CN109459533A - A kind of steam wetness measurement devices and methods therefor - Google Patents
A kind of steam wetness measurement devices and methods therefor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of steam wetness measurement devices and methods therefors, including sampling pipe, measurement pipe, regulating valve, cooling device, measuring tank, the entrance of sampling pipe is equipped with platinum resistance, sampling pipe outlet is connect with the import of measurement pipe, the outlet of measurement pipe is connected with cooling device by regulating valve, orifice plate is successively arranged in measurement pipe from import to outlet, pressure-temperature sensor, heater and temperature sensor, the outlet of cooling device is equipped with triple valve, two outlets of triple valve are separately connected drainpipe and weep pipe, measuring tank is located at the lower section of weep pipe, the bottom of measuring tank is equipped with discharging valve, measuring tank divides into force sensor.The present invention can on-line measurement drum steam moisture, measuring device is relatively easy, and overall accuracy is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to steam wetness measurement technical fields, and in particular to a kind of steam wetness measurement devices and methods therefor.
Background technique
In steam boiler, steam heating system, steam wetness measurement and control, for ensureing that equipment safety and economy are transported
Row guarantees that product quality is significant.
Steam wetness measurement principle is more with method at present, there is chlorine root method, flow limit method, optical method, tracer method, ultrasonic wave
Method, microwave method, capacitance method etc..Chlorine root method uses more at present, but measures that complicated, error is larger；Flow limit method principle is simple, reproduction
Property it is good but less accurate；Optical method can on-line measurement, but price is more expensive, and arbitrariness is also big for measurement result, and use condition is harsh；Show
The measurement of track agent method is calibrated, but cannot be online, expensive, complicated for operation；Ultrasonic wave, microwave, capacitance method are still in research, development
Stage, and the steam wetness measurement in the case of unsuitable higher temperature.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention proposes one kind according to thermodynamic principles, the principle of mass conservation
Steam wetness measurement devices and methods therefor, can on-line measurement steam moisture.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of steam wetness measurement device, including sampling pipe, measurement pipe, regulating valve, cooling device, measuring tank, it is described to adopt
The entrance of sample pipe is equipped with platinum resistance, and the sampling pipe outlet is connect with the import of the measurement pipe, the outlet of the measurement pipe
It is connected with the cooling device by regulating valve, is successively arranged orifice plate in the measurement pipe from import to outlet, pressure and temp passes
Sensor, heater and temperature sensor, the outlet of the cooling device are equipped with triple valve, and two outlets of the triple valve are distinguished
Drainpipe and weep pipe are connected, the measuring tank is located at the lower section of the weep pipe, and the bottom of the measuring tank is equipped with discharging valve,
The measuring tank divides into force sensor.
Preferably, further including humidity display instrument, controller, the platinum resistance, pressure are equipped in the humidity display instrument
Temperature sensor, temperature sensor, regulating valve, triple valve, heater, discharging valve, force snesor are connect with the controller,
Display is additionally provided on the humidity display instrument, the display is connect with the controller.
Preferably, the outer wall of the sampling pipe is equipped with screw thread, the rear of the screw thread is equipped with sealing baffle, described close
High-temperature resistant sealing pad is additionally provided with before block plate.
Preferably, the tube wall of the sampling pipe entrance is equipped with groove, the platinum resistance is located in the groove, institute
It states sampling pipe import and is additionally provided with through-flow turncap, the through-flow turncap screws rear cover residence and states groove.
Preferably, being equipped with insulating layer on the outside of the measurement pipe, stainless steel pillar is additionally provided with outside the insulating layer.
Preferably, setting before pressure-temperature sensor in the measurement pipe, there are two orifice plates.
Preferably, being equipped with thermal insulation layer outside the regulating valve and cooling device.
Preferably, the measuring tank has four force snesors, four force snesors are equal along measuring tank base circumference
It is even, be arranged symmetrically.
