CN109465924B

CN109465924B - Dust hood device

Info

Publication number: CN109465924B
Application number: CN201811647693.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 熊宏佳; 熊俞智
Original assignee: Foshan V Plus Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: Foshan V Plus Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2018-12-29
Filing date: 2018-12-29
Publication date: 2023-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 2038-12-29
Also published as: CN109465924A

Abstract

The application discloses suction hood device, including suction hood and pipeline subassembly, the suction hood is equipped with the drill way and passes through drill way and pipeline subassembly intercommunication still include detection component and drive assembly, the suction hood is connected with drive assembly, drive assembly is according to detection component's detection signal drive the suction hood motion. The dust hood device enables the dust hood to adjust the relative position with the wood at any time according to the shape and line change of the wood, enables the dust collection cavity of the dust hood to surround the emission range of dust at any time, gets rid of the limitation of the dust hood on the processing process and the influence of the shape and line change of the wood on the dust collection effect, and keeps the dust hood to collect dust in a main area where the dust splashes, thereby ensuring good dust collection and dust collection effects.

Description

Dust hood device

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of wood working machinery, and more particularly, to a dust hood device which can automatically adjust positions along with the shape line change of wood and ensure good dust collection effect.

Background

In the field of woodworking machines, existing suction hoods are broadly divided into two types: a fully wrapped dust hood has good dust collection effect, but has large volume and more occupied space, and even if the aims of sealing and isolating dust and not affecting the environment are fulfilled, the dust collection dead angle exists in the dust hood, so that the dust hood is extremely inconvenient to daily maintenance and cleaning.

The other is a semi-wrap type dust hood, and the dust hood can be divided into two modes: in the first mode, the dust hood is circular and round around the cutter, is provided with a soft brush which is flush with the cutter, and forms a surrounding brush ring to prevent dust from flying, but the soft brush can only prevent dust from sputtering and can not prevent air from passing through. That is, in the mechanism of negative pressure dust collection, the brush portion cannot function as a duct, and negative pressure is lost at the brush portion, so that the dust collection effect is greatly impaired. Meanwhile, the soft brush is blocked by wood in the processing process to be bent, so that the soft brush is easily cut off by a cutter to be gradually sparse, and finally the effect of blocking dust from flying is invalid, so that larger loss is caused. And in the second mode, 180 degrees of the radial direction of the cutter is wrapped, and a soft brush is arranged at the opening of the dust hood to adapt to the height drop gap generated during the processing of the curved surface of the wood, so that the dust sputtering is blocked. However, this hood has two fatal disadvantages in addition to the disadvantage of the mode one hood: when the curve amplitude of the wood is too large, the dust hood can obstruct the cutter from processing the wood; when the included angle between the dust injection direction of the cutter processing curve and the dust collection opening is more than 60 degrees, dust is easy to rebound, and any dust collection effect cannot be achieved.

Therefore, there is a need for a dust hood apparatus that not only automatically adjusts the position according to the shape and line change of the wood, but also ensures a good dust collection effect.

Disclosure of Invention

An object of the present application is to provide a suction hood device, which is a suction hood with an automatic position adjustment along with the shape and line change of wood in the wood processing process, and at the same time, ensures a good dust collection effect.

The above purpose is achieved by the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a dust hood device, includes dust hood and pipeline subassembly, the dust hood is equipped with the drill way and passes through drill way and pipeline subassembly intercommunication, and the dust hood device still includes detection component and drive assembly, the dust hood is connected with drive assembly, drive assembly is according to detection component's detection signal drive the dust hood motion.

