CN109494799B - Permanent magnet synchronous generator direct grid-connected system based on open winding structure and control method thereof - Google Patents
Permanent magnet synchronous generator direct grid-connected system based on open winding structure and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109494799B CN109494799B CN201811533049.8A CN201811533049A CN109494799B CN 109494799 B CN109494799 B CN 109494799B CN 201811533049 A CN201811533049 A CN 201811533049A CN 109494799 B CN109494799 B CN 109494799B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
- H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direct grid-connected system of a permanent magnet synchronous generator based on an open winding structure and a control method thereof. The control method can adjust the active power output by the generator system to the power grid by adjusting the power input by the prime mover, and can adjust the reactive power output by the generator system to the power grid by adjusting the compensation voltage vector generated by the converter, thereby realizing the decoupling control of the active power and the reactive power. Compared with the traditional electric excitation synchronous generator system, the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator system provided by the invention has the advantages that a direct current excitation device is omitted, the complexity of the system structure is reduced, the reliability and the overall efficiency of the system structure are improved, the number of converters is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grid-connected power generation, and particularly relates to a direct grid-connected system of a permanent magnet synchronous generator based on an open winding structure and a control method thereof.
Background
The electric excitation synchronous motor is a motor structure widely adopted in the current generator system, the active power transmitted to the power grid is directly determined by the mechanical power input by a prime motor, but the size of a magnetic linkage of the motor can be changed by adjusting the size of the excitation current so as to change the amplitude of counter electromotive force, finally, the adjustment of the reactive power transmitted to the power grid is completed, and the control principle is simpler. The structure of a traditional electric excitation synchronous generator system is shown in figure 1, a single-end outlet of a generator stator winding is directly connected with an alternating current power grid, and the alternating current power grid is rectified by a converter and then supplies power to an excitation winding on a generator rotor through devices such as a slip ring and a carbon brush; the active power output to the power grid by the generator system is determined by the mechanical power input by the prime mover, and the reactive power output to the power grid can be realized by adjusting the exciting current. However, the conventional electrically excited synchronous generator system needs a set of direct-current excitation device, so that the structure of the whole generator system is complex, the reliability is low, and the overall efficiency of the generator system is low due to the loss of an excitation loop.
In contrast, the permanent magnet synchronous motor has the advantages of simple structure, high power density, high efficiency, flexible and various structures, and the like, and along with the continuous progress and development of the driving technology, the application of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is spread in various fields of aerospace, national defense, industrial and agricultural production and daily life. In recent years, with the increasing of material performance, design technology and process level, the power level of the permanent magnet synchronous motor is gradually increasing, and the permanent magnet synchronous motor has been widely applied to the fields of energy, industry, transportation and the like. For example, in the application occasions of wind power generation, new energy automobiles, high-speed railways, ship propulsion, multi-electric aircraft and ship full electric drive, mining machinery and the like, the permanent magnet synchronous motor has extremely strong competitiveness and wide application prospect.
The structure of a traditional permanent magnet synchronous generator system is shown in fig. 2, a single-end outlet of a generator stator winding is connected with a power grid after passing through two back-to-back converters; because the system adopts the permanent magnet synchronous motor to generate electricity, and the magnetic flux linkage is directly generated by the permanent magnet rotor, the direct current excitation device is cancelled, and the reliability and the overall efficiency of the system structure are improved. However, since the flux linkage generated by the permanent magnet is not adjustable, if the stator winding is directly incorporated into the ac grid, the reactive power output to the grid is not adjustable, so that the two converters in the back-to-back type are required to be connected with the grid, and the cost is still increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a direct grid-connected system of a permanent magnet synchronous generator based on an open winding structure and a control method thereof, which can realize decoupling control of active power and reactive power, and have the advantages of simple structure and low cost.
A permanent magnet synchronous generator direct grid-connected system based on an open winding structure comprises: the open winding permanent magnet synchronous generator comprises an open winding permanent magnet synchronous generator, a converter and a controller; the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator is provided with a three-phase winding, and the converter adopts a three-phase full-bridge controllable inverter;
one end of any phase winding in the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator is connected with the central contact of the upper and lower bridge arms of the corresponding phase in the converter, and the other end of the phase winding is directly connected with the corresponding phase line of the alternating current power grid;
the controller is used for collecting three-phase winding current, grid-connected point line voltage and direct current bus voltage of the converter of the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator, and a PWM signal is constructed through a corresponding control strategy according to the electric quantities so as to control a power switch device in the converter.