A kind of steam wetness measurement method, comprising the following steps: (1) start steam wetness measurement device, pass through platinum resistance
Measure drum steam inside temperature t1, steam stream crosses the pressure p after orifice plate2, temperature t2, measured by pressure-temperature sensor, steam
After flowing further through heater, pressure is basically unchanged, p3≈p2, temperature t3, measured by temperature sensor, according to steady flow energy
Amount equation and energy balance relations can calculate steam mass flow m and steam moisture W；(2) steam wetness measurement device is stablized
After a period of work, humidity display instrument control triple valve drains outward, discharging valve also drains outward simultaneously；Measuring tank emptying
Afterwards, display shows measuring tank slack tank quality at this time, and then triple valve drains downwards, discharging valve is closed simultaneously, and measuring tank starts
Water；After water, the steam mass flow m that is measured with measuring tankzqThe sampling steam mass flow m measured instead of heater.
Preferably, the circular of steam mass flow m and steam moisture W are as follows:
According to steady-flow energy equation formula, there is following relationship:
In formula, q is thermal loss, h1For the enthalpy of sampling pipe entrance steam, h2For the steam before heater in measurement pipe
Enthalpy, c1For the flow velocity of sampling pipe entrance steam, c2For the flow velocity of the steam before heater in measurement pipe, g is gravity constant, z1
For the height of sampling pipe entrance；z2For the height before heater in measurement pipe；
c1≈ 0, q ≈ 0, z2=z1, reduced equation can obtain:
According to energy balance relations, can obtain:
N=f (h3-h2)m
In formula, N is the electric thermal power of heater, and f is measurement coefficient；h2For the enthalpy of the steam before heater in measurement pipe, h3
For the enthalpy of the steam after heater in measurement pipe, m is that heater segment steam tests mass flow；
Pressure p of the steam before heater2, temperature t2It is measured by pressure-temperature sensor, after steam flows through heater, pressure
Power is basically unchanged, p3≈p2, temperature t3It is measured by temperature sensor, according to pressure p2, temperature t2, can be checked in using superheated steam table
Enthalpy h2, density p2；According to pressure p3, temperature t3, enthalpy h can be checked in using superheated steam table3；
Assignment f=1 is originated, heater segment steam test mass flow m can be acquired using following formula:
M can be calculated again with following formula:
It is obtained through fortran:
In formula, m is that heater segment steam tests mass flow, and d is measurement bore, c2Before heater in measurement pipe
The flow velocity of steam, ρ2For the density of the steam before heater in measurement pipe；
Platinum resistance measures sampling pipe entrance temperature t1, according to the saturation steam table that temperature sorts, can check in corresponding full
With water enthalpy h ' and saturated vapor enthalpy h ".Enthalpy h1Expression formula it is as follows:
h1=h ' W+h " (1-W)
In formula, h1For the enthalpy of sampling pipe entrance steam, h ' is sampling pipe entrance temperature t1Corresponding saturated water enthalpy, h "
For sampling pipe entrance temperature t1Corresponding saturated vapor enthalpy, W are steam moisture；
When calibration, steam mass flow m is accurately measured using measuring tankzq, then measurement coefficient f=m/mzq=A.F assignment from
1 is changed to A, recalculates m.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. can on-line measurement drum steam moisture, measuring device is relatively easy, and overall accuracy is high.
2. measurable steam moisture range is big, it is able to satisfy the steam wetness measurement needs of higher temperature levels.
3. selecting high-precision sensor, testing process is less, and effectively controls error formative factor.
4. using the corresponding calculation of measured data of high-precision force sensor caliberating, final result is more acurrate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is structural schematic diagram of the invention.