In the wood processing process, the detection component detects the shape lines of the wood and the position relation between the dust hood and the wood, and outputs related signals, when the driving component receives the detected signals, the dust hood is driven to move along with the shape lines and the position change of the wood according to the signals, so that the relative position of the dust hood and the wood is adjusted, the emission range of dust generated when the wood is cut is surrounded by the dust hood (the emission range refers to a range of a certain included angle between a common tangent line of a cutting circle of a cutter and a processed surface of the wood and the rotation direction of the cutter), and the purposes of collecting the dust and absorbing the dust are achieved. In particular, the detection assembly may be mounted on the suction hood to more accurately detect the relative position between the suction hood and the wood. The detection component is not required to be arranged on the dust hood, so long as the shape line of the wood and the position relationship between the dust hood and the wood can be detected.

Preferably, the driving assembly comprises a motor, a driving gear shaft, a driven gear and a connecting piece, wherein the motor is connected with the driving gear shaft, the driving gear shaft is meshed with the driven gear, the connecting piece is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, the driven gear is fixed relative to the first through hole, and the dust hood is connected with the second through hole. Specifically, the driven gear is annular and extends upwards to form an annular step, the annular step is provided with a notch, and the first through hole of the connecting piece is provided with a bulge. When the dust hood device is assembled, the annular step is embedded into the first through hole and matched with the bulge through the notch, so that the driven gear is fixed at the first through hole of the connecting piece. According to the actual need, the driven gear can be reversely provided with a bulge, and the first through hole is provided with a notch, so that the purpose of fixing the driven gear at the first through hole of the connecting piece can be realized. During operation of the suction hood device, the electrode causes a rotational movement of the drive gear shaft, which causes a rotational movement of the driven gear (together with the coupling member) due to the fact that the driven gear is fixed to the first through-hole of the coupling member and is in engagement with the drive gear shaft. And the dust hood is connected with the second through hole, so that the dust hood is also driven to adjust the relative position with the wood. It should be noted that the suction hood and the coupling member may be relatively fixed during operation of the suction hood device.

Preferably, the first through hole is provided with a compression ring, and the driven gear, the first through hole and the compression ring are coaxially arranged from bottom to top. According to actual needs, the compression ring and the driven gear are coaxially sleeved on the cutter shaft of the cutter, so that the driven gear and the connecting piece can rotate along the center of the cutter shaft and cannot axially move.

Preferably, the driving assembly further comprises a shaft seat, the driving gear shaft is arranged on the shaft seat and connected with the motor, a position contact block is arranged on the driving gear shaft, the position contact block is provided with a protruding contact arm, a position switch is arranged on the shaft seat, and the position switch detects the position of the contact arm. Specifically, when the motor is operated, the driving gear shaft is driven by the motor to perform rotary motion, and the position contact block fixed on the driving gear shaft and the contact arm protruding from the position contact block also perform rotary motion along with the driving gear shaft, so that the position switch arranged on the shaft seat can detect the position of the contact arm. The motor is driven by the motor to rotate, and the position switch detects and stops the motor when the driving gear shaft rotates to a preset limit position, namely the contact arm rotates to the preset limit position, so that the driving gear shaft is stopped from continuing to rotate.

Preferably, the dust hood device of the application further comprises a swing angle worm wheel and a worm assembly matched with the swing angle worm wheel, the worm assembly is mounted on the connecting piece and fixed relative to the connecting piece, the swing angle worm wheel is coaxially connected with the second through hole and the orifice of the dust hood and mounted between the connecting piece and the dust hood, the swing angle worm wheel is fixed relative to the dust hood, and the worm assembly can drive the swing angle worm wheel to rotate so as to drive the dust hood to rotate relative to the connecting piece. In this application, the swing angle worm wheel and worm assembly are used in cooperation, and the main purpose of the swing angle worm wheel and worm assembly is to enable the dust hood to be suitable for cutters with different sizes. Since the dust emission ranges of the cutters with different sizes are different, the angle of the dust hood relative to the cutters needs to be adjusted correspondingly, so that the dust emission range is ensured to be covered by the dust hood. When the cutters with different sizes are replaced (at the moment, the whole mechanism is in a non-working state), the worm assembly is driven to enable the swing angle worm wheel matched with the worm assembly to rotate by a certain angle, and the swing angle worm wheel is fixed relative to the dust hood, so that the dust hood is driven to rotate by the same angle.

