CN109464675B - Preparation method and application of triptolide-carboxylated chitosan coupling drug - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a triptolide-carboxylated chitosan coupling drug, which comprises the following steps: (1) and synthesizing an intermediate carboxylated triptolide (TP-L): (2) synthesis of triptolide-carboxylation chitosan coupling drug (TP-L-CChit); the triptolide-carboxylation chitosan coupling drug (TP-L-CChit) prepared by the method is used as a prodrug for preparing drugs for treating rheumatoid arthritis, tumors and Alzheimer disease; the invention has simple method, easy production and preparation, high yield, rich and easily obtained raw materials, good water solubility, long biological half-life period, high utilization degree, no toxic or side effect and good curative effect, is an innovation in preparing the medicine for treating rheumatoid arthritis, tumors and Alzheimer disease, and has obvious economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to medicine, in particular to a preparation method and application of a triptolide-carboxylated chitosan coupling drug.
Background
Triptolide (TPL), also known as tripterygium wilfordii vinegar and tripterygium wilfordii vinegar alcohol, is an epoxy diterpene vinegar compound extracted from roots, leaves, flowers and fruits of tripterygium wilfordii, and has broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Research shows that the 12, 13-epoxy group in the triptolide molecular structure is the main anti-inflammatory active structure, and the 9, 11-epoxy-14 beta-hydroxyl structure is the effective anti-tumor molecular structure. Modern medical research reveals that TPL can inhibit angiogenesis, slow down pannus formation and synovial membrane proliferation to relieve erosion and destruction effects on articular cartilage and bone, and play a role in treating rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, TPL specifically regulates certain proteins and signaling pathways, induces DNA damage, inhibits extensive gene transcription, and thereby reduces tumor cell replication. Since TPL is insoluble in water, its action in mice is less than ideal. The new water-soluble drugs are finally obtained by processing the drugs, and the new water-soluble drugs comprise derivative products such as the minnesemetine A, the triptolide (T4), the 5-hydroxytriptolide and the like, and part of the new water-soluble drugs are used in clinical experiments. However, after the small molecule drugs are diffused and distributed in vivo, the small molecule drugs are easy to be cleared by metabolism, so that the half-life period of the drugs in vivo is short. Therefore, the research and development of new formulations with long biological half-life, small toxic and side effect, good water solubility and high bioavailability have important practical significance. In recent years, a prodrug using chitosan as a carrier can significantly improve the pharmacokinetics of a drug in vivo. The chitosan is a natural biological polysaccharide and has good biocompatibility and biodegradability. The carboxylated chitosan is a derivative with negative charge, is more beneficial to exist in blood for a long time, reduces the clearance of the medicine, and improves the bioavailability of the medicine. The application aims at the problems to prepare the triptolide-carboxylated chitosan coupling drug, namely, the carboxylated chitosan is used as a basic skeleton, and the triptolide is coupled to the skeleton through a covalent bond to obtain a macromolecular prodrug. When the prodrug reaches the focus part and is stimulated by the environment of the target part, the medicine is separated from the skeleton and releases active ingredients to exert curative effect, but how to couple the triptolide and the carboxylated shell sugar together is realized, so that the problems of short biological half-life period, large toxic and side effects and low bioavailability of the medicine are solved, and no public report is found so far.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a triptolide-carboxylated chitosan conjugate drug, which can effectively solve the problems of high toxic and side effects, poor water solubility and short biological half-life of triptolide.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the preparation method of the triptolide-carboxylation chitosan coupling drug comprises the following chemical structural formula:
wherein X is 0.05-0.1, y is 0.1-0.3, z is 0.2-0.8, n is 0-3, and carboxylated chitosan (CChit) has a molecular weight of 10-100 kDa;
the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) and synthesizing an intermediate carboxylated triptolide (TP-L): dissolving triptolide in pyridine, adding anhydride and 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) at a molar ratio of 1:1-4, stirring at 0-25 deg.C under nitrogen protection for 12-24h, adding dichloromethane, washing with saturated copper sulfate solution and water for 1-3 times to obtain organic phase, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and adding CH at volume ratio2Cl2:CH3Purifying the mixed solution with OH 20-15:1 by using a silica gel chromatographic column of a mobile phase, and recrystallizing by using dichloromethane-acetone-ethyl ether to obtain a hydroxyl functionalized intermediate carboxylated triptolide (TP-L);