Reference signs list:
1- platinum resistance；2- sampling pipe；3- screw thread；4- sealing baffle；5- pressure-temperature sensor；6- temperature sensor；7-
Insulating layer；8- measurement pipe；9- regulating valve；10- cooling device；11- measuring tank；12- discharging valve；13- is through-flow turncap；14- orifice plate；
15- heater；16- discharges water button；17- water button；18- triple valve；19- power knob；20- demarcates button；21- humidity is aobvious
Show instrument；22- display；23- signal input output end；24- force snesor.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of steam wetness measurement device, including sampling pipe 2, measurement pipe 8, regulating valve 9, cooling device
10, measuring tank 11, the entrance of sampling pipe 2 are equipped with platinum resistance 1, and the outlet of sampling pipe 2 is connect with the import of measurement pipe 8, measurement pipe 8
Outlet and cooling device 10 be connected by regulating valve 9, orifice plate 14, pressure temperature are successively arranged in measurement pipe 8 from import to outlet
Sensor 5, heater 15 and temperature sensor 6 are spent, the outlet of cooling device 10 is equipped with triple valve 18, and two of triple valve 18 go out
Mouth is separately connected drainpipe and weep pipe, and measuring tank 11 is located at the lower section of weep pipe, and the bottom of measuring tank 11 is equipped with discharging valve 12,
Measuring tank 11 divides into force sensor 24.
Steam wetness measurement device further includes humidity display instrument 21, is equipped with controller in humidity display instrument 21, platinum resistance 1,
Pressure-temperature sensor 5, temperature sensor 6, regulating valve 9, triple valve 18, heater 15, discharging valve 12, force snesor 24 with
Controller connects, and is additionally provided with display 22 on humidity display instrument 21, display 22 is connect with controller.
The button 16 that discharges water, water button 17, power knob 19, calibration button are additionally provided on humidity display instrument 21 in this example
20, signal input output end 23.Humidity display instrument 21 is for detecting signal, processing data, control process, display measurement ginseng
Number.Signal input output end 23, which receives, comes from platinum resistance 1, pressure-temperature sensor 5, heater 15, temperature sensor 6, power
The signal of sensor 24, the signal that output control triple valve 18, discharging valve 12 are opened and closed.Display 22 is liquid crystal display, display
Device 22 shows drum steam moisture W, temperature t1, 15 steam pressure p of heater2, temperature rise Δ t, sampling steam mass flow m, metering
11 gross mass G of tank.
The outer wall of sampling pipe 2 is equipped with screw thread 3, and the rear of screw thread 3 is equipped with sealing baffle 4.Screw thread 3 is for installing sampling pipe
2, sampling pipe 2 protrudes into the drum vapor space in this example, is fixed by screw thread 3 with drum, sampling pipe 2 installs rear sealing baffle 4
It is close to drum outer wall, plays the role of sealing, in order to enhance sealing effect, be additionally provided with high temperature resistant between drum and sealing baffle 4
Gasket seal.
The tube wall of 2 entrance of sampling pipe is equipped with groove, and in the grooves, 2 import of sampling pipe is additionally provided with through-flow platinum resistance 1
Turncap 13, through-flow turncap 13 cover groove after screwing.2 front and back outer diameter of sampling pipe is constant.Platinum resistance 1 is for measuring steam in drum
Temperature, platinum resistance 1 is using the double rising sun film-type platinum resistance in Shanghai in this example, and model MWFT1, measurement range -79~400 DEG C allow
Error ± 0.3+0.005 ︱ t ︱ DEG C.
Sampling pipe 2 is combined with measurement pipe 8, formation L-type testing element, and the material of main part of sampling pipe 2 and measurement pipe 8 is stainless
Steel, 8 rear end of measurement pipe screw in regulating valve 9.Measurement pipe 8 from left to right arranges two pieces of orifice plates 14, pressure-temperature sensor 5, heating
Device 15, temperature sensor 6, measurement pipe 8 are L shape, the steering of 90 ° of rear portion；The effect of orifice plate 14 is to strengthen restriction effect；Measurement pipe 8
Outer cladding insulating layer 7, material are ultra-fine fibre glass, 450 DEG C of maximum operation (service) temperature；Stainless steel pillar is housed outside insulating layer 7.
In this example, pressure-temperature sensor 5 selects mountain as PT131,0~1MPa of pressure range~200MPa, temperature range 0
~200~400 DEG C, 0.35 grade of precision；Proof armored platinum resistor of the temperature sensor 6 using the production of three factory of Shanghai instrument and meter for automation, type
Number WZPK2-265SA, measurement range -200~500 DEG C, allowable error ± 0.15+0.002 ︱ t ︱ DEG C.The electric heating function of heater 15
DP3-W200 digital display power meter of the rate measurement using three friendly instrument and meter for automation Co., Ltd productions, 0~200W of range, measurement error
± 0.2 word of ± 0.5%FS.
