellulose Obtained after crushing and mixing with 0.15% sodium alginate, above-mentioned percentage is mass percent.
3. mud crab feed according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the control of the thickness of the mud crab feed 2mm~ 4mm, length are controlled in 1~2cm.
4. a kind of method for preparing mud crab feed as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the following steps are included: by fish Powder, dehulled soybean meal, Strong flour, cuttlefish powder, shrimp shell meal, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Multi-vitamin and multi-mineral and composite adhesive use powder respectively Broken machine crushes, and crosses 80 meshes, is placed in fodder mixing machine after weighing in the ratio using amplifying method step by step and is sufficiently stirred with fish oil Mixing is mixed, the feed of 2mm~4mm thickness is squeezed into granulating machine for production of granulated fodder, then is cut into the grit that length is 1~2cm and raises Material；Obtained feed is placed in Steam by water bath 15 minutes in steamer, steamed feed is dried 24 hours at 50 DEG C finally and is dried in the air Dry and cold hiding.
5. the preparation method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the composite adhesive component is by xanthan gum, carboxylic Sodium carboxymethylcellulose pyce and sodium alginate are formulated according to 3.8~4.3:1.8 of mass ratio~2.2:0.8~1.2 ratio.
6. the preparation method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: after granulation, by the hard pellet diet of rigid pelletizing forming It is transferred to the upper layer of double boiler, water level is 2 centimetres in pot, starts timing after water boiling, is transferred to baking oven after steaming 15 minutes Interior 50 degrees Celsius dry 24 hours.
CN201811394099.2A 2018-11-21 2018-11-21 A kind of mud crab feed and its simple preparation method Pending CN109497347A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109984252A (en) * 2019-04-28 2019-07-09 台州学院 A kind of reasonable mud crab mixed feed
CN110150507A (en) * 2019-06-26 2019-08-23 福建农林大学 The mixed feed of Scylla paramamosain industrial circulating water three-dimensional culture
CN111436546A (en) * 2020-04-20 2020-07-24 广东康达尔农牧科技有限公司 Raw fish compound feed, preparation method and application thereof
CN113349312A (en) * 2021-06-16 2021-09-07 自然资源部第四海洋研究所(中国—东盟国家海洋科技联合研发中心) Anti-fogging bait for industrial blue crab culture and preparation method thereof

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CN1358448A (en) * 2000-12-12 2002-07-17 高中央 Granule fodder for crab and making process thereof
CN1403010A (en) * 2002-10-11 2003-03-19 中国科学院水生生物研究所 Formula and compounding process of adult river crab feed
CN102342378A (en) * 2011-09-14 2012-02-08 国家纳米技术与工程研究院 Water-insoluble fish-prawn-crab feed and preparation method thereof
CN102687810A (en) * 2012-04-23 2012-09-26 浙江省海洋开发研究院 Compound feed for Scylla serrata and preparation method of same
CN104686823A (en) * 2013-12-08 2015-06-10 夏雪飞 Special portunus trituberculatus soft particle mixed fish feed preparation method
CN104824482A (en) * 2015-06-03 2015-08-12 铜陵县黑你养殖专业合作社 Crab fodder and method for manufacturing same

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1358448A (en) * 2000-12-12 2002-07-17 高中央 Granule fodder for crab and making process thereof
CN1403010A (en) * 2002-10-11 2003-03-19 中国科学院水生生物研究所 Formula and compounding process of adult river crab feed
CN102342378A (en) * 2011-09-14 2012-02-08 国家纳米技术与工程研究院 Water-insoluble fish-prawn-crab feed and preparation method thereof
CN102687810A (en) * 2012-04-23 2012-09-26 浙江省海洋开发研究院 Compound feed for Scylla serrata and preparation method of same
CN104686823A (en) * 2013-12-08 2015-06-10 夏雪飞 Special portunus trituberculatus soft particle mixed fish feed preparation method
CN104824482A (en) * 2015-06-03 2015-08-12 铜陵县黑你养殖专业合作社 Crab fodder and method for manufacturing same

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109984252A (en) * 2019-04-28 2019-07-09 台州学院 A kind of reasonable mud crab mixed feed
CN110150507A (en) * 2019-06-26 2019-08-23 福建农林大学 The mixed feed of Scylla paramamosain industrial circulating water three-dimensional culture
CN111436546A (en) * 2020-04-20 2020-07-24 广东康达尔农牧科技有限公司 Raw fish compound feed, preparation method and application thereof
CN113349312A (en) * 2021-06-16 2021-09-07 自然资源部第四海洋研究所(中国—东盟国家海洋科技联合研发中心) Anti-fogging bait for industrial blue crab culture and preparation method thereof
CN113349312B (en) * 2021-06-16 2023-09-12 自然资源部第四海洋研究所(中国—东盟国家海洋科技联合研发中心) Industrialized blue crab cultivation anti-atomization bait and preparation method thereof

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