(2) and synthesis of triptolide-carboxylation chitosan coupling drug (TP-L-CChit): dissolving the carboxylated triptolide (TP-L) obtained in the step (1) in anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution, and then adding N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI), wherein the molar ratio of the carboxylated triptolide (TP-L), the N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and the 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI) is 1: (1.5-3): (3-6), stirring and reacting for 4-12h in the dark at 0-25 ℃ to obtain a first reaction solution, dissolving carboxylated chitosan in a mixed solution of borate buffer solution and anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), wherein the molar ratio of the carboxylated chitosan to the carboxylated triptolide (TP-L) is 10-100:1, the volume ratio of the borate buffer solution to the anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is 1-3:1, and the reaction is carried out for 12-24h at 0-25 ℃ to obtain a second reaction solution, adding the second reaction solution into the first reaction solution, stirring for 24h to obtain a third reaction solution, transferring the third reaction solution into a dialysis bag with the molecular weight cutoff of 3500Da, dialyzing for 3 times by using double distilled water for 16h each time, and freeze-drying to obtain the triptolide-carboxylated chitosan coupling drug (TP-L-CChit);
the acid anhydride is one of malonic anhydride, succinic anhydride (also called succinic anhydride), glutaric anhydride and adipic anhydride;
the deacetylation degree of the carboxylated chitosan is 92%, and the carboxymethyl degree is 70%.
The triptolide-carboxylated chitosan conjugate drug (TP-L-CChit) prepared by the method is used as a prodrug for preparing drugs for treating rheumatoid arthritis, tumors and Alzheimer's disease.
The invention has simple method, easy production and preparation, high yield, rich and easily obtained raw materials, good water solubility, long biological half-life period, high utilization degree, no toxic or side effect and good curative effect, is an innovation in preparing the medicine for treating rheumatoid arthritis, tumors and Alzheimer disease, and has obvious economic and social benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the synthesis process of triptolide-carboxylated chitosan conjugate drug (TP-L4-CChit);
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the result of TP cytotoxicity test on RAW 264.7;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the result of TP-L4-CChit on RAW264.7 cytotoxicity test.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1: the invention relates to a preparation method of triptolide-carboxylated chitosan coupling drug, which comprises the following steps: (1) and synthesizing an intermediate carboxylated triptolide (TP-L3): dissolving 1800mg (5mmol) triptolide in 10mL pyridine, adding malonic anhydride 1720mg (20mmol) and 122mg (1mmol) 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), reacting at room temperature under nitrogen protection for 24h while stirring, adding 100mL dichloromethane, washing with saturated copper sulfate solution and water for 1-3 times, taking an organic phase, drying the organic phase with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then using the volume ratio of CH2Cl2:CH3Purifying the mixed solution with OH 20-15:1 by silica gel chromatography column of mobile phase, and recrystallizing with dichloromethane-acetone-diethyl ether to obtain hydroxy-functionalized intermediate carboxylated triptolide (TP-L3);
(2) synthesis of triptolide-carboxylation chitosan coupling drug (TP-L3-CChit): 147mg (0.33mmol) of the carboxylated triptolide (TP-L3) obtained in the step (1) is dissolved in 9ml of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution, then 150mg (1.32mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 76mg (0.40mmol) of 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI) are added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature in the dark for 4 hours to obtain a first reaction solution, 1500mg of carboxylated chitosan is dissolved in a mixed solution of 100ml of borate buffer solution with pH 10 and 41ml of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and (3) obtaining a second reaction solution, adding the second reaction solution into the first reaction solution, stirring for 24h to obtain a third reaction solution, transferring the third reaction solution into a dialysis bag with the molecular weight cutoff of 3500Da, dialyzing with double distilled water for 3 times, each time for 16h, and freeze-drying to obtain the triptolide-carboxylation chitosan coupling drug (TP-L3-CChit).