Cooling device 10 use water-cooling pattern, be responsible for the steam of sampling be cooled to water (water temperature control at 50 degree hereinafter, cold
But 10 bottom of device sets common direct reading thermometer, 1.5 grades of precision), connect thereon regulating valve 9, under connect triple valve 18；Cooling device
10 surfaces need are suitably heat-insulated, prevent from scalding；Regulating valve 9 is also required to appropriate heat-insulated.Therefore it is all provided with outside regulating valve 9 and cooling device 10
There is thermal insulation layer.
Measuring tank 11 has four force snesors 24, and four force snesors 24 are uniform, right along 11 base circumference of measuring tank
Claim arrangement.Cooperate time parameter, measuring tank 11 can accurate measurement water mass flow, force snesor 24 used in this example is upper
Marine products circular plate type, model N10A-50, weigh 0~50kg of range, and 0.2 grade of precision, 11 gross mass of measuring tank i.e. four power algebraical sums；
Measuring tank 11 is intake all cooled down by sampling steam from, be exactly to sample steam mass flow on the mass flow values of water.Meter
11 bottom of measuring tank is equipped with discharging valve 12, slack tank quality Gg, steam mass flow mzq, G=Gg+mzq, gross mass G must not exceed
180kg。
Utilize the steam wetness measurement method of above-mentioned apparatus, comprising the following steps:
(1) after the starting of steam wetness measurement device, drum steam inside temperature t is measured by platinum resistance 11, steam stream
Pressure p after crossing orifice plate 142, temperature t2, it is measured by pressure-temperature sensor 5, after steam flows further through heater 15, pressure
It is basically unchanged, p3≈p2, temperature t3, it is measured by temperature sensor 6, it can according to steady-flow energy equation and energy balance relations
To calculate steam mass flow m and steam moisture W.
(2) steam wetness measurement device steady operation for a period of time after, press power knob 19, humidity display instrument 21 is powered
Work；Press the button 16 that discharges water, draining, the simultaneously also draining outward of discharging valve 12 outward of triple valve 18；After measuring tank 11 empties, this
When display 22 show 11 slack tank quality of measuring tank, press water button 17, the draining downwards of triple valve 18, discharging valve 12 closes simultaneously
It closes, measuring tank 11 starts water；After long period water, calibration button 20, the steam matter measured at this time with measuring tank 11 are pressed
Measure flow mzqThe sampling steam mass flow m measured instead of heater 15, display 22 show updated steam moisture, sampling
Steam mass flow, the steam moisture measured are more accurate；If 11 water of measuring tank is too many, the button 16 that discharges water can be pressed again,
Repeat relevant operation.
Drum steam inside temperature t1, enthalpy h1, humidity W, flow velocity c1≈ 0, platinum resistance 1 can measure t1；Steam stream crosses orifice plate 14
After (two pieces), pressure p2, temperature t2, measured by pressure-temperature sensor 5, enthalpy h2, flow velocity c2；Steam flows further through heater
After 15, pressure is basically unchanged, p3≈p2, temperature t3, measured by temperature sensor 6, enthalpy h3, temperature rise Δ t=t3-t2；Pass through metering
Tank 11 can accurately measure the mass flow m of sampling steamzq。
The circular of steam mass flow m and steam moisture W are as follows:
According to steady-flow energy equation formula, there is following relationship:
In formula, q is thermal loss, h1For the enthalpy of 2 entrance steam of sampling pipe, h2For the steaming before heater 15 in measurement pipe 8
The enthalpy of vapour, c1For the flow velocity of 2 entrance steam of sampling pipe, c2For the flow velocity of the steam before heater 15 in measurement pipe 8, g is gravity
Constant, z1For the height of 2 entrance of sampling pipe；z2For the height before heater 15 in measurement pipe 8；
Between the steam at drum steam and pressure-temperature sensor 5, drum close beta element is without heat dissipation, external survey
Examination element is well kept the temperature, therefore q ≈ 0；Testing element is horizontal positioned, z2=z1, reduced equation can obtain:
According to energy balance relations, can obtain:
N=f (h3-h2)m
In formula, N is the electric thermal power of heater 15, and f is measurement coefficient；h2For the steam before heater 15 in measurement pipe 8
Enthalpy, h3For the enthalpy of the steam after heater 15 in measurement pipe 8, m is that 15 sections of steam of heater test mass flow；
