CN109489175B

CN109489175B - Underground ventilation system

Info

Publication number: CN109489175B
Application number: CN201811340455.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 沈俊跃
Original assignee: Zhejiang Xiuhe Architectural Design Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Xiuhe Architectural Design Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-11-12
Filing date: 2018-11-12
Publication date: 2020-09-29
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-12
Also published as: CN109489175A

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground ventilation system, relates to the field of building construction, and aims to solve the problems of high energy consumption and high maintenance cost caused by the fact that the conventional underground ventilation system mainly depends on an electromechanical ventilation system, wherein the technical scheme is as follows: including ventilating shaft and a plurality of air pipe, air pipe sets up in underground building, and one end feeds through in the ventilating shaft, still includes a plurality of exhaust duct, inside exhaust duct one end intercommunication underground building, the other end upwards extends the earth's surface, and its upper end fixedly connected with unpowered hood is provided with the intercommunication on the earth's surface the induced air tubular column of ventilating shaft, its inner chamber of intercommunication and external wind gap have been seted up to induced air tubular column lateral wall, transversely be provided with a plurality of induced air boards in the wind gap, it is a plurality of the vertical range of induced air board, and be the slope setting, the lower part slope of induced air board is towards in the induced air tubular column. The underground ventilation system can reduce the ventilation energy consumption and the maintenance cost.

Description

Underground ventilation system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of building construction, in particular to an underground ventilation system.

Background

With the development of the urbanization process, the population is more and more gathered, and the land resources are more and more tense in the city. To cope with this problem, buildings are moving toward longitudinal development, and not only are the heights higher and higher, but also underground spaces are simultaneously utilized.

After the underground space is developed into an underground garage and the like for utilization, ventilation is firstly one of the problems that the underground space needs to be ventilated, and once the ventilation structure is poor, the underground space is always turbid in air, humid and oppressive and the like because the underground space is located on the underground side and cannot be communicated with the outside through the window.

The existing underground space mostly depends on an electromechanical ventilation system to complete ventilation, but the ventilation can be completed by the method, the energy consumption is high, the maintenance cost is relatively high, and a new scheme needs to be provided to solve the problem.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an underground ventilation system which can reduce the ventilation energy consumption and the maintenance cost.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides an underground ventilation system, includes ventilating shaft and a plurality of air pipe, air pipe sets up in secret building, and one end feeds through in the ventilating shaft, and the inside of other end intercommunication secret building still includes a plurality of exhaust ducts, inside exhaust duct one end intercommunication secret building, the other end upwards extends the earth's surface, and its upper end fixedly connected with unpowered hood is provided with the intercommunication on the earth's surface the induced air tubular column of ventilating shaft, its inner chamber of intercommunication and external wind gap have been seted up to induced air tubular column lateral wall, transversely be provided with a plurality of induced air boards in the wind gap, it is a plurality of the vertical range of induced air board, and be the slope setting, the lower part slope of induced air board is towards in the induced air tubular column.

By adopting the technical scheme, when wind blows through the induced draft tubular column, part of the airflow enters the induced draft tubular column under the action of the air inducing plate which inclines downwards and inwards, and the wind enters the ventilation shaft along the induced draft tubular column and enters the ventilation pipeline and then enters the underground building through the ventilation pipeline, so that ventilation is realized; because the exhaust duct communicated with the interior of the underground building is arranged and the unpowered hood is arranged at the upper end of the exhaust duct, the air in the underground building can form convection.

The invention is further configured to: the ventilating shaft vertically extends downwards, the lower end of the ventilating shaft is transversely provided with a connecting pipe body, the connecting pipe is communicated with the ventilating shaft and the ventilating pipeline, a sewage draining outlet is formed in the connecting pipe body under the ventilating shaft, and a sewage collecting box body is arranged on the lower portion of the connecting pipe body and is located under the sewage draining outlet and communicated with the connecting pipe body.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the filth that carelessly gets into the ventilation shaft through clearance between the induced air board can fall into in the dirty box of collection under the effect of gravity and be collected to prevent that the filth from getting into air pipe and influencing the result of use, and make things convenient for later stage staff centralized processing filth.

