CN109487714B - Full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F8/00—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic
- E01F8/0005—Arrangements for absorbing or reflecting air-transmitted noise from road or railway traffic used in a wall type arrangement
- E01F8/0017—Plate-like elements
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate and a preparation method thereof, wherein the full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate comprises a low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, a medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer which are organically combined to form an integral structure; the low and medium frequency noise reduction surface layer is made of cement, a reinforcing agent, microporous particles, an additive and water. The preparation steps are that the cement, the reinforcing agent, the microporous particles, the admixture and the water are proportioned and stirred; pouring the stirred mixture into a mold, and pressing by a pressing plate or vibrating and molding by a flat vibrator; then placing a medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer material; and finally, placing the reinforcing mesh and pouring the sound insulation layers on the side surfaces and the back surface. The sound absorption and noise reduction plate is convenient to manufacture, high in strength, high in low, medium and high full frequency band sound absorption capacity and overcomes the defect that the existing product is poor in low frequency sound absorption effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to a full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The sound barrier is used as a main measure for sound insulation and noise reduction, and along with the great investment of infrastructure engineering and the increasingly improved environmental protection requirements of the masses of people near the line of the engineering, the use amount of the sound barrier is larger and wider, and the use range is wider and wider. The efficient non-metallic sound barrier sound absorption plate has low manufacturing cost and good use effect, and the efficient non-metallic sound barrier sound absorption plate is more and more widely used.
The traditional nonmetal sound-absorbing board generally comprises a surface layer, a sound-absorbing layer and a sound-insulating layer, wherein the surface layer is provided with holes, and the surface layer is only the surface layer and does not have the sound-absorbing function. The sound absorption layer is only used for sound absorption and noise reduction, the noise reduction frequency is narrow, the hole of the sound absorption surface has the stress concentration phenomenon, and the stress concentration phenomenon is easy to occur when the sound absorption surface is pressed and bent to generate cracks. The development of a sound absorption and noise reduction plate which overcomes the above problems is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the problem of poor low-frequency sound absorption effect in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate comprises a low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, a medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer, wherein the low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, the medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, the side sound insulation layer and the back sound insulation layer are organically combined to form an integral structure; the thickness ratio of the low-medium frequency noise-reduction surface layer to the medium-high frequency noise-reduction filling layer to the back sound-insulation layer is 1 to (0.8-1.2) to (1.2-1.5), and the thickness of the side sound-insulation layer is 30-60 mm;
the low and medium frequency noise reduction surface layer is made of cement, a reinforcing agent, microporous particles, an additive and water; the medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer is one of superfine glass wool, rock wool, mineral wool or inorganic fiber materials; the side sound insulation layer and the back sound insulation layer are made of fine aggregate concrete;
the cement is portland cement, ordinary portland cement or white portland cement, the reinforcing agent is silica fume, the microporous particles are single-graded quartz sand, and the additive is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent.
Preferably, for the surface layer with low and medium frequency noise reduction, when the surface layer is 50mm thick, the usage amount per square meter of each raw material is respectively as follows: 15-25 kg of cement, 0.8-1.2 kg of reinforcing agent, 60-80 kg of microporous particles, 0.3-0.5 kg of additive and 3.5-4 kg of water; the dosage of each raw material is increased or reduced according to the proportion of the thickness and the area of the surface layer.
Preferably, the surface layer for reducing noise of the low and medium frequency is one of a plane type, a wave type or a wedge type.
Preferably, the fine aggregate concrete has a strength grade of not less than C30.
Preferably, the strength grade of the portland cement is greater than or equal to 52.5 grade.
Preferably, the specific surface area of the silica fume is more than 1200m2/kg。
Preferably, the grain size of the single-grade quartz sand is 0.63-1.18 mm or 1.18-2.36 mm.
Preferably, the quartz sand is composed of a single color or a plurality of colors.
Preferably, the water reducing rate of the polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent is more than or equal to 30%.