Preferably, the worm assembly comprises a worm seat, a worm knob and a worm, the worm is inserted into the worm seat and fixedly connected with the worm knob outside the worm seat, and the worm is rotated in the worm seat by rotating the worm knob. Because the worm of the worm assembly is meshed with the swing angle worm wheel, when the worm knob is rotated for a certain angle, the worm is driven to rotate for a certain angle, so that the swing angle worm wheel meshed with the worm is rotated, and the angle of the dust hood relative to the cutter is adjusted.

Preferably, one side of the worm seat facing the swing angle worm wheel is provided with an inward concave cambered surface corresponding to the outer surface of the swing angle worm wheel, one side of the inward concave cambered surface, which is close to the connecting piece, is provided with a convex square platform, and one side of the swing angle worm wheel, which is close to the connecting piece, is provided with a fan-shaped concave part. When the angle of the dust hood relative to the cutter is adjusted, the swing angle worm wheel can rotate in the positive and negative directions, and the fan-shaped concave part of the swing angle worm wheel is provided with two straight edges to limit the limit position of the swing angle worm wheel rotating in the positive and negative directions. When the swing angle worm wheel is rotated to two limit positions (positive direction and negative direction), the straight edges of the sector concave parts respectively abut against the two straight edges of the square platform protruding from the worm seat, so that the maximum rotation amplitude of the swing angle worm wheel is limited.

Preferably, the dust hood comprises an opening and a sealing surface, the plane where the opening is positioned and the sealing surface jointly form a dust collection cavity, and a guide included angle is formed between the plane where the opening is positioned and the sealing surface. According to actual needs, the dust hood can be configured to have an opening on the side of the dust collection cavity facing the first through hole of the connecting piece, and when the cutter shaft and the first through hole are coaxially arranged, the dust hood can be kept to collect dust in a main dust splashing area so that the dust enters the dust collection cavity to be collected. The dust collection cavity of the dust collection cover is also provided with a sealing surface, the sealing surface is configured to form a guide included angle with the plane where the opening is located, the angle plays a guide role on dust entering the dust collection cavity, and high-speed splashing dust is prevented from splashing out of the dust collection cavity due to collision with the sealing surface. Advantageously, the included guide angle may be 45 degrees or less.

Preferably, the pipeline assembly comprises a hollow coaxial connecting pipe and a movable joint, the movable joint is sleeved outside the connecting pipe, an outer semicircular groove is formed in the outer surface of the connecting pipe, an inner semicircular groove is formed in the inner surface of the movable joint, a circular channel is formed by the outer semicircular groove and the inner semicircular groove, balls are densely distributed in the circular channel, and the balls can roll in the circular channel. According to actual needs, the orifice of the dust hood can be configured to be positioned at the bottom of the dust hood, and the movable joint, the connecting pipe and the orifice of the dust hood are communicated from bottom to top and the inner diameters of the movable joint, the connecting pipe and the orifice of the dust hood are equal. When the movable joint is assembled with the connecting pipe, the inner semicircular groove arranged on the inner surface of the movable joint and the outer semicircular groove arranged on the outer surface of the connecting pipe are concentric, so that a circular channel between the inner surface of the movable joint and the outer surface of the connecting pipe is formed for densely distributing balls. The balls can roll in the circular channel, so that the movable joint can freely rotate relative to the connecting pipe. Advantageously, the connecting tube can be fitted in the pivot worm wheel and fixedly fitted. Advantageously, the outer surface of the lower end of the movable joint is provided with three steps from large to small for sleeving dust collection hoses with different pipe diameters.

Preferably, the outer surface of the connecting pipe is provided with a sealing groove, and a sealing ring is arranged in the sealing groove. The sealing ring is arranged between the inner surface of the movable joint and the outer surface of the connecting pipe, and plays a role in sealing.