Example 2: the invention relates to a preparation method of triptolide-carboxylated chitosan coupling drug, which comprises the following steps: (1) and synthesizing an intermediate carboxylated triptolide (TP-L4): dissolving 360mg (1mmol) triptolide in 5mL pyridine, adding succinic anhydride 400mg (4mmol) and 24mg (0.2mmol) 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), reacting under nitrogen protection at room temperature for 24h under stirring, adding 60mL dichloromethane, and respectively adding saturated copper sulfate solutionWashing with water for 1-3 times, collecting organic phase, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and adding CH2Cl2:CH3Purifying the mixed solution with OH 20-15:1 by silica gel chromatography column of mobile phase, and recrystallizing with dichloromethane-acetone-diethyl ether to obtain hydroxy-functionalized intermediate carboxylated triptolide (TP-L4);
(2) synthesis of triptolide-carboxylation chitosan coupling drug (TP-L4-CChit): dissolving 100mg (0.22mmol) of carboxylated triptolide (TP-L4) obtained in the step (1) in 9ml of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution, then 100mg (0.88mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 50.7mg (0.26mmol) of 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI) are added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 4 hours in the dark to obtain a first reaction solution, 1000mg of carboxylated chitosan is dissolved in a mixed solution of 100ml of borate buffer solution with pH value of 10 and 41ml of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and (3) obtaining a second reaction solution, adding the second reaction solution into the first reaction solution, stirring for 24h to obtain a third reaction solution, transferring the third reaction solution into a dialysis bag with the molecular weight cutoff of 3500Da, dialyzing with double distilled water for 3 times, each time for 16h, and freeze-drying to obtain the triptolide-carboxylation chitosan coupling drug (TP-L4-CChit).
Example 3: the invention relates to a preparation method of triptolide-carboxylated chitosan coupling drug, which comprises the following steps: (1) and synthesizing an intermediate carboxylated triptolide (TP-L5): dissolving 900mg (2.5mmol) triptolide in 10mL pyridine, adding glutaric anhydride 912mg (8mmol) and 62mg (0.5mmol) 4-dimethylamino pyridine (DMAP), reacting for 24h under nitrogen protection and stirring at room temperature, adding 100mL dichloromethane, washing with saturated copper sulfate solution and water for 1-3 times, collecting organic phase, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and adding CH at volume ratio2Cl2:CH3Purifying the mixed solution with OH 20-15:1 by silica gel chromatography column of mobile phase, and recrystallizing with dichloromethane-acetone-diethyl ether to obtain hydroxy-functionalized intermediate carboxylated triptolide (TP-L5);
(2) synthesis of triptolide-carboxylation chitosan coupling drug (TP-L5-CChit): dissolving 100mg (0.21mmol) of carboxylated triptolide (TP-L5) obtained in the step (1) in 9ml of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution, then 100mg (0.88mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 50.7mg (0.26mmol) of 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI) are added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 4 hours in the dark to obtain a first reaction solution, 1000mg of carboxylated chitosan is dissolved in a mixed solution of 100ml of borate buffer solution with pH value of 10 and 41ml of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and (3) obtaining a second reaction solution, adding the second reaction solution into the first reaction solution, stirring for 24h to obtain a third reaction solution, transferring the third reaction solution into a dialysis bag with the molecular weight cutoff of 3500Da, dialyzing with double distilled water for 3 times, each time for 16h, and freeze-drying to obtain the triptolide-carboxylation chitosan coupling drug (TP-L5-CChit).
Example 4: the invention relates to a preparation method of triptolide-carboxylated chitosan coupling drug, which comprises the following steps: (1) and synthesizing an intermediate carboxylated triptolide (TP-L6): dissolving 900mg (2.5mmol) triptolide in 10mL pyridine, adding 1280mg (10mmol) adipic anhydride and 62mg (0.5mmol) 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), reacting for 24h under nitrogen protection and stirring at room temperature, adding 100mL dichloromethane, washing with saturated copper sulfate solution and water for 1-3 times, collecting organic phase, drying with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and adding CH in volume ratio2Cl2:CH3Purifying the mixed solution with OH 20-15:1 by silica gel chromatography column of mobile phase, and recrystallizing with dichloromethane-acetone-diethyl ether to obtain hydroxy-functionalized intermediate carboxylated triptolide (TP-L6);
(2) synthesis of triptolide-carboxylation chitosan coupling drug (TP-L6-CChit): 50mg (0.104mmol) of the carboxylated triptolide (TP-L6) obtained in the step (1) is dissolved in 5ml of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution, then 50mg (0.44mmol) of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and 25mg (0.13mmol) of 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDCI) are added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature in the dark for 4 hours to obtain a first reaction solution, 500mg of carboxylated chitosan is dissolved in a mixed solution of 50ml of borate buffer solution with pH 10 and 20ml of anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and (3) obtaining a second reaction solution, adding the second reaction solution into the first reaction solution, stirring for 24h to obtain a third reaction solution, transferring the third reaction solution into a dialysis bag with the molecular weight cutoff of 3500Da, dialyzing with double distilled water for 3 times, each time for 16h, and freeze-drying to obtain the triptolide-carboxylation chitosan coupling drug (TP-L5-CChit).