The invention is further configured to: the sewage collecting box body is communicated with a drainage pipeline, and the other end of the drainage pipeline is communicated with an underground drainage system.

By adopting the technical scheme, rainwater entering the ventilation shaft can fall into the sewage collecting box body in rainwater weather, particularly stormy typhoon weather, and is discharged by the drainage pipeline communicated with the sewage collecting box body, so that the using effect of the invention is ensured.

The invention is further configured to: the sewage collection box is internally and transversely provided with a matched partition board which is positioned above the drainage pipeline and is provided with a plurality of through holes along the thickness direction.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can utilize the baffle to block the great filth of volume, prevent that it from getting into drainage pipe and causing the jam to guarantee the result of use.

The invention is further configured to: the dirty box of collection's lateral wall is seted up the external side opening of intercommunication, the side opening lid closes and is connected with the apron that agrees with, just the side open lower limb is located the top of the dirty box's of drainage pipe intercommunication collection one end.

By adopting the technical scheme, when necessary, a worker can open the cover plate and clean the inside of the sewage collection box body through the side opening; because the lower edge of the side opening is positioned above the drainage pipeline, the probability of rainwater seeping from the gap between the cover plate and the side opening can be reduced.

The invention is further configured to: the upper part of the induced draft pipe column is of an open structure, a light-transmitting top is arranged in an upper opening, a plurality of light-transmitting windows are formed in the side wall of the dirt collecting box body, and fitted light-transmitting sealing plates are arranged in the light-transmitting windows.

By adopting the technical scheme, light can be irradiated into the ventilation shaft through the light-transmitting top, so that on one hand, workers in the later period can conveniently clean the sewage collection box body, and on the other hand, bacteria are prevented from breeding in the sewage collection box body too dark; simultaneously because the printing opacity shrouding of collection dirty box side, so light can get into and be used for the illumination in the underground building to strengthen the result of use.

The invention is further configured to: still include a plurality of secondary air pipe, in secondary air pipe lower extreme intercommunication underground building, the earth's surface upwards extends to the upper end, secondary air pipe's last port lid has closed the end cover, the last vertical pivot that is provided with of end cover, the pivot upper end is provided with the wind wheel, and in the lower extreme extended to secondary air pipe, and the lower extreme was fixed with the flabellum, a plurality of intercommunication inner chambers and external secondary wind gap have been seted up to secondary air pipe lateral wall.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when wind blows the wind wheel, it drives the flabellum rotation through the pivot is synchronous, makes the air current in the secondary air pipe rise or sink to internal convulsions or air supply of underground building, thereby realize the ventilation.

The invention is further configured to: and a plurality of guide plates are arranged in the secondary air port vertically and obliquely, and the lower parts of the guide plates are obliquely arranged towards the side surface of the secondary ventilation pipeline and extend out of the side surface.

By adopting the technical scheme, rainwater and the like can be prevented from entering the secondary ventilation pipeline by the guide plate; when rainwater and the like move towards the secondary air opening, the rainwater and the like fall on the guide plate and move along the guide plate under the action of gravity, and finally slide down on the side face of the secondary ventilation pipeline.