Pressure p of the steam before heater 152, temperature t2It is measured by pressure-temperature sensor 5, steam flows through heater 15
Afterwards, pressure is basically unchanged, p3≈p2, temperature t3It is measured by temperature sensor 6, according to pressure p2, temperature t2, utilize superheated steam table
Enthalpy h can be checked in2, density p2；According to pressure p3, temperature t3, enthalpy h can be checked in using superheated steam table3；
Due to pressure-temperature sensor 5, the temperature sensor 6 only related parameter of measurement pipe axis center, therefore 15 sections of energy of heater
Amount equilibrium equation is suitably corrected with measurement coefficient f, originates assignment f=1,15 sections of steam test mass flow m of heater can benefit
It is acquired with following formula:
M can be calculated again with following formula:
It is obtained through fortran:
In formula, m is that 15 sections of steam of heater test mass flow, and d is 8 internal diameter of measurement pipe, c2For heater in measurement pipe 8
The flow velocity of steam before 15, ρ2For the density of the steam before heater 15 in measurement pipe 8；
Platinum resistance 1 measures 2 entrance temperature t of sampling pipe1, according to the saturation steam table that temperature sorts, can check in corresponding
Saturated water enthalpy h ' and saturated vapor enthalpy h ".Enthalpy h1Expression formula it is as follows:
h1=h ' W+h " (1-W)
In formula, h1For the enthalpy of 2 entrance steam of sampling pipe, h ' is 2 entrance temperature t of sampling pipe1Corresponding saturated water enthalpy,
H " is 2 entrance temperature t of sampling pipe1Corresponding saturated vapor enthalpy, W are steam moisture；
When calibration, steam mass flow m is accurately measured using measuring tank 11zq, then measurement coefficient f=m/mzq=A.F assignment
It is changed to A from 1, recalculates m, m is more acurrate at this time, and substantially without influence, 15 sections of heat dissipations of heater influence more adjustment electric thermal power N
It is small.Related formula calculates one time again, and the steam moisture W finally obtained is more acurrate.
This steam wetness measurement devices and methods therefor uses high-precision sensor, it is contemplated that flow velocity inside testing element
It influences, it is contemplated that relevant surfaces heat preservation, while can be often to important parameter calibration, thus moisture measurement range is bigger, measurement essence
Degree significantly improves.
The technical means disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention is not limited only to technological means disclosed in above embodiment, further includes
Technical solution consisting of any combination of the above technical features.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art
For, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also considered as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of steam wetness measurement device, which is characterized in that including sampling pipe, measurement pipe, regulating valve, cooling device, metering
Tank, the entrance of the sampling pipe are equipped with platinum resistance, and the sampling pipe outlet is connect with the import of the measurement pipe, the measurement
The outlet of pipe is connected with the cooling device by regulating valve, is successively arranged orifice plate, pressure in the measurement pipe from import to outlet
Power temperature sensor, heater and temperature sensor, the outlet of the cooling device are equipped with triple valve, and two of the triple valve
Outlet is separately connected drainpipe and weep pipe, and the measuring tank is located at the lower section of the weep pipe, and the bottom of the measuring tank is set
There is discharging valve, the measuring tank divides into force sensor.
2. steam wetness measurement device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include humidity display instrument, the humidity
Be equipped with controller in display instrument, the platinum resistance, pressure-temperature sensor, temperature sensor, regulating valve, triple valve, heater,
Discharging valve, force snesor are connect with the controller, and display, the display and institute are additionally provided on the humidity display instrument
State controller connection.
3. steam wetness measurement device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the outer wall of the sampling pipe is equipped with spiral shell
Line, the rear of the screw thread are equipped with sealing baffle, are additionally provided with high-temperature resistant sealing pad before the sealing baffle.