The preparation method of the full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate comprises the following specific steps:
1) adding the cement, the reinforcing agent, the microporous particles, the additive and water into a stirrer for stirring for more than or equal to 3 min;
2) pouring the stirred slurry into a mold, and pressing by a pressing plate or vibrating and molding by a flat vibrator;
3) placing a medium-high frequency noise reduction material on the surface layer forming surface, and reserving gaps of 30-60 mm at the periphery; the advantage of leaving the space is used for wrapping the sound absorption material, increase the board all around intensity of making an uproar of falling;
4) placing a steel bar net piece, pouring a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer on the periphery, finishing and leveling along the die, and maintaining.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention utilizes the micro-void structure formed by the cement inorganic cementing material and the microparticles, has high compressive strength, can be directly used as a surface layer material, effectively protects the sound absorption material of the filling layer, and prevents dust and microfibers formed after the sound absorption material is affected with damp or aged from flying apart to damage the environment.
(2) The sound absorption and noise reduction plate is convenient to manufacture, high in strength, low, medium and high full frequency band sound absorption capacity, and overcomes the defect that the existing product is poor in low frequency sound absorption effect.
(3) The preparation method is simple and the raw materials are easy to obtain.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below.
Example 1
The full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate comprises a low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, a medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer, wherein the low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, the medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, the side sound insulation layer and the back sound insulation layer are organically combined to form an integral structure; the low and medium frequency noise reduction surface layer is made of cement, a reinforcing agent, microporous particles, an additive and water; the filling layer for reducing noise at medium and high frequencies adopts superfine glass wool; the side sound insulation layer and the back sound insulation layer are made of fine stone concrete with the strength grade of C30; the surface layer for reducing noise of low and medium frequency adopts a plane type. The thickness ratio of the low-medium frequency noise-reduction surface layer, the medium-high frequency noise-reduction filling layer and the back sound insulation layer is 1: 0.8: 1.2, and the thickness of the side sound insulation layer is 30 mm.
For the surface layer of making an uproar falls in low intermediate frequency, when the surface layer is 50mm thick, each square meter quantity of raw materials is: the cement is 15kg of Portland cement with the strength grade of 52.5, and the reinforcing agent is a Portland cement with the specific surface area of more than 1200m20.8kg of silica fume per kg, 60kg of single-grade quartz sand with the grain diameter of 0.63-1.18 mm is adopted as microporous particles, 0.3kg of polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent with the water reducing rate of 30% and 3.5kg of water are adopted as additives; the quartz sand is formed by mixing colors of colored quartz sand, and the dosage of the raw materials can be increased in proportion according to actual conditions.
The preparation method of the full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate comprises the following steps:
1) 15kg of Portland cement with the strength of 52.5 grade and the specific surface area of more than 1200m20.8kg of silica fume per kg, 60kg of single-grade quartz sand with the particle size of 0.63-1.18 mm, 0.3kg of polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent with the water reducing rate of 30 percent and 3.5kg of water are added into a stirrer to be stirred for 3 min;
2) pouring the stirred slurry into a mold, and pressing and molding by using a pressing plate;
3) placing a medium-high frequency noise reduction material on the surface layer forming surface, and reserving gaps of 30mm around the medium-high frequency noise reduction material;
4) placing a steel bar net piece, pouring a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer on the periphery, finishing and leveling along the die, and maintaining.
The sound absorption coefficients of the prepared full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate are measured, the sound absorption coefficients are respectively measured under 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz by a reverberation chamber method, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
The full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate comprises a low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, a medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer, wherein the low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, the medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, the side sound insulation layer and the back sound insulation layer are organically combined to form an integral structure; the low and medium frequency noise reduction surface layer is made of cement, a reinforcing agent, microporous particles, an additive and water; the surface layer of the low and medium frequency noise reduction adopts a wave type, and the filling layer of the medium and high frequency noise reduction adopts rock wool; and the side sound insulation layer and the back sound insulation layer are made of fine aggregate concrete. The thickness ratio of the low-medium frequency noise-reduction surface layer, the medium-high frequency noise-reduction filling layer and the back sound insulation layer is 1: 0.8: 1.2, and the thickness of the side sound insulation layer is 30 mm.
For the surface layer of making an uproar falls in low intermediate frequency, when the surface layer is 50mm thick, each square quantity of raw materials respectively is: the cement is 25kg of ordinary Portland cement, and the reinforcing agent is used with a specific surface area of more than 1200m21.2kg of silica fume per kg, 80kg of single-stage quartz sand with the grain diameter of 1.18-2.36 mm is adopted as microporous particles, 0.5kg of polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent with the water reducing rate of 30% and 4kg of water are adopted as additives; the quartz sand is composed of a single color.