Compared with the prior art, the dust hood device of this application's beneficial effect lies in:

the utility model provides a dust hood device still includes detection component and drive assembly, through being connected dust hood and drive assembly for drive assembly can drive the dust hood motion according to detection component's detection signal, thereby make the dust hood can be according to by ligneous shape line change and adjust at any time with ligneous relative position, for example dust hood for ligneous angle and distance etc. make the dust chamber of dust hood can surround the scope of penetrating of dust constantly, get rid of the dust hood to the restriction of course of working and the influence of ligneous shape line change to the dust absorption effect, keep the dust hood in the main region dust absorption that the dust splashes, thereby guarantee good dust collection and dust absorption effect.

Drawings

Fig. 1 shows an exploded view of a suction hood device of an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a suction hood device according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the worm engaged with the swing worm wheel in the suction hood device of the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the cooperation of the square platform of the worm seat and the sector-shaped concave part of the swing angle worm wheel in the dust hood device of the embodiment of the application.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic view of engagement of the driving gear shaft and the driven gear in the suction hood device of the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 6 shows a schematic view of the dust hood apparatus according to the embodiment of the present application, simulating the position and dust collection of a large-diameter tool for wood processing.

Fig. 7 shows a schematic view of dust collection and positions of a dust collection cover when wood is processed by a cutter simulating a small cutter diameter in the dust collection cover device in the embodiment of the application.

Detailed Description

The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the suction hood device of the present embodiment includes a suction hood 61, a duct assembly, a driving assembly, and a detecting assembly. Specifically, the drive assembly includes the motor 42, the drive gear shaft 55, the driven gear 34, and the coupling 30. In this embodiment, the coupling member 30 is in the shape of a swing arm, and a larger first through hole 301 and a smaller second through hole 304 are provided at both ends of the swing arm. The first through hole 301 is internally provided with a bulge 302 extending towards the center of the circle, the driven gear 34 is annular and extends upwards to form an annular step, the annular step is provided with a notch 341, and the annular step of the driven gear 34 is embedded into the first through hole and is matched and fixed with the bulge 302 in the first through hole 301 through the notch 341 on the step. In other embodiments, the driven gear is provided with a protrusion and the first through hole is provided with a notch, so that the driven gear is fixed at the first through hole, or the driven gear and the first through hole are fixed with each other through other connection and matching modes. The upper plane of the coupling 30 at the first through hole 301 is provided with a compression ring 31. The driven gear 34, the first through hole 301, and the clamp ring 31 are coaxially installed from bottom to top. Further, when the cutter is mounted, the clamp ring 31 is coaxially sleeved on the arbor of the cutter with the driven gear 34. The compression ring 31 may be locked securely on the arbor by means of screws 33 and washers 32, thereby defining that the driven gear 34 and the coupling 30 are rotatable along the centre of the arbor and not axially movable.

The tubing assembly includes a hollow coaxial connection tube 59 and a union 56. The connecting tube 59 passes through the second through hole 304 of the coupling member 30, the outer surface of the connecting tube 59 is in a stepped shape with large middle and small two ends, one end step is sequentially provided with a sealing groove and an outer semicircular groove from outside to inside, and the other end step is provided with threads. The union 56 is sleeved on the outer side of the connecting pipe and covers the sealing groove and the outer semicircular groove of the connecting pipe. The inner surface of the union 56 is provided with a through hole equal to the inner diameter of the connection pipe 59 and an inner step larger than the through hole, and the inner step is provided with an inner semicircular groove concentric with the outer semicircular groove of the connection pipe, thereby forming a circular passage between the inner surface of the union and the outer surface of the connection pipe for densely distributing the balls 58. The balls 58 roll in the circular channel, allowing the union 56 to rotate freely with respect to the connecting tube 59. The sealing groove of the connecting pipe 59 is square, and is sleeved with an O-shaped sealing ring 57 (standard component), and the sealing ring 57 abuts against the inner step surface of the movable joint 56 to play a role in sealing. In addition, in the present embodiment, the outer surface of the movable joint 56 has a three-step shape from large to small, and dust collection hoses with different pipe diameters can be sleeved.

