CN109469469B - Targeted low-temperature fracturing device and method - Google Patents
Targeted low-temperature fracturing device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109469469B CN109469469B CN201811431500.5A CN201811431500A CN109469469B CN 109469469 B CN109469469 B CN 109469469B CN 201811431500 A CN201811431500 A CN 201811431500A CN 109469469 B CN109469469 B CN 109469469B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- ZUDYPQRUOYEARG-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);dihydroxide;octahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] ZUDYPQRUOYEARG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019994 cava Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010053615 Thermal burn Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WOPHKSKOUDHSIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;ethanol;chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-].CCO WOPHKSKOUDHSIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 barium octahydrate-ethanol Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014075 nitrogen utilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a targeted low-temperature fracturing device and a targeted low-temperature fracturing method, wherein the device comprises a storage pipe, a submersible pump, a feeding pipe and a discharging pipe, the discharging pipe is arranged at the outlet of the submersible pump, a control valve is arranged on the discharging pipe, a discharging port is arranged on the discharging pipe, the storage pipe is connected with the inlet of the submersible pump and used for generating and/or temporarily storing refrigerant, the feeding pipe is connected with the upper end of the storage pipe and used for feeding the refrigerant or components of the generated refrigerant into the storage pipe, and meanwhile, the feeding pipe is also used as a bearing connecting piece for lowering the discharging port. According to the invention, ammonium chloride and barium hydroxide octahydrate are used as reaction reagents, ethanol is used as a conveying carrier, and the reaction position of the submersible pump is controlled to realize the effect of rock stratum breaking at different layers, so that the aim of targeted low-temperature rock breaking is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil and gas well fracturing, relates to an oil and gas well low-temperature fracturing technology, and particularly relates to a targeted low-temperature fracturing device and a targeted low-temperature fracturing method.
Background
The propagation mode of the conventional hydraulic fracturing technology fracture is obviously directional, namely, the ground stress can restrict the deflection direction of the hydraulic fracture. According to classical hydraulic fracturing theory, the propagation of the fracture will be towards the direction of maximum principal stress, which is not conducive to optimizing reservoir volume reformation.
The main reasons are:
1. the complex fracture network is not generated, and the reservoir volume reconstruction efficiency is low;
2. for fracture-cavity type oil and gas reservoirs, the karst cave is the main reservoir area of oil and gas resources, and the fracture is the main transportation channel of the oil and gas resources, so that the fracture channel for communicating the karst cave with the shaft is difficult to generate.
Therefore, for such geological reservoirs, the main exploitation idea is to communicate hydraulic fractures with karst caves in a fixed-point and directional manner through a hydraulic fracturing technology, so as to improve the recovery ratio, however, due to the influence of the ground stress, the communication between the hydraulic fractures and the karst caves is difficult, the effect is not ideal, and the communication is also a key problem in exploitation of the fracture-cave type hydrocarbon reservoir.
In recent years, researchers have proposed fracturing with liquid nitrogen. The temperature of the liquid nitrogen is about-196 ℃, when the liquid nitrogen is in contact with a reservoir stratum, acting forces such as thermal stress, frost heaving force and the like which are not influenced by the ground stress can be generated, the restriction of the ground stress on the expansion direction of the hydraulic fracture is broken through, and therefore a complex fracture network is generated. However, liquid nitrogen fracturing appears promising, it results in a large amount of "cold loss" during surface transport to target horizons, liquid nitrogen utilization is inefficient, and there are many technical and operational difficulties.