The preparation method of the full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate comprises the following steps:
1) 25kg of ordinary portland cement with the specific surface area more than 1200m21.2kg of silica fume per kg, 80kg of single-stage-prepared quartz sand with the particle size of 1.18-2.36 mm, 0.5kg of polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent with the water reducing rate of more than or equal to 30 percent and 4kg of water are added into a stirrer to be stirred for 10 min;
2) pouring the stirred slurry into a mould, and vibrating and molding by using a flat vibrator;
3) placing a medium-high frequency noise reduction material on the surface layer forming surface, and reserving 40mm gaps at the periphery;
4) placing a steel bar net piece, pouring a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer on the periphery, finishing and leveling along the die, and maintaining.
The sound absorption coefficients of the prepared full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate are measured, the sound absorption coefficients are respectively measured under 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz by a reverberation chamber method, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Example 3
The full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate comprises a low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, a medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer, wherein the low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, the medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, the side sound insulation layer and the back sound insulation layer are organically combined to form an integral structure; the low and medium frequency noise reduction surface layer is made of cement, a reinforcing agent, microporous particles, an additive and water; the medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer adopts mineral wool; the side sound insulation layer and the back sound insulation layer are made of fine stone concrete with the strength grade not lower than C30; the surface layer for reducing noise of low and medium frequency adopts a wedge shape. Surface layer of low-intermediate frequency noise reduction: filling layer for medium-high frequency noise reduction: the thickness ratio of the back sound insulation layer to the side sound insulation layer is 1: 1.2: 1.5, and the thickness of the side sound insulation layer is 60 mm.
For the surface layer of making an uproar falls in low intermediate frequency, when the surface layer is 50mm thick, each square meter quantity of raw materials is: 18kg of white Portland cement is used as the cement, and the specific surface area of the reinforcing agent is larger than 1200m20.8kg of silica fume per kg, 65kg of single-grade quartz sand with the grain diameter of 0.63-1.18 mm is adopted as microporous particles, 0.4kg of polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent with the water reducing rate of 30 percent and 3.8kg of water are adopted as additives; the quartz sand is formed by mixing colors of colored quartz sand.
The preparation method of the full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate comprises the following steps:
1) 18kg of white Portland cement with the specific surface area more than 1200m20.8kg of silica fume per kg, 65kg of single-grade quartz sand with the particle size of 0.63-1.18 mm, 0.4kg of polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent with the water reducing rate of more than or equal to 30 percent and 3.8kg of water are added into a stirrer to be stirred for 5 min;
2) pouring the stirred slurry into a mold, and pressing by a pressing plate or vibrating and molding by a flat vibrator;
3) placing a medium-high frequency noise reduction material on the surface layer forming surface, and reserving 60mm gaps at the periphery;
4) placing a steel bar net piece, pouring a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer on the periphery, finishing and leveling along the die, and maintaining.
The sound absorption coefficients of the prepared full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate are measured, the sound absorption coefficients are respectively measured under 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz by a reverberation chamber method, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Example 4
The full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate comprises a low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, a medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer, wherein the low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, the medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, the side sound insulation layer and the back sound insulation layer are organically combined to form an integral structure; the low and medium frequency noise reduction surface layer is made of cement, a reinforcing agent, microporous particles, an additive and water; the medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer adopts mineral wool; the side sound insulation layer and the back sound insulation layer are made of fine stone concrete with the strength grade not lower than C30; the surface layer for reducing noise of low and medium frequency adopts a wedge shape. Surface layer of low-intermediate frequency noise reduction: filling layer for medium-high frequency noise reduction: the thickness ratio of the back sound insulation layer to the side sound insulation layer is 1: 1.2: 1.5, and the thickness of the side sound insulation layer is 60 mm.
For the surface layer of making an uproar falls in low intermediate frequency, when the surface layer is 50mm thick, each square meter quantity of raw materials is: the cement is 20kg of white Portland cement, and the reinforcing agent has a specific surface area of more than 1200m21.0kg of silica fume per kg, 70kg of single-grade quartz sand with the grain diameter of 0.63-1.18 mm is adopted as microporous particles, 0.4kg of polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent with the water reducing rate of 30% and 3.8kg of water are adopted as additives; the quartz sand is composed of a single color, and the amount of the raw materials can be increased in proportion according to actual conditions.