The threaded end of the connecting pipe 59 is matched with a swing angle worm wheel 60, and the outer circular surface of the swing angle worm wheel 60 is provided with worm gear teeth. In this embodiment, the swing angle worm wheel 60 has a stepped hole, in which a thread is provided to be engaged with the thread of the connection pipe 59, and an end surface of the step is fitted to an end surface of the threaded end of the connection pipe 59. The lower plane of the swing angle worm wheel 60 and the stepped end surface of the threaded end of the connection pipe 59 are respectively fitted to the upper and lower surfaces of the coupling 30, thereby restricting axial movement of each other.

The suction hood 61 is mounted on the swing worm wheel 60, and the suction hood 61 is fastened to the swing worm wheel 60 by a screw 65 and a washer 66. In this embodiment, the suction hood 61 has a columnar structure with a cross section of a substantially fan shape, and includes an opening and a closing surface, where the plane where the opening is located and the closing surface together form a suction cavity. The side of the suction cavity facing the first through hole 301 of the coupling member 30 is open. When the cutter shaft is coaxially arranged with the first through hole 301, the dust suction cover can be kept to suck dust in a main area where dust splashes, so that the dust enters the dust suction cavity to be collected. The closed surface 611 of the dust hood 31 is configured to form a guiding angle with the plane of the opening, which angle guides dust entering the dust collection cavity, and prevents high-speed splashed dust from splashing out of the dust collection cavity due to collision with the closed surface. In this embodiment, the guiding angle is 45 degrees. Further, the bottom of the suction hood 61 is provided with an orifice having a diameter equal to the inner diameter of the connection pipe 59, which communicates with the suction chamber of the suction hood 61 and the connection pipe 59.

The top of the suction hood 61 is fixed with a sensing assembly including a sensing switch 62 and a long rod 621 by a screw 63 and a washer 64. In this embodiment, the elongate bar 621 is proximate the edge of the hood 61 at which the opening forms an angle with the closure surface 611. During operation of the suction hood device, the wood pushes the long rod to trigger the detection switch to output a detection signal, and the driving assembly drives the driving gear shaft 55 to rotate according to the detection signal.

The suction hood device of the present application further comprises a worm assembly cooperating with the swing angle worm wheel 60, the worm assembly being mounted on the coupling 30 and fixed relative to the coupling 30. As shown in fig. 3, the worm assembly includes a worm seat 75, a worm knob 74, and a worm 67. The worm seat 75 is provided with a stepped through hole in a horizontal direction, and the worm 67 is installed in the stepped through hole. The worm 67 is provided with a large step and a small step, the small step penetrates through a small step hole of the worm seat 75 to extend out of the worm seat 75 for a small section, a worm knob 74 with an inner step hole is sleeved at the small section, and the small step is fastened on the small step of the worm 67 through a screw 72 and a gasket 73, so that the freedom of movement of the worm 67 in the axial direction is limited. The small steps of the worm 67 and the inner hole of the worm knob 74 are respectively provided with a key groove, and the key grooves are internally matched with the flat keys 68. The large step of the worm 67 is processed with worm screw teeth that cooperate with the swing angle worm wheel 60 for meshing with the worm gear teeth of the swing angle worm wheel 60. Since the dust emission ranges of the cutters with different sizes are different, the angle of the dust hood 61 relative to the cutters needs to be adjusted accordingly, so that the dust emission ranges are ensured to be covered by the dust hood. As shown in fig. 6 and 7, when tools with different sizes are replaced (at this time, the whole mechanism is in a non-working state), the worm 67 rotates in the worm seat 75 by rotating the worm knob 74, so that the swing angle worm wheel 60 matched with the worm rotates by a certain angle, and the swing angle worm wheel 60 is fixed relative to the dust hood 61, so that the dust hood 61 is driven to rotate by the same angle, the dust hood 61 is ensured to maintain the included angle between the sealing surface 611 and the dust entering tangent line, and the optimal dust guiding effect is achieved.