Based on the analysis, from the physical properties of reservoir rock and the operability of actual production, a method of targeted low-temperature rock breaking is considered, a complex fracture network is generated in a specified oil-producing target layer, the volume transformation of the reservoir is optimized, meanwhile, the fixed-point and directional communication of hydraulic fractures and karst caves is realized in the exploitation process of a fracture-cavity type oil and gas reservoir, and the recovery ratio of oil and gas resources is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provide an efficient targeted low-temperature fracturing device and method, and the purpose of targeted low-temperature rock breaking is realized by replacing the traditional liquid nitrogen for rock breaking by ammonium chloride and barium hydroxide octahydrate and improving the existing wellbore device.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a targeted low temperature fracturing device which characterized in that: including storage pipe, centrifugal pump, inlet pipe and discharging pipe, the discharging pipe is installed in the export of centrifugal pump, is equipped with the control valve on the discharging pipe, is equipped with the discharge gate on the discharging pipe, the storage pipe links to each other with the centrifugal pump entry for the cryogen generates and or temporarily stores the cryogen, the inlet pipe links to each other with the storage pipe upper end for in sending into the storage pipe with cryogen or the component that generates the cryogen, the inlet pipe still carries out the bearing connecting piece that the target fracturing was carried out as transferring the discharge gate simultaneously.
As an improvement, the refrigerant is generated by the reaction of the component A and the component B in a normal temperature state, and the component A and the component B are added into a storage pipe and a centrifugal pump through feeding pipes.
As an improvement, the two feed pipes are provided, wherein one feed pipe is a main feed pipe and is used for generating one component of the refrigerant and is also a bearing connecting piece, the other feed pipe is a secondary feed pipe and is used for generating the other component of the refrigerant, the lower ends of the main feed pipe and the secondary feed pipe are respectively provided with a feed valve for controlling feeding, and the storage pipe is provided with an air pressure balance port for preventing the pressure at the inlet of the centrifugal pump from being too low.
As an improvement, the centrifugal pump is arranged in an inverted manner, the discharge pipe is an L-shaped pipe or a spiral pipe, the other end of the L-shaped pipe or the spiral pipe is a blind end, a plurality of small holes for discharging are formed in the horizontal section of the L-shaped pipe, and a plurality of small holes for discharging are also formed in the spiral section of the spiral pipe.
As an improvement, the centrifugal pump is a submersible pump, and the submersible pump comprises a top cover, a middle shell, a first sealing ring, a stator, a lower bearing, cooling oil, a second sealing ring, an oil cylinder cover, a third sealing ring, a pump body, an improved chassis, an impeller, a connecting key, a mechanical seal, a rotor, an upper bearing and a bearing seat;
a first sealing ring is arranged between the top cover and the middle casing, the bearing seat is arranged at the lower end of the top cover, the upper bearing is arranged in the bearing seat, one end of the rotor is arranged on the upper bearing, the other end of the rotor is arranged on the lower bearing, the lower bearing is arranged at the lower end of the middle casing, a stator is arranged in the middle casing outside the rotor, a mechanical seal is arranged outside the rotor at the lower part of the lower bearing, cooling oil is arranged outside the mechanical seal, an oil cylinder cover is arranged at the lower end of the mechanical seal, a second sealing ring seal is arranged between the middle casing and the oil cylinder cover, the oil cylinder cover and the pump body are sealed by a third sealing;
the improved chassis is formed by welding and enclosing sheet iron, the end part of the lower end of the improved chassis is opened, and the upper part of the improved chassis is welded on the pump body;
after inverting the immersible pump, will improve the welding ring welded connection of chassis and storage tube tip, the discharging pipe is installed on the immersible pump export.
As an improvement, a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the refrigerant is arranged in the submersible pump or the material storage pipe.
A targeted low temperature fracturing method, comprising the steps of:
step 1, feeding a component A into a storage pipe and a centrifugal pump through a feeding pipe;
step 2, feeding the component B into a storage pipe and a centrifugal pump through a feeding pipe;
step 3, reacting the component A and the component B in the storage pipe and the centrifugal pump to generate low-temperature refrigerant, and starting the centrifugal pump to accelerate the reaction;
step 4, lowering the centrifugal pump to the underground position needing low-temperature fracturing through a feeding pipe serving as a force-bearing connecting piece;
and 5, opening a control valve on the discharge pipe, and spraying low-temperature refrigerant from a discharge hole to perform targeted low-temperature fracturing on the underground rock stratum.
As an improvement, the component A is ammonium salt, and the component B is barium hydroxide octahydrate.
As an improvement, the component A is a mixed solution of ammonium chloride and ethanol, and the component B is a mixed solution of barium hydroxide octahydrate and ethanol.