The control method of the direct grid-connected system of the permanent magnet synchronous generator comprises the following steps:
(1) acquiring direct-current bus voltage V of converter through acquisitionCThree-phase winding current i of open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generatora～icAnd grid-connected point line voltage and estimating the spatial position angle theta of the grid voltage vectorg；
(2) Using spatial position angle thetagFor three-phase winding current ia～icCarrying out Park conversion to obtain active current i of the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generatorPAnd a reactive current iQ；
(3) Make the reactive current iQSubtracting the reactive current command iQ_refThe obtained difference value is subjected to integral control to obtain a reactive compensation voltage instruction UcomQ_ref(ii) a Make the DC bus voltage VCSubtracting a preset DC voltage command VC_refObtaining an active compensation voltage instruction U by PI (proportional integral) control of the later difference valuecomP_ref；
(4) According to the active current iPAnd a reactive current iQAnd an active compensation voltage command UcomP_refAnd reactive compensation voltage command UcomQ_refCalculating a compensation reference voltage vector Ucom_ref；
(5) Using spatial position angle thetagFor compensating reference voltage vector Ucom_refCoordinate transformation is carried out to obtain a reference voltage vector U under an alpha-beta coordinate systemαβAnd further according to the reference voltage vector UαβA group of PWM signals are obtained through SVPWM (Space vector pulse Width Modulation) technology calculation and are used for controlling power switching devices in the converter.
Further, in the step (1), a current sensor is used for acquiring winding currents i of two phases of the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator ABaAnd ibAnd then according to formula ic＝-ia-ibCalculating the C-phase winding current i of the permanent magnet synchronous generatorc。
Further, in the step (1), a voltage sensor is used for collecting the line voltage v between the phase A and the phase B of the grid-connected point of the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generatorabAnd the line voltage v between the B and C phasesbcAnd then according to the line voltage vabAnd vbcEstimating the spatial position angle theta of the grid voltage vector by means of a phase-locked loopg。
Further, the reactive current command iQ_refThe calculation expression of (a) is as follows:
wherein: qrefReactive power command, Q, for an open-winding permanent-magnet synchronous generator to output to an AC gridrefTo be positive, representing output capacitive idle, QrefNegative indicating output of inductive reactive power, UgIs the amplitude of the phase voltage of the alternating current network.
Further, the compensation reference voltage vector U is calculated in the step (4) by the following formulacom_ref；
Wherein: j is an imaginary unit.
The grid-connected system opens the neutral point of the permanent magnet synchronous generator to form an open winding structure, one end of the open winding structure is directly connected to an alternating current power grid, and the other end of the open winding structure is connected to a converter. The control method can adjust the active power output by the generator system to the power grid by adjusting the power input by the prime mover, and can adjust the reactive power output by the generator system to the power grid by adjusting the compensation voltage vector generated by the converter, thereby realizing the decoupling control of the active power and the reactive power. Compared with the traditional electric excitation synchronous generator system, the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator system provided by the invention has the advantages that a direct current excitation device is omitted, the complexity of the system structure is reduced, the reliability and the overall efficiency of the system structure are improved, the number of converters is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional electrically excited synchronous generator system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional permanent magnet synchronous generator system.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a direct grid-connected system of a permanent magnet synchronous generator with an open winding structure according to the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic control principle diagram of the direct grid-connected system of the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator of the invention.
Fig. 5(a) is a waveform diagram of reactive power output to the grid by the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator according to the invention.
Fig. 5(b) is a waveform diagram of the active power output to the grid by the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator according to the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic waveform diagram of the dc bus capacitor voltage of the converter in the system of the present invention.
Fig. 7(a) is a phase current waveform diagram of the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator according to the present invention when inductive reactive power is output.
Fig. 7(b) is a waveform diagram of the grid voltage when the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator outputs inductive reactive power.