As shown in fig. 4, a concave arc surface corresponding to the outer surface of the swing angle worm wheel is provided on the side of the worm seat 75 facing the swing angle worm wheel 60, a convex square platform 751 is provided on the side close to the coupling member, and a fan-shaped concave portion 601 is provided on the side of the swing angle worm wheel close to the coupling member. When the angle of the dust hood 61 relative to the tool is adjusted, the swing angle worm wheel 60 can rotate in the forward and reverse directions, and the fan-shaped concave part 601 of the swing angle worm wheel is provided with two straight edges to limit the limit position of the rotation of the swing angle worm wheel 60 in the forward and reverse directions. When the swing angle worm wheel is rotated to two extreme positions (forward and reverse directions), the straight sides of the sector-shaped concave portion 601 abut against the two straight sides of the square platform 751 protruding from the worm seat, respectively, thereby defining the maximum rotation amplitude of the swing angle worm wheel.

In addition, the upper surface of the worm seat 75 is further provided with two elongated through holes, the positions of which correspond to the threaded holes 303 on the coupling member between the first through holes 301 and the second through holes 304, through which the screws 70 are fitted into the threaded holes 303 of the coupling member, fastening the worm seat 75 to the coupling member 30. The center distance between the worm 67 and the swing angle worm wheel 60 can be adjusted by arranging the long groove through hole, so that the purpose of eliminating the gap is achieved.

In this embodiment, the drive assembly further includes an axle seat 50. The shaft seat 50 has a through hole in the middle, one end of the through hole is provided with a step, the step is provided with a bearing 51, the other end of the through hole is provided with a large step and a small step, and the small step is provided with a bearing 37. The drive gear shaft 55 passes through the bores of the two bearings and protrudes a small section to be placed in a large step. The driving assembly of this embodiment further comprises a coupling 47, wherein the coupling 47 is sleeved on a small section of the driving gear shaft 55 extending out and is fixedly connected with the driving gear shaft 55 through a straight groove elastic cylindrical pin 38. The end face of the coupling 47 abuts against the end face of the bearing 37 to restrict the axial movement of the drive gear shaft 55. The lower end of the shaft seat 50 is fixed with a motor flange 44 through a screw 40 and a gasket 41, the motor flange 44 is fixed with the motor 42 through a screw 46 and a gasket 45, and a coupler 47 is sleeved on the output shaft of the motor 42 and fastened through a set screw 39.

A position contact block 52 is fixed under the gear of the driving gear shaft 55 through a straight groove elastic cylindrical pin 53, and the position contact block 52 is provided with a protruding contact arm 521. The side of the axle seat 50 is provided with a platform, on which a position switch 49 is fixed by a screw 48, the position switch 49 detecting the position of the contact arm 521. Specifically, when the suction hood apparatus is operated, the drive gear shaft 55 is driven by the motor 42 to perform a rotational motion, and the suction hood 61 is rotated through a series of components. Since the movable joint 56 under the suction hood 61 is connected with the suction hose during operation, the suction hose cannot be infinitely circulated, which would otherwise cause the hose to twist and tie. At this time, an extreme position needs to be preset for the dust hood device to ensure that the whole mechanism cannot rotate infinitely. When the drive gear shaft 55 rotates, the position contact block 52 and the contact arm 521 fixed on the drive gear shaft 55 also rotate, and the position switch 49 installed on the shaft seat 50 can detect the position of the contact arm 521. This has the effect that when the drive gear shaft 55 rotates to a preset limit position, that is, when the contact arm 521 rotates to a preset limit position, the position switch 49 detects and stops the motor 42, thereby stopping the continued rotation of the drive gear shaft 55.