4. steam wetness measurement device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that set on the tube wall of the sampling pipe entrance
Fluted, the platinum resistance is located in the groove, and the sampling pipe import is additionally provided with through-flow turncap, and the through-flow turncap screws
State groove in rear cover residence.
5. steam wetness measurement device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that insulating layer is equipped on the outside of the measurement pipe,
Stainless steel pillar is additionally provided with outside the insulating layer.
6. steam wetness measurement device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that sensed in the measurement pipe in pressure and temp
Orifice plate there are two being set before device.
7. steam wetness measurement device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that be all provided with outside the regulating valve and cooling device
There is thermal insulation layer.
8. steam wetness measurement device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the measuring tank has four power sensings
Device, four force snesors are uniform along measuring tank base circumference, are arranged symmetrically.
9. a kind of steam wetness measurement method, which comprises the following steps: (1) start steam wetness measurement device, lead to
It crosses platinum resistance and measures drum steam inside temperature t1, steam stream crosses the pressure p after orifice plate2, temperature t2, by pressure-temperature sensor
It measures, after steam flows further through heater, pressure is basically unchanged, p3≈p2, temperature t3, measured by temperature sensor, according to steady
Constant current energy equation and energy balance relations can calculate steam mass flow m and steam moisture W；(2) steam wetness measurement
Device steady operation for a period of time after, humidity display instrument control triple valve drains outward, discharging valve also drains outward simultaneously；Metering
After tank emptying, display shows measuring tank slack tank quality at this time, and then triple valve drains downwards, discharging valve is closed simultaneously, metering
Tank starts water；After water, the steam mass flow m that is measured with measuring tankzqThe sampling quality of steam stream measured instead of heater
Measure m.
10. steam wetness measurement method as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that steam mass flow m and steam moisture W
Circular are as follows:
According to steady-flow energy equation formula, there is following relationship:
In formula, q is thermal loss, h1For the enthalpy of sampling pipe entrance steam, h2For the enthalpy of the steam before heater in measurement pipe,
c1For the flow velocity of sampling pipe entrance steam, c2For the flow velocity of the steam before heater in measurement pipe, g is gravity constant, z1To adopt
The height of sample pipe entrance；z2For the height before heater in measurement pipe；
c1≈ 0, q ≈ 0, z2=z1, reduced equation can obtain:
According to energy balance relations, can obtain:
N=f (h3-h2)m
In formula, N is the electric thermal power of heater, and f is measurement coefficient；h2For the enthalpy of the steam before heater in measurement pipe, h3To survey
The enthalpy of steam in buret after heater, m are that heater segment steam tests mass flow；
Pressure p of the steam before heater2, temperature t2It is measured by pressure-temperature sensor, after steam flows through heater, pressure base
This constant, p3≈p2, temperature t3It is measured by temperature sensor, according to pressure p2, temperature t2, enthalpy can be checked in using superheated steam table
h2, density p2；According to pressure p3, temperature t3, enthalpy h can be checked in using superheated steam table3；
Assignment f=1 is originated, heater segment steam test mass flow m can be acquired using following formula:
M can be calculated again with following formula:
It is obtained through fortran:
In formula, m is that heater segment steam tests mass flow, and d is measurement bore, c2For the steam before heater in measurement pipe
Flow velocity, ρ2For the density of the steam before heater in measurement pipe；
Platinum resistance measures sampling pipe entrance temperature t1, according to the saturation steam table that temperature sorts, corresponding saturated water enthalpy can be checked in
H ' and saturated vapor enthalpy h ".Enthalpy h1Expression formula it is as follows:
h1=h ' W+h " (1-W)
In formula, h1For the enthalpy of sampling pipe entrance steam, h ' is sampling pipe entrance temperature t1Corresponding saturated water enthalpy, h " are to adopt
Sample pipe entrance temperature t1Corresponding saturated vapor enthalpy, W are steam moisture；When calibration, steam matter is accurately measured using measuring tank
Measure flow mzq, then measurement coefficient f=m/mzq=A.F assignment is changed to A from 1, recalculates m.
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