Fig. 8(a) is a phase current waveform diagram of the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator of the present invention when outputting capacitive reactive power.
Fig. 8(b) is a waveform diagram of the grid voltage when the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator outputs the capacitive reactive power.
Detailed Description
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, the following detailed description is provided for the technical solution of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a direct grid-connected system of a permanent magnet synchronous generator based on an open winding structure, which comprises an open winding permanent magnet synchronous generator, a converter and a controller, wherein the open winding permanent magnet synchronous generator is connected with the converter through a direct connection line; wherein:
the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator is provided with a three-phase winding, a converter adopts a three-phase full-bridge controllable inverter, a direct current end of the converter is connected with a direct current bus capacitor C in parallel, each bridge arm is formed by connecting at least one full-control type power electronic switching device in series, and the full-control type power electronic switching device can adopt an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar translator).
One end of any phase winding of the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator is connected with the central contact of the upper and lower bridge arms of the corresponding phase in the converter, and the other end of the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator is directly connected with the corresponding phase of the alternating current power grid.
The controller is used for acquiring phase current i of the permanent magnet synchronous generatora、ib、icLine voltage u of grid-connected pointabAnd ubcAnd voltage V of DC bus capacitorCFurther, a PWM signal is constructed through a control strategy to control the converter; in this embodiment, the controller employs a DSP.
The control method of the direct grid-connected system of the permanent magnet synchronous generator disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps as shown in figure 4:
A1. voltage V of acquisition direct current bus capacitorC(ii) a Collecting two-phase current i of permanent magnet synchronous generatora、ibAnd calculating the third phase current i according to the following formulac；
ic＝-ia-ib
Line voltage u of collecting grid-connected pointabAnd ubcAnd further utilizing a phase-locked loop to estimate the space position angle theta of the grid voltage vectorg。
A2. Spatial location using grid voltage vectorsAngle thetagPhase current ia、ib、icCoordinate transformation is carried out to obtain active current iPAnd a reactive current iQ。
A3. Calculating a reactive current command i according to the following formulaQ_ref：
Wherein: qrefFor outputting reactive power commands to the grid, QrefIs positive for output capacitive reactive, QrefOutputting inductive reactive power, U, for negativegIs the grid voltage amplitude.
Calculating the reactive current iQAnd reactive current command iQ_refAccording to the following formula, integral adjustment is carried out to obtain a reactive compensation voltage instruction UcomQ_ref；
Wherein: ki_QAs an integral coefficient, K in the present embodimenti_Q＝100。
A4. Calculating the DC bus capacitor voltage VCWith a predetermined DC voltage command VC_refAccording to the following formula, carrying out proportional-integral regulation to obtain an active compensation voltage instruction UcomP_ref；
Wherein: kp_PAnd Ki_PProportional coefficient and integral coefficient, respectively, K in the present embodimentp_P＝3，Ki_P＝100。
A5. According to reactive compensation voltage instruction UcomQ_refAnd active compensation voltage command UcomQ_refAnd the active component i of the phase currentPAnd a reactive component iQIs calculated according to the following equationCompensating reference voltage vector Ucom_ref；
A6. According to a compensated reference voltage vector Ucom_refAnd PWM signals are obtained through SVPWM technology to control the converter.
The following simulation tests are performed on the embodiment, and the selected parameters of the permanent magnet synchronous wind driven generator are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Fig. 5(a) to 5(b), fig. 6, fig. 7(a) to 7(b), and fig. 8(a) to 8(b) are all simulation waveforms for controlling the open-winding permanent magnet wind power direct current grid-connected system according to the present embodiment, where the waveforms of fig. 5(a) to 5(b) and fig. 6 take 0s to 1.2s time periods, the waveform of fig. 7 takes 0.4s to 0.5s time periods, and the waveform of fig. 8(a) to 8(b) takes 1.0s to 1.1s time periods. When the frequency is 0 s-0.6 s, the reactive power instruction output to the power grid by the permanent magnet synchronous generator is-0.37 p.u. (inductive), and when the frequency is 0.6 s-1.2 s, the reactive power instruction output to the power grid is 0.37p.u. (capacitive). As can be seen from fig. 5(a), after the reactive power command is changed, the reactive power actually output by the permanent magnet synchronous generator is followed by the command Q _ ref after 0.4s, and the generator system is operated again in a stable state, which illustrates the effectiveness of the control method of the present invention. The THD of the phase current in fig. 7(a) is 2.9%, and the THD of the phase current in fig. 8(a) is 3.9%, which indicates that the quality of the electric energy output from the permanent magnet synchronous generator to the power grid is satisfactory in both stable states. In addition, as can be seen from fig. 6, the voltage of the dc bus capacitor is maintained substantially constant, and simulation results prove that the system of the present invention can be implemented and the control strategy is effective.