As an improvement, the ethanol concentration is more than 63.4 percent by volume, ammonium chloride is dissolved in the ethanol to form a uniform solution, and barium hydroxide octahydrate is dissolved in the ethanol to form a uniform solution.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the traditional medium liquid nitrogen for breaking rock is replaced by ammonium chloride and barium hydroxide octahydrate with better operability, so that the defect that the liquid nitrogen absorbs heat in the conveying process due to the overlong oil extraction target layer is overcome, and low-temperature scald easily caused by using the liquid nitrogen is avoided; the liquid nitrogen is easy to gasify and has high requirement on the pressure resistance of a shaft and equipment.
2. The invention improves the shaft device, the device realizes the rock breaking of an oil layer at a certain position by installing the submersible pump on the oil conveying pipe and adjusting the position of the submersible pump, and the device has the characteristics of high accuracy and convenient operation.
3. According to the invention, because the reagents ammonium chloride and the barium hydroxide octahydrate are both solid, continuous injection is not needed, and the reaction temperature reduction is carried out only when the reagents ammonium chloride and the barium hydroxide octahydrate are in contact, the effect is better in a narrow space of an oil layer, a large amount of ammonia gas can be generated in the reaction process of the ammonium chloride and the barium hydroxide octahydrate, and a pressure-building effect can be formed in the narrow space of a reservoir, so that the rock crushing effect is greatly improved, the generation of a complex fracture network is further caused, and the transformation of the volume of the reservoir is optimized.
4. And due to the existence of geothermal gradient, the temperature of a target reservoir is about 100 ℃ generally, a large amount of accumulated liquid is accumulated in an oil extraction well, the accumulated liquid is pushed into a rock stratum under the action of ammonia gas, the reaction temperature of ammonium chloride and barium hydroxide octahydrate is reduced to minus 30 ℃, surrounding free water can be frozen, the free water in the rock stratum is rapidly cooled to form solid, and the effect of rapidly breaking rock is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a targeted low-temperature fracturing device in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a targeted low-temperature fracturing device in example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a targeted low-temperature fracturing device according to embodiment 3 of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the submersible pump of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-top cover, 2-seal ring I, 3-stator, 4-lower bearing, 5-cooling oil, 6-seal ring II, 7-cylinder cover, 8-seal ring III, 9-pump body, 10-improved chassis, 11-impeller, 12-connecting key, 13-mechanical seal, 14-rotor, 15-upper bearing, 16-bearing seat, 17-middle shell, 18-control valve, 19-feeding pipe, 20-storage pipe, 21-main feeding pipe, 22-secondary feeding pipe, 23-air pressure balancing port, 24-submersible pump, 25-refrigerant, 26-discharging pipe and 27-feeding valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, a high-efficiency targeted low-temperature fracturing device comprises a storage pipe 20, a submersible pump 24, a feeding pipe 19 and a discharging pipe 26, wherein the discharging pipe 26 is installed at an outlet of the submersible pump 24, the discharging pipe 26 is provided with a control valve 18, the discharging pipe 26 is provided with a discharging port, the storage pipe 20 is connected with an inlet of the submersible pump 24, the submersible pump 24 is installed at the lower end part of the storage pipe 20 and is used for generating and/or temporarily storing a refrigerant 25, the feeding pipe 19 is connected with the upper end of the storage pipe 20 and is used for feeding the refrigerant 25 or components of the generated refrigerant 25 into the storage pipe 20, and the feeding pipe 19 is also used as a bearing connecting piece for.
The submersible pump 24 is fixed at the end of the storage pipe 20, and the position of the submersible pump 24 is lifted and lowered by lifting or lowering the feeding pipe 19.