In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the air blown through the induced draft pipe column can enter the ventilation shaft under the action of the induced draft plate and enter the underground building through the ventilation pipeline; the air-conditioning system is provided with an exhaust pipeline communicated with the underground building, and the upper end of the exhaust pipeline is provided with an unpowered hood for leading out air in the underground building, so that air convection is formed by matching with an induced air pipe column, and ventilation of the underground building is realized; because the structure is not an electromechanical ventilation structure, the energy consumption is less, and the maintenance cost is lower;

2. when wind blows the wind wheel on the secondary ventilation pipeline, the wind wheel rotates and drives the fan blades to rotate through the rotating shaft, so that air is supplied to or exhausted from the interior of the underground building through the secondary ventilation pipeline, and the ventilation effect is enhanced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a first schematic structural diagram of the present invention, showing the overall structure;

FIG. 2 is a partial exploded view of the present invention, showing the fan blades and the wind wheel;

FIG. 3 is a second structural schematic view of the present invention, mainly used for showing the structure of the induced draft tubular column;

FIG. 4 is a third schematic structural view of the present invention, mainly used for showing the structure of the dirt collecting box;

fig. 5 is a partial exploded view of the present invention, which is mainly used to show the structure of a sewage draining exit.

In the figure: 1. a ventilation shaft; 2. a ventilation duct; 3. an exhaust duct; 31. an unpowered hood; 4. an induced draft tubular column; 41. a tuyere; 42. an air induction plate; 43. a light-transmitting roof; 5. connecting a pipeline; 51. a sewage draining outlet; 6. a sewage collection box body; 61. a water discharge pipeline; 62. a partition plate; 621. a through hole; 63. opening the side; 631. a cover plate; 64. a light-transmitting window; 641. a light-transmitting sealing plate; 7. A secondary ventilation duct; 71. an end cap; 72. a secondary tuyere; 73. a baffle; 81. a rotating shaft; 82. a wind wheel; 83. a fan blade.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.

The underground ventilation system, refer to fig. 1 and 2, includes ventilation shaft 1 and a plurality of ventilation pipe 2, wherein ventilation shaft 1 sets up vertically and pours in the underground, and its upper end communicates the external world, and the lower extreme extends to in the underground building. The ventilation pipeline 2 is installed and fixed in the underground building, and a plurality of through windows are correspondingly arranged on the ventilation pipeline 2. The ventilation pipeline 2 is communicated with the ventilation shaft 1 so as to be communicated with the outside for ventilation.

Referring to fig. 1, an induced draft pipe column 4 is arranged above an upper opening of a ventilation duct 2 on the ground surface, and a main body of the induced draft pipe column 4 is a vertically arranged cuboid, which may be built by masonry or formed by welding/riveting a metal structure.

Referring to fig. 3, an air port 41 communicating an inner cavity of the induced draft tube column 4 with the outside is formed in the side wall of the induced draft tube column 4, and the air port 41 is rectangular, so that the induced draft tube column 4 is ensured not to interfere with the original ventilation effect. A plurality of transverse induced draft plates 42 are fixedly arranged in the air port 41, and the length of each induced draft plate 42 is matched with that of the air port 41; a plurality of air guide plates 42 are vertically arranged and are distributed in the whole air port 41 at intervals; the plurality of air guide plates 42 are inclined in plate surface and inclined at lower ends thereof toward the inside of the air guide column 4.

When wind in the nature blows over the induced draft tubular column 4, part of the airflow enters the inner cavity of the induced draft tubular column 4 under the guiding action of the induced draft plate 42, enters the ventilation shaft 1 along the induced draft tubular column 4, and then enters the underground building through the ventilation pipeline 2 to realize ventilation.

The air inducing plate 42 is obliquely arranged and obliquely faces the inner side of the air inducing pipe column 4, so that on one hand, the air inducing plate can be used for inducing air, and on the other hand, when the air ports 41 are oppositely arranged, partial air flow can be prevented from directly leaving from the other opposite air port 41, so that the air inducing effect is enhanced, and the ventilation effect of the invention is enhanced.

Referring to fig. 1, because the air circulation needs to form convection, the invention also comprises a plurality of exhaust ducts 3, the exhaust ducts 3 are vertically poured in the soil layer, the lower ends of the exhaust ducts 3 are communicated with the inside of the underground building, the upper ends of the exhaust ducts extend out of the ground surface, and the exhaust ducts are fixedly provided with unpowered hoods 31. The unpowered hood 31 can form an ascending air flow in the exhaust duct 3, and guide out the air in the underground building so as to cooperate with the induced draft pipe column 4 to ventilate the basement.