Through repeated experiments, the prepared triptolide-carboxylated chitosan conjugate drug has better in vitro stability and proper drug loading rate, and greatly improves the water solubility of triptolide. TP-L4-CChit has obvious attenuation and synergy effects on mouse mononuclear macrophages, thereby improving the curative effect of triptolide on treating inflammation, and the related experimental data are as follows:
(1) synthesis and structure characterization of triptolide-carboxylation chitosan coupling drug II (TP-L4-CChit)
Taking the coupled drug bis (TP-L4-CChit) as an example, as shown in FIG. 1, a synthetic scheme of the invention is shown, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum characterization is respectively carried out on an intermediate (TP-L4) and a target product TP-L4-CChit, and the results are as follows:
TP-L4：1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ4.984(s,1H),4.76-4.87(q,2H),3.95-3.96(d,J＝3.2Hz,1H),3.68-3.69(d,J＝2.5Hz,1H),3.55-3.56(d,J＝5.0Hz,1H),2.50-2.63(m,5H),2.10-2.24(m,2H),1.96-1.97(m,1H),1.85-1.90(m,1H),1.77-1.83(m,1H),1.28-1.32(m,2H),0.92(s,3H),0.85-0.87(d,J＝7.0Hz,3H),0.74-0.75(d,J＝7.0Hz,3H)；13C NMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6)δ173.73,174.57,172.00,162.64,123.58,71.39,70.69,63.75,63.21,61.37,59.71,55.41,54.89,35.50,29.61,29.34,29.15,27.55,22.80,17.87,17.05,16.97,14.27；ESI-MS m/z calcd for C24H28O9Na[M+Na]+483.16,found483.16.
TP-L4-CChit：1H NMR(500MHz,D2O)δ4.48(s,12H),3.44-3.68(m,64H),3.02-3.13(m,12H),2.79-2.80(m,8H),2.64(s,2H),2.23(m,52H),1.98(m,4H),1.81(m,5H),1.23(s,2H),0.98-1.01(t,5H),0.91(d,1H),0.74(d,1H),0.78(d,1H).
other coupling drugs are determined to be triptolide-carboxylation chitosan coupling drugs by the same method, and are not listed.
(2) Water solubility test
The conjugate drug was dissolved in 1mL of purified water and saturated, and the saturated concentration of TP-L4-CChit was determined by UV-vis spectroscopy at 218nm as follows: 5 mg/mL. Triptolide is insoluble in water, and experimental results show that the coupling drug greatly improves the water solubility of TP.
(3) In vitro stability
4mg of each conjugate was added to 1mL of PBS (pH7.4), mouse serum and culture medium (10% FBS), and 100. mu.L of each conjugate was sampled at 37 ℃ and extracted with dichloromethane before HPLC analysis, which was completed after 12 hours. The results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
(4) Drug loading
Adding 10mg of coupling drug into 1.0mL of NaOH (6N), hydrolyzing at 30 ℃ for 0.4h, neutralizing with 1.0mL of HCl (6N), adding 1mL of dichloromethane, extracting, and performing HPLC analysis, wherein the coupling drug contains 1% of TP by mass and has water solubility of 5 mg/mL; the coupling drug contains 10 percent of TP by mass and has water solubility of 0.4mg/mL, namely the water solubility of the drug is inversely related to the drug loading capacity.