The submersible pump 24 is a submersible pump used for pumping and storing water in daily families. As shown in fig. 4, the oil cooling device comprises a top cover 1, a middle casing 17, a first seal ring 2, a stator 3, a lower bearing 4, cooling oil 5, a second seal ring 6, an oil cylinder cover 7, a third seal ring 8, a pump body 9, an improved chassis 10, an impeller 11, a connecting key 12, a mechanical seal 13, a rotor 14, an upper bearing 15 and a bearing seat 16;
a first sealing ring 2 is arranged between the top cover 1 and the middle machine shell 17, a bearing seat 16 is arranged at the lower end part of the top cover 1, an upper bearing 15 is arranged in the bearing seat 16, one end of a rotor 14 is arranged on the upper bearing 15, the other end of the rotor 14 is arranged on a lower bearing 4, the lower bearing 4 is arranged at the lower end of the middle machine shell 17, a stator 3 is arranged in the middle machine shell 17 outside the rotor 14, a mechanical seal 13 is arranged outside the rotor 14 at the lower part of the lower bearing 4, cooling oil 5 is arranged outside the mechanical seal 13, an oil cylinder cover 7 is arranged at the lower end part of the mechanical seal 13, a second sealing ring 6 is arranged between the middle machine shell 17 and the oil cylinder cover 7 for sealing, the oil cylinder cover 7 and the pump body 9 are sealed by a third;
the improved chassis 10 is formed by welding and enclosing sheet iron, the end part of the lower end is opened, and the upper part is welded on the pump body 9;
after the submersible pump 24 is inverted, the modified chassis 10 is welded to the welding ring at the end of the storage pipe 20, and the discharge pipe 26 is mounted on the outlet of the submersible pump 24.
As shown in fig. 1, after the submersible pump 24 is inverted, the improved chassis 10 is welded to a welding ring at the end of the storage pipe 20, the feed pipe 19 is welded to the top of the storage pipe 20, a small control valve 18 (the control valve 18 can be a delaxi 220V electromagnetic water valve) is mounted on a water outlet of the submersible pump 24, the specific type is determined according to the size of an outlet pipe, an L-shaped pipe is connected to a pipe orifice at the other side of the control valve 18, the end of the L-shaped pipe is a blind end, and a plurality of small holes for discharging materials are formed in the horizontal section of the L-shaped pipe.
The further technical scheme of the invention is that circuit lines of the submersible pump 24 and the control valve 18 are led out from a well head, so that the circuit lines are stopped outside the well.
The further technical scheme of the invention is that the device also comprises a temperature sensor which is arranged on the pump body 9 of the submersible pump 24 and is used for sensing the temperature value of the refrigerant 25 generated after the reaction of the ammonium chloride and the barium hydroxide octahydrate, and displaying the temperature value through a display device connected with the temperature sensor when the temperature of the refrigerant 25 reaches a certain value, wherein the temperature sensor can transmit a signal to a ground display device through a line, or can adopt a wireless signal transmitting end to transmit the signal to the ground for displaying, and the control valve 18 is operated according to the temperature value to open the valve.
The further technical scheme of the invention is that the submersible pump 24 is a variable-frequency and adjustable-speed submersible pump 24.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the basic structure of the embodiment 2 is the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the other side of the control valve 18 is connected with a spiral pipe, the end of the spiral pipe is a blind end, and the spiral pipe is provided with a plurality of small holes for discharging materials at the spiral section.
Embodiment 3, as shown in fig. 3, the basic structure of embodiment 3 is the same as that of embodiment 1, except that there are two feed pipes 19, one of which is a primary feed pipe 19 and is also a force-bearing connector as one component of the generated refrigerant, the other is a secondary feed pipe 19 and is used for feeding the other component of the generated refrigerant 25, the lower ends of the primary feed pipe 19 and the secondary feed pipe 19 are respectively provided with a feed valve 27 (optionally a delaware 220V electromagnetic water valve, the size is selected according to the pipe diameter of the discharge pipe) for controlling feeding, and the storage pipe 20 is provided with an air pressure balance port 23 for preventing the inlet pressure of the centrifugal pump from being too low.
For the targeted low temperature fracturing methods of examples 1 and 2, the following steps were included:
step 1, weighing a certain mass of ammonium chloride and putting the ammonium chloride into a container A, weighing a certain mass of barium hydroxide octahydrate and putting the barium hydroxide octahydrate into a container B, wherein the mass ratio of the ammonium chloride to the barium hydroxide octahydrate is 1: 2.