Considering that the actual effect of the air guide plate 42 is greatly influenced by natural wind, in our country, the tuyere 41 is preferably oriented in the southeast or northwest direction to enhance the use effect in monsoon. The air inducing pipe 4 is preferably arranged in a relatively open area, and the planting of green plants or the construction of shelters is prohibited at the side.

Referring to fig. 1, since external dust and dirt, etc. inevitably enter the induced draft pipe 4 through the tuyere 41, a fixed connection pipe 5 is transversely installed at the lower end of the ventilation shaft 1 in order to prevent the dirt from entering the underground structure; the connecting pipe 5 communicates the ventilation shaft 1 and the ventilation pipe 2.

Referring to fig. 5 and 5, a sewage draining outlet 51 is arranged on the connecting pipeline 5 and right below the ventilation shaft 1; the lower part of the connecting pipeline 5 is fixedly connected with a sewage collecting box body 6, the upper part of the sewage collecting box body 6 is opened, and the connecting pipeline 5 is communicated with the sewage collecting box body 6 through a sewage discharge outlet 51. When in use, the dirt falls into the dirt collecting box body 6 through the dirt outlet 51 under the action of gravity.

In order to prevent rainwater from entering the induced draft pipe column 4 to affect the use effect in the rainy weather, especially in the stormy typhoon weather, referring to fig. 4 and 5, a drainage pipe 61 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the sewage collection tank 6. One end of the drainage pipeline 61 is communicated with the sewage collection box body 6, and the other end is communicated with an underground drainage/sewage discharge system. When rainwater enters the induced draft pipe column 4 carelessly, the rainwater falls into the sewage collecting box body 6 and then enters the underground drainage/sewage discharge system through the drainage pipeline 61, so that the ventilation effect of the invention is not affected.

In order to prevent odor of the underground drainage/sewage system from leaking, a water-turning bent pipe (water seal structure) is correspondingly arranged in the drainage pipeline 61 to further enhance the use effect.

Referring to fig. 4, in order to prevent large-sized contaminants from falling into the contaminant trap 6 and blocking the drain pipe 61, a fitting partition plate 62 is provided in the contaminant trap 6 in a horizontal direction. The partition plate 62 is positioned above one end of the drainage pipeline 61 communicated with the sewage collection box body 6 and has a certain distance from the inner bottom surface of the box body; the partition plate 62 is provided with a plurality of through holes 621 along the thickness direction thereof. At this time, relatively large dirt such as fallen leaves is blocked by the partition plate 62 after entering the dirt collecting box 6, and relatively small dirt, rainwater and the like can fall through the through hole 621 without being affected and are discharged through the drainage pipe 61.

Referring to fig. 4, a side opening 63 communicating an inner cavity of the sewage collecting tank 6 with the outside is opened at a side surface of the sewage collecting tank, and a cover plate 631 is hinged to the side opening 63. After the invention is used for a period of time, related workers can open the cover plate 631 and open the side opening 63 to clean the dirt on the partition plate 62, so that excessive peculiar smell generated in the dirt collecting box body 6 is avoided.

The lower edge of the side opening 63 requires a certain distance from the inner bottom of the dirt collecting box body 6, so that the probability that rainwater seeps out from the gap after the cover plate 631 covers the side opening 63 is reduced, and the using effect is enhanced.

Further, referring to fig. 1, the upper end of the induced draft tubular column 4 is of an open structure, a light-transmitting roof 43 fitted with the open structure is fixed on a steel frame connected with the open structure through bolts, and the light-transmitting roof 43 is made of toughened glass. At this time, the light can enter the induced draft tube 4 and the ventilation shaft 1 through the light-transmitting roof 43 and finally irradiate into the sewage collecting tank 6. Above-mentioned setting up can make things convenient for the staff to clear up the dirty box 6 of collection on the one hand, and on the other hand can avoid collecting in the dirty box 6 too dark and breed the microorganism.