The preparation method of the full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate comprises the following steps:
1) 20kg of white Portland cement with the specific surface area more than 1200m21.0kg of silica fume per kg, 70kg of single-grade quartz sand with the particle size of 0.63-1.18 mm, 0.4kg of polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent with the water reducing rate of more than or equal to 30 percent and 3.8kg of water are added into a stirrer to be stirred for 7 min;
2) pouring the stirred slurry into a mold, and pressing by a pressing plate or vibrating and molding by a flat vibrator;
3) placing a medium-high frequency noise reduction material on the surface layer forming surface, and reserving 50mm gaps at the periphery;
4) placing a steel bar net piece, pouring a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer on the periphery, finishing and leveling along the die, and maintaining.
The sound absorption coefficients of the prepared full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate are measured, the sound absorption coefficients are respectively measured under 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz by a reverberation chamber method, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Example 5
The full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate comprises a low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, a medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer, wherein the low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, the medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, the side sound insulation layer and the back sound insulation layer are organically combined to form an integral structure; the low and medium frequency noise reduction surface layer is made of cement, a reinforcing agent, microporous particles, an additive and water; the medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer adopts mineral wool; the side sound insulation layer and the back sound insulation layer are made of fine stone concrete with the strength grade not lower than C30; the surface layer for reducing noise of low and medium frequency adopts a wedge shape. The thickness ratio of the low-medium frequency noise-reduction surface layer, the medium-high frequency noise-reduction filling layer and the back sound insulation layer is 1: 1.0: 1.3, and the thickness of the side sound insulation layer is 50 mm.
For the surface layer of making an uproar falls in low intermediate frequency, when the surface layer is 50mm thick, each square meter quantity of raw materials is: the cement is 23kg of white Portland cement, and the reinforcing agent has a specific surface area of more than 1200m21.0kg of silica fume per kg, 72kg of single-grade quartz sand with the grain diameter of 0.63-1.18 mm is adopted as microporous particles, 0.4kg of polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent with the water reducing rate of 30% and 3.8kg of water are adopted as additives; the quartz sand is formed by mixing colors of colored quartz sand.
The preparation method of the full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate comprises the following steps:
1) 23kg of white Portland cement with the specific surface area more than 1200m21.0kg of silica fume per kg, 72kg of single-grade quartz sand with the particle size of 0.63-1.18 mm, 0.4kg of polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent with the water reducing rate of more than or equal to 30 percent and 3.8kg of water are added into a stirrer to be stirred for 6 min;
2) pouring the stirred slurry into a mold, and pressing by a pressing plate or vibrating and molding by a flat vibrator;
3) placing a medium-high frequency noise reduction material on the surface layer forming surface, and reserving a 45mm gap around the medium-high frequency noise reduction material;
4) placing a steel bar net piece, pouring a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer on the periphery, finishing and leveling along the die, and maintaining.
The sound absorption coefficients of the prepared full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate are measured, the sound absorption coefficients are respectively measured under 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz by a reverberation chamber method, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Example 6
The full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate comprises a low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, a medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer, wherein the low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, the medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, the side sound insulation layer and the back sound insulation layer are organically combined to form an integral structure; the low and medium frequency noise reduction surface layer is made of cement, a reinforcing agent, microporous particles, an additive and water; the medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer adopts mineral wool; the side sound insulation layer and the back sound insulation layer are made of fine stone concrete with the strength grade not lower than C30; the surface layer for reducing noise of low and medium frequency adopts a wedge shape. The thickness ratio of the low-medium frequency noise-reduction surface layer, the medium-high frequency noise-reduction filling layer and the back sound insulation layer is 1: 1.0: 1.3, and the thickness of the side sound insulation layer is 50 mm.
For the surface layer of making an uproar falls in low intermediate frequency, when the surface layer is 50mm thick, each square quantity of raw materials respectively is: the cement is white Portland cement 25kg, and the reinforcing agent has a specific surface area of more than 1200m20.9kg of silica fume per kg, 75kg of single-grade quartz sand with the grain diameter of 0.63-1.18 mm is adopted as microporous particles, 0.4kg of polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent with the water reducing rate of 30% and 3.8kg of water are adopted as additives; the quartz sand is composed of a single color.