Step 2, pouring ethanol into the container A, and adding 1g of octahydrate barium hydroxide: 0.25g of ethanol is prepared, fully stirred until no ammonium chloride is seen at the bottom of the container A, and is quickly sent into a storage pipe 20 and a submersible pump 24 through a feeding pipe 19;
step 3, ethanol is injected again, and the ammonium chloride remained on the pipe wall of the feeding pipe 19 is fed into the storage pipe 20 and the submersible pump 24;
and 4, pouring ethanol into the container B, and mixing the mixture according to the weight ratio of 1g barium hydroxide octahydrate: 0.25g of ethanol is prepared, fully stirred until no barium hydroxide octahydrate is found at the bottom of the container B, and is quickly sent into a storage pipe 20 and a submersible pump 24 through a feed pipe 19;
step 5, injecting ethanol again, and conveying barium hydroxide octahydrate retained on the pipe wall of the feeding pipe 19 into the submersible pump 24;
step 6, starting the submersible pump 24 on the ground by electrifying, and after the submersible pump 24 reaches a specific position, stirring the ammonium chloride and the barium hydroxide octahydrate by using the submersible pump 24 to ensure that the ammonium chloride and the barium hydroxide octahydrate fully react, wherein the temperature of liquid in the submersible pump 24 can reach about-30 ℃;
and 8, controlling the position of the submersible pump 24 to reach another specific position on the ground through the feeding pipe 19, and repeating the above operations to realize the effect of low-temperature rock breaking at different positions and achieve the aim of targeted low-temperature rock breaking.
The further technical scheme of the invention is that the ethanol in the step 1 and/or the step 2 is ethanol solution with ethanol volume percentage of more than 63.4% or pure ethanol.
The further technical scheme of the invention is that the amount of the ethanol used for washing in the step 2 is 0.5-10 kg.
The further technical proposal of the invention is that the amount of ethanol used for washing in the step 4 is 0.5-10 kg.
For the targeted low-temperature fracturing method of example 3, the procedure is substantially the same as that of the fracturing method described above, except that the ammonium chloride-ethanol mixed solution and the barium octahydrate-ethanol mixed solution can be fed through the main feeding pipe 19 and the secondary feeding pipe 19 respectively, and the feeding amount and the feeding start and stop can be controlled by the feeding valves 27 on the main feeding pipe 19 and the secondary feeding pipe 19, and meanwhile, in order to prevent the inlet pressure of the submersible pump 24 from being too low, the air pressure balancing port 23 is arranged at the top of the storage pipe 20, so that the pressure in the storage pipe 20 is always the same as the ambient atmospheric pressure.
It should be noted that the method is not limited to the mixing of ammonium chloride and barium hydroxide octahydrate for preparing the refrigerant 25, and other ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate may be used as the ammonium chloride.
The invention makes full use of the characteristics of the centrifugal pump, so that ammonium chloride and barium hydroxide octahydrate are fully reacted in the material storage pipe 20 and the pump to generate low temperature and are pressurized, when a control valve of the material storage pipe is closed, the pressure in the pump is always kept, meanwhile, the centrifugal pump rotates to play a role of stirring, the reaction of the ammonium chloride and the barium hydroxide octahydrate is accelerated, when a discharge port of the material storage pipe reaches a rock stratum needing fracturing, the control valve is opened, a refrigerant is sprayed out to implement low-temperature freezing on the rock stratum, and a complex fracture network is generated in a target stratum after the rock stratum is frozen.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A targeted low temperature fracturing device which characterized in that: the device comprises a storage pipe, a centrifugal pump, a feeding pipe and a discharging pipe, wherein the discharging pipe is arranged at the outlet of the centrifugal pump, a control valve is arranged on the discharging pipe, a discharging port is arranged on the discharging pipe, the storage pipe is connected with the inlet of the centrifugal pump and is used for generating and/or temporarily storing cryogen, the feeding pipe is connected with the upper end of the storage pipe and is used for feeding the cryogen or components of the generated cryogen into the storage pipe, and meanwhile, the feeding pipe is also used as a load-bearing connecting piece for lowering the discharging port to;
the refrigerant is generated by the reaction of a component A and a component B in a normal temperature state, and the component A and the component B are added into a storage pipe and a centrifugal pump through a feeding pipe;
the component A is ammonium salt, and the component B is barium hydroxide octahydrate.