In addition, when the dust hood device is installed on a mechanism requiring a dust collection function, the driving shaft seat 50 is fixed on the mechanism through the two long grooves, the screw 35 and the gasket 36, so that the gear of the driving gear shaft 55 is ensured to be meshed with the driven gear 34 correctly, and no back clearance is ensured between the two.

The operation of the suction hood device of the present embodiment is described herein. As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the detection switch 62 on the suction hood 61 outputs a detection signal due to the long rod 62 being pushed by the wood, and the motor 42 drives the driving gear shaft 55 to rotate according to the detection signal, and the driven gear 34 drives the coupling 30 fixedly fitted thereto to rotate due to the engagement of the driving gear shaft 55 with the driven gear 34. Since the dust hood 61 and the coupling member 30 are relatively fixed at this time, the dust hood 61 rotates with the rotation of the coupling member 30, thereby automatically adjusting the relative position of the dust hood 61 and the wood according to the shape and line change of the wood, and enabling the dust suction cavity of the dust hood 61 to constantly surround the emission range of dust, so as to ensure a good dust suction effect.

It is to be understood that the above examples of the present invention are provided by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the invention are desired to be protected by the following claims.

Claims

1. The dust hood device comprises a dust hood and a pipeline assembly, wherein the dust hood is provided with an orifice and is communicated with the pipeline assembly through the orifice; the driving assembly comprises a motor, a driving gear shaft, a driven gear and a connecting piece, wherein the motor is connected with the driving gear shaft, the driving gear shaft is meshed with the driven gear, the connecting piece is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, the driven gear is fixed relative to the first through hole, and the dust hood is connected with the second through hole; the dust hood device further comprises a swing angle worm wheel and a worm component matched with the swing angle worm wheel, the worm component is mounted on the connecting piece and fixed relative to the connecting piece, the swing angle worm wheel is coaxially connected with the second through hole and the orifice of the dust hood and mounted between the connecting piece and the dust hood, the swing angle worm wheel is fixed relative to the dust hood, the worm component can drive the swing angle worm wheel to rotate so as to drive the dust hood to rotate relative to the connecting piece, a compression ring is arranged on the first through hole, and the driven gear, the first through hole and the compression ring are coaxially mounted from bottom to top.

2. The suction hood device according to claim 1, wherein the driving assembly further comprises a shaft seat, the driving gear shaft is mounted on the shaft seat and connected with the motor, a position contact block is arranged on the driving gear shaft, a protruding contact arm is arranged on the position contact block, a position switch is arranged on the shaft seat, and the position switch detects the position of the contact arm.

3. The suction hood apparatus of claim 1, wherein the worm assembly comprises a worm seat, a worm knob, and a worm, the worm being inserted into the worm seat and fixedly coupled to the worm knob outside the worm seat, the worm being rotated in the worm seat by rotating the worm knob.

4. A dust hood apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a concave cambered surface corresponding to the outer surface of the swing angle worm wheel is arranged on one side of the worm seat facing the swing angle worm wheel, a convex square platform is arranged on one side of the concave cambered surface close to the connecting piece, and a fan-shaped concave part is arranged on one side of the swing angle worm wheel close to the connecting piece.

5. The suction hood device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the suction hood comprises an opening and a closing surface, the opening and the closing surface together form a suction chamber, and a guiding included angle is formed between the opening and the closing surface.

6. The suction hood device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the duct assembly comprises a hollow coaxial connecting tube and a union, the union is sleeved outside the connecting tube, an outer semicircular groove is formed in the outer surface of the connecting tube, an inner semicircular groove is formed in the inner surface of the union, a circular channel is formed by the outer semicircular groove and the inner semicircular groove together, and balls are densely distributed in the circular channel and can roll in the circular channel.

7. The suction hood device according to claim 6, wherein the outer surface of the connecting tube is provided with a sealing groove, and a sealing ring is arranged in the sealing groove.