Referring to the figure, a light-transmitting window 64 is further formed in the side surface of the dirt collecting box 6, a light-transmitting sealing plate 641 is installed in the light-transmitting window 64, and the light-transmitting sealing plate 641 is made of glass, so that the drawing is not shown. The light entering the dirt collecting box 6 can pass through the transparent sealing plate 641 to be used as illumination for the basement.

In a large underground building, since the length of the ventilation duct 2 is large, if ventilation is performed only by the induced draft pipe column 4 (ventilation shaft 1), the ventilation effect is relatively poor even if the number of the induced draft pipe columns is increased, and an electric fan needs to be added in the ventilation duct 2 as an auxiliary in the later period. In order to reduce the consumption of the electric fan or enhance the use effect of the invention, referring to fig. 2 and 5, the invention further comprises a plurality of secondary ventilation ducts 7, wherein the secondary ventilation ducts 7 are vertically poured above the underground building, the lower ends of the secondary ventilation ducts are communicated with the inside of the underground building, and the upper ends of the secondary ventilation ducts extend upwards to form the earth surface.

Referring to fig. 2, a fitting vent louver is attached to a lower port of the secondary ventilation duct 7, and an end cover 71 is attached to an upper end of the secondary ventilation duct extending out of the ground surface. A rotating shaft 81 is vertically arranged at the midpoint of the end cover 71 through a bearing, the rotating shaft 81 is rotatably connected to the end cover 71, a wind wheel 82 is arranged at the upper end of the rotating shaft, and a fan blade 83 is coaxially and fixedly connected at the lower end of the rotating shaft passing through the end cover 71. The wind wheel 82 is similar to a wind wheel of an anemometer in structure and is composed of a transverse connecting rod and a hemispherical wind cup at the end part.

At this time, if wind blows, the wind wheel 82 is driven to rotate, and after the wind wheel 82 rotates, the fan blades 83 are synchronously driven to rotate through the rotating shaft 81, so that air is supplied to or exhausted from the lower end of the secondary ventilation duct 7.

Referring to fig. 2, a secondary air port 72 is opened on the side wall of the secondary ventilation duct 7, so as to ensure that air can form convection to realize ventilation. A baffle 73 fitted to the secondary air port 72 is transversely fixed to the inside of the secondary air port, and the baffle 73 is provided with a plate surface inclined, and the lower portion inclined toward the side surface of the secondary ventilation duct 7 and extending outside.

At this time, if rainwater falls toward the secondary air port 72, the rainwater firstly falls on the guide plate 73, then moves along the guide plate 73 under the action of gravity, and slides to the side surface of the secondary ventilation duct 7, so that the use effect is ensured.

The construction of the invention can apply BIM to reduce the probability of problems such as engineering errors and the like, and comprises the following steps:

determining a design scheme according to project requirements and design concepts, and preliminarily drawing a two-dimensional drawing of a ventilation system;

step two, the two-dimensional drawing is combined with a two-dimensional general diagram of the underground building to analyze comprehensive factors and data to obtain an optimal modification scheme, and the initially determined two-dimensional drawing of the ventilation system is modified according to the optimal modification scheme; the comprehensive factors include fire fighting, electromechanical requirements, engineering cost and the like; the optimal scheme is the scheme which best meets the project requirements, has low manufacturing cost and can meet the fire-fighting requirements and the like;

step three, establishing an underground building general model according to the two-dimensional general diagram through a computer provided with a BIM, wherein the underground building general model comprises a model of a ventilation system established according to a preliminarily determined two-dimensional drawing;

step four, collision detection is carried out through the BIM, whether the ventilation system model and the pipelines and the beams of the underground building interfere with each other or not is checked, and the ventilation system model is modified; collision detection may utilize REVIT;

step five, carrying out virtual reality simulation through the computer synchronization model of the step four provided with the FUZOR, checking the model from multiple angles to find out unreasonable positions and modifying to prepare a construction detailed diagram;

and step six, guiding constructors to build the ventilation system according to the construction detailed diagram.