(5) Cytotoxicity test
Adding the drugs into grouped cell culture solution respectively, and placing at 37 deg.C and 5% CO2And (3) incubating in an incubator for 24h, adding 10 mu L of CCK-8 reagent (Cell Counting Kit WST-8, CCK Kit water-soluble tetrazolium salt, and olmer organism) solution into each well, placing the solution in the incubator for further incubation at I h, terminating the incubation, and measuring the absorbance of each well at the wavelength of 450nm on a microplate reader to represent the proliferation level of each well. The calculation formula is as follows, and the data are plotted by GraphPad Prism7 software, and the results are shown in fig. 2.
Cell viability (%) ═ a(adding medicine)-A(blank)]/[A(0 adding drugs)-A(blank)]×100
A(adding medicine): absorbance of wells with cells, CCK solution and drug solution;
A(blank): absorbance of wells with medium and CCK solution without cells;
A(0 adding drugs): absorbance of wells with cells, CCK solution, but no drug solution.
TP and TP-L4-CChit concentrations of 2.5,5,10,20,40,80,160,320ng/ml (effective TP concentration) were incubated for 24h (left) and 48h (right), respectively, in a RAW264.7 cytotoxicity assay.
Results of cytotoxicity experiments: as shown in fig. 3, the cell survival rates of the original drug TP 24h and 48h are both 0, while the cell survival rates of the coupled drug TP-L4-CChit 24h are 100% and 48h are 70%, as shown by the difference between the coupled drug TP-L4-CChit and the control original drug TP at the same concentration (e.g., 40ng/ml) and at different time nodes (24h and 48 h); table 1 shows that the half-inhibitory concentration of the coupled drug TP-L4-CChit on cells is obviously higher than that of the control original drug TP by 5 times (24h) and 4 times (48 h).
TABLE 2 TP and TP-L4-CChit inhibition of RAW264.7 cells
IC50Half inhibitory concentration
The results show that the cell proliferation inhibiting effect of the two drugs containing equivalent components is positively correlated with the drug concentration, but the cytotoxicity of the coupling drug TP-L4-CChit is reduced by about 5 times compared with that of the original drug TP (shown in Table 2), and the cell survival rate difference of the same concentration at different time nodes (24h and 48h) shows that the coupling drug effectively plays a slow-release role in the cell proliferation stage, so that the cytotoxicity is reduced, and the drug effect is fully utilized.
In conclusion, the triptolide-carboxylated chitosan conjugate medicament TP-L4-CChit has good in-vitro stability and proper drug loading rate, and greatly improves the water solubility of triptolide. TP-L4-CChit has obvious attenuation and synergy effects on mouse mononuclear macrophages, thereby improving the curative effect of triptolide on treating inflammation.
The intermediate TP-L of the invention firstly reacts with a combined catalyst NHS/EDC to obtain an activated ester which can directly react with free amine on the carboxylation chitosan to obtain the TP-L-CChit coupled drug. The carrier raw material of the triptolide-carboxylated chitosan coupling drug has good water solubility, biodegradability, no toxicity, no harm and low price, and the carboxylated chitosan with negative charge is prevented from being absorbed and phagocytized by reticuloendothelial cells, macrophages and the like.
Claims (2)
1. A triptolide-carboxylation chitosan coupling drug has a chemical structural formula as follows:
wherein X is 0.05-0.1, y is 0.1-0.3, z is 0.2-0.8, n is 0-3, and carboxylated chitosan (CChit) has a molecular weight of 10-100 kDa.
2. The use of the triptolide-carboxylated chitosan conjugate drug of claim 1 in the preparation of a medicament for treating rheumatoid arthritis, tumors, and alzheimer's disease.
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| CN112618729A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-04-09 | 河南中医药大学 | Preparation method and application of tripterine-chitosan oligosaccharide coupling drug |
| CN115317451A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2022-11-11 | 河南中医药大学 | Cel-CSO/Taxol NPs nano-medicine and application thereof |
| CN116874545B (en) * | 2023-09-07 | 2024-01-05 | 山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院) | Coupling medicine, preparation method thereof and application of coupling medicine in preparation of medicine for treating rheumatoid arthritis synovium |
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| CN105121455B (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2017-06-16 | 香港浸会大学 | New triptolide derivative and its production and use |
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