2. The targeted low temperature fracturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the centrifugal pump comprises a centrifugal pump body, a feed pipe, a secondary feed pipe, a main feed pipe, a load-bearing connecting piece, a secondary feed pipe and a pressure balance port, wherein the feed pipe comprises two feed pipes, one of the two feed pipes is the main feed pipe and is used for generating one component of refrigerant and is also used as a load-bearing connecting piece, the other feed pipe is the secondary feed pipe and is used for generating the other component of the refrigerant, the lower ends of the main feed pipe and the secondary feed pipe are.
3. The targeted low temperature fracturing apparatus of any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein: the centrifugal pump is arranged in an inverted mode, the discharge pipe is an L-shaped pipe or a spiral pipe, the other end of the L-shaped pipe or the spiral pipe is a blind end, a plurality of small holes used for discharging are formed in the horizontal section of the L-shaped pipe, and a plurality of small holes used for discharging are also formed in the spiral section of the spiral pipe.
4. The targeted low temperature fracturing apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the centrifugal pump is a submersible pump, and the submersible pump comprises a top cover, a middle shell, a first sealing ring, a stator, a lower bearing, cooling oil, a second sealing ring, an oil cylinder cover, a third sealing ring, a pump body, an improved chassis, an impeller, a connecting key, a mechanical seal, a rotor, an upper bearing and a bearing seat;
a first sealing ring is arranged between the top cover and the middle casing, the bearing seat is arranged at the lower end of the top cover, the upper bearing is arranged in the bearing seat, one end of the rotor is arranged on the upper bearing, the other end of the rotor is arranged on the lower bearing, the lower bearing is arranged at the lower end of the middle casing, a stator is arranged in the middle casing outside the rotor, a mechanical seal is arranged outside the rotor at the lower part of the lower bearing, cooling oil is arranged outside the mechanical seal, an oil cylinder cover is arranged at the lower end of the mechanical seal, a second sealing ring seal is arranged between the middle casing and the oil cylinder cover, the oil cylinder cover and the pump body are sealed by a third sealing;
the improved chassis is formed by welding and enclosing sheet iron, the end part of the lower end of the improved chassis is opened, and the upper part of the improved chassis is welded on the pump body;
after inverting the immersible pump, will improve the welding ring welded connection of chassis and storage tube tip, the discharging pipe is installed on the immersible pump export.
5. The targeted low temperature fracturing apparatus of claim 4, wherein: and a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the refrigerant is arranged in the submersible pump or the material storage pipe.
6. A targeted low temperature fracturing method, comprising the steps of:
step 1, feeding a component A into a storage pipe and a centrifugal pump through a feeding pipe;
step 2, feeding the component B into a storage pipe and a centrifugal pump through a feeding pipe;
step 3, reacting the component A and the component B in the storage pipe and the centrifugal pump to generate low-temperature refrigerant, and starting the centrifugal pump to accelerate the reaction;
step 4, lowering the centrifugal pump to the underground position needing low-temperature fracturing through a feeding pipe serving as a force-bearing connecting piece;
step 5, opening a control valve on the discharge pipe, and spraying low-temperature refrigerant from a discharge hole to perform targeted low-temperature fracturing on the underground rock stratum;
the component A is ammonium salt, and the component B is barium hydroxide octahydrate.
7. The targeted low temperature fracturing method of claim 6, wherein: the component A is a mixed solution of ammonium chloride and ethanol, and the component B is a mixed solution of barium hydroxide octahydrate and ethanol.
8. The targeted low temperature fracturing method of claim 7, wherein: the ethanol concentration is more than 63.4 percent by volume, the ammonium chloride is dissolved in the ethanol to form a uniform solution, and the barium hydroxide octahydrate is dissolved in the ethanol to form a uniform solution.
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