The embodiments described above are presented to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to the above-described embodiments may be made, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications to the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a permanent magnet synchronous generator directly grid-connected system based on open winding structure which characterized in that: the system comprises an open winding permanent magnet synchronous generator, a converter and a controller; the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator is provided with a three-phase winding, and the converter adopts a three-phase full-bridge controllable inverter;
one end of any phase winding in the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator is connected with the central contact of the upper and lower bridge arms of the corresponding phase in the converter, and the other end of the phase winding is directly connected with the corresponding phase line of the alternating current power grid;
the controller is used for collecting three-phase winding current, grid-connected point line voltage and direct current bus voltage of the converter of the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator, and a PWM signal is constructed through a corresponding control strategy according to the electric quantities so as to control a power switch device in the converter.
2. The control method of the direct grid-connected system of the permanent magnet synchronous generator according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(1) acquiring direct-current bus voltage V of converter through acquisitionCThree-phase winding current i of open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generatora～icAnd grid-connected point line voltage and estimating the spatial position angle theta of the grid voltage vectorg；
(2) Using spatial position angle thetagFor three-phase winding current ia～icCarrying out Park conversion to obtain active current i of the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generatorPAnd a reactive current iQ；
(3) Make the reactive current iQSubtracting the reactive current command iQ_refThe obtained difference value is subjected to integral control to obtain a reactive compensation voltage instruction UcomQ_ref(ii) a Make the DC bus voltage VCSubtracting a preset DC voltage command VC_refObtaining an active compensation voltage instruction U by PI control of the later difference valuecomP_ref；
(4) According to the active current iPAnd a reactive current iQAnd an active compensation voltage command UcomP_refAnd reactive compensation voltage command UcomQ_refCalculating a compensation reference voltage vector Ucom_ref；
(5) Using spatial position angle thetagFor compensating reference voltage vector Ucom_refCoordinate transformation is carried out to obtain a reference voltage vector U under an alpha-beta coordinate systemαβAnd further according to the reference voltage vector UαβA group of PWM signals are obtained through calculation of SVPWM technology and used for controlling power switching devices in the converter.
3. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: collecting winding current i of two phases of an open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generator AB by using a current sensor in the step (1)aAnd ibAnd then according to formula ic＝-ia-ibCalculating the C-phase winding current i of the permanent magnet synchronous generatorc。
4. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step (1), a voltage sensor is used for collecting line voltage v between phase A and phase B of the grid-connected point of the open-winding permanent magnet synchronous generatorabAnd the line voltage v between the B and C phasesbcAnd then according to the line voltage vabAnd vbcEstimating the spatial position angle theta of the grid voltage vector by means of a phase-locked loopg。
5. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the reactive current instruction iQ_refThe calculation expression of (a) is as follows:
wherein: qrefReactive power command, Q, for an open-winding permanent-magnet synchronous generator to output to an AC gridrefTo be positive, representing output capacitive idle, QrefNegative indicating output of inductive reactive power, UgIs the amplitude of the phase voltage of the alternating current network.
6. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step (4), the compensation reference voltage vector U is calculated by the following formulacom_ref；
Wherein: j is an imaginary unit.
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| CN110957757B (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2022-08-12 | 合肥工业大学 | Control method of independent direct-current bus open-winding double-inverter photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN113809881B (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2022-11-29 | 北京机械设备研究所 | Voltage stabilization permanent magnet generator set device and voltage stabilization control method |
| CN113659629B (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-03-08 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Synchronous computerized power electronic grid-connected device and control method thereof |
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