The preparation method of the full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate comprises the following steps:
1) white Portland cement 25kg with specific surface area more than 1200m20.9kg of silica fume per kg, 75kg of single-grade quartz sand with the particle size of 0.63-1.18 mm, 0.4kg of polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent with the water reducing rate of more than or equal to 30 percent and 3.8kg of water are added into a stirrer to be stirred for 8 min;
2) pouring the stirred slurry into a mold, and pressing by a pressing plate or vibrating and molding by a flat vibrator;
3) placing a medium-high frequency noise reduction material on the surface layer forming surface, and reserving 55mm gaps at the periphery;
4) placing a steel bar net piece, pouring a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer on the periphery, finishing and leveling along the die, and maintaining.
The sound absorption coefficients of the prepared full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate are measured, the sound absorption coefficients are respectively measured under 125Hz, 250Hz, 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz and 4000Hz by a reverberation chamber method, and the test results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 examples 1 to 6 full band sound absorption and noise reduction plate having sound absorption coefficients at different sound frequencies
Table 1 shows the test results of the sound absorption coefficients of the full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plates and the common plate in embodiments 1 to 6 under different sound frequencies, where the common plate is disclosed in a patent document, and application number is CN2015110321906, and the patent document discloses that rock wool is filled in the sound absorption plate to absorb sound, and a concrete cover is used for covering the sound to insulate the sound, and sound absorption holes are arranged on the surface of the concrete, as can be seen from table 1, the sound absorption coefficients of the full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate are higher than those of the common plate under both low frequency conditions and high frequency conditions, and especially under low frequencies (125Hz and 250Hz), the effect is more obvious, which indicates that the full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate realizes low full frequency bands and middle frequency bands, and makes up the defect of the existing product that the low frequency sound absorption effect is poor.
Claims (8)
1. A full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate is characterized by comprising a low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, a medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer, wherein the low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, the medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer, the side sound insulation layer and the back sound insulation layer are organically combined to form an integral structure; the thickness ratio of the low-medium frequency noise reduction surface layer, the medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer and the back sound insulation layer is 1 (0.8-1.2) to 1.2-1.5, and the thickness of the side sound insulation layer is 30-60 mm;
the low and medium frequency noise reduction surface layer is made of raw materials of cement, a reinforcing agent, microporous particles, an additive and water; the medium-high frequency noise reduction filling layer is one of superfine glass wool, rock wool, mineral wool or inorganic fiber materials; the side sound insulation layer and the back sound insulation layer are made of fine aggregate concrete;
the cement is portland cement, ordinary portland cement or white portland cement, the reinforcing agent is silica fume, the microporous particles are quartz sand of single gradation, and the additive is a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent;
for the surface layer of making an uproar falls in low intermediate frequency, when the surface layer is 50mm thick, each square meter quantity of raw materials is: 15-25 kg of cement, 0.8-1.2 kg of reinforcing agent, 60-80 kg of microporous particles, 0.3-0.5 kg of additive and 3.5-4 kg of water; the consumption of each raw material is increased or reduced according to the thickness and the area of the surface layer in proportion;
the preparation method of the full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate comprises the following steps:
1) adding the raw materials of the low-medium frequency noise-reduced surface layer into a stirrer according to the mass ratio, and stirring for more than or equal to 3 min;
2) pouring the stirred low-medium frequency noise-reduced surface layer slurry into a mold, and pressing by using a pressing plate or performing vibration molding by using a flat plate vibrator;
3) placing a medium-high frequency noise reduction material on the surface layer forming surface, and reserving gaps of 30-60 mm at the periphery;
4) placing a steel bar net piece, pouring a side sound insulation layer and a back sound insulation layer on the periphery, finishing and leveling along the die, and maintaining.
2. The full band noise absorbing and reducing panel of claim 1, wherein the surface layer for low and medium frequency noise reduction is one of a planar type, a wavy type or a wedge type.
3. The full band sound absorbing and noise reducing panel of claim 1, wherein the fine aggregate concrete strength grade is not less than C30.
4. The full band sound absorbing and noise reducing panel of claim 1, wherein the portland cement strength grade is greater than or equal to 52.5 grade.
5. The full band sound absorbing and noise reducing panel of claim 1, wherein the silica fume has a specific surface area of more than 1200m2/kg。
6. The full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate according to claim 1, wherein the grain size of the single-graded quartz sand is 0.63-1.18 mm or 1.18-2.36 mm.
7. The full band sound absorbing and noise reducing panel according to claim 1, wherein the silica sand is composed of a single color or a combination of colors.
8. The full-band sound absorption and noise reduction plate according to claim 1, wherein the water reducing rate of the polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent is not less than 30%.
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