In conclusion, the invention mainly adopts a non-electromechanical structure for ventilation, so that the energy consumption and the maintenance cost are relatively low.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an underground ventilation system, includes ventilating shaft (1) and a plurality of ventilating duct (2), ventilating duct (2) set up in secret building, and one end communicates in ventilating shaft (1), and the other end communicates the inside of secret building, its characterized in that: the ventilating device is characterized by further comprising a plurality of exhaust pipelines (3), one ends of the exhaust pipelines (3) are communicated with the interior of an underground building, the other ends of the exhaust pipelines extend upwards to the ground surface, unpowered hoods (31) are fixedly connected to the upper ends of the exhaust pipelines, an air inducing pipe column (4) communicated with the ventilating shaft (1) is arranged on the ground surface, air ports (41) communicated with the inner cavity of the air inducing pipe column and the outside are formed in the side wall of the air inducing pipe column (4), a plurality of air inducing plates (42) are transversely arranged in the air ports (41), the air inducing plates (42) are vertically arranged and are obliquely arranged, and the lower portions of the air inducing plates (42) are obliquely arranged towards the interior; the ventilating shaft (1) vertically extends downwards, the lower end of the ventilating shaft is transversely provided with a connecting pipe body (5), the connecting pipe body (5) is communicated with the ventilating shaft (1) and the ventilating pipeline (2), a sewage draining outlet (51) is formed in the connecting pipe body (5) under the ventilating shaft (1), a sewage collecting box body (6) is arranged on the lower portion of the connecting pipe body (5), and the sewage collecting box body (6) is located under the sewage draining outlet (51) and communicated with the connecting pipe body (5); the sewage collecting box body (6) is communicated with a drainage pipeline (61), and the other end of the drainage pipeline (61) is communicated with an underground drainage system; a fitted partition plate (62) is transversely arranged in the sewage collection box body (6), the partition plate (62) is positioned above the drainage pipeline (61), and a plurality of through holes (621) are formed in the thickness direction; the upper part of the induced draft tubular column (4) is of an open structure, a light-transmitting top (43) is arranged in an upper opening, a plurality of light-transmitting windows (64) are formed in the side wall of the sewage collection box body (6), and light-transmitting sealing plates (641) matched with each other are arranged in the light-transmitting windows (64).

2. An underground ventilation system according to claim 1, wherein: the outside side opening (63) of intercommunication is seted up to the lateral wall of collection dirty box (6), side opening (63) lid closes and is connected with apron (631) that agree with, just the lower border of side opening (63) is located the top of drainage pipe (61) intercommunication collection dirty box's (6) one end.

3. An underground ventilation system according to claim 1, wherein: still include a plurality of secondary air pipe (7), in secondary air pipe (7) lower extreme intercommunication underground building, the earth's surface upwards extends to the upper end, end cover (71) have been closed to the upper end flap of secondary air pipe (7), the last vertical pivot (81) that is provided with of end cover (71), pivot (81) upper end is provided with wind wheel (82), and the lower extreme extends to in secondary air pipe (7), and the lower extreme is fixed with flabellum (83), a plurality of intercommunication inner chambers and external secondary wind gap (72) have been seted up to secondary air pipe (7) lateral wall.

4. An underground ventilation system according to claim 3, wherein: a plurality of guide plates (73) are arranged in the secondary air opening (72), the guide plates (73) are vertically arranged and obliquely arranged, and the lower parts of the guide plates (73) are obliquely arranged towards the side surface of the secondary ventilation pipeline (7) and extend out of the side surface.