CN1094586A - 脂质和胆固醇降低的蛋粉产品的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
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- C11B1/104—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting using super critical gases or vapours
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- A23L15/00—Egg products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/23—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by extraction with solvents
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- A23P10/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
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- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
- A23V2200/30—Foods, ingredients or supplements having a functional effect on health
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
本发明叙述了脂质和胆固醇含量降低的蛋粉制
品的制备方法，是在压力≤200巴、温度≤70℃下用
液态丙烷萃取粉状原料。用这种方法制备的低含量
的胆固醇和脂质的蛋粉产品，感觉上具有良好的性
质，基本上没有除掉磷脂，尤其是卵磷脂未被除去。
Description
本发明涉及脂质和胆固醇降低的蛋粉产品的制备方法，这种产品与原料基本上有相同的作用和性质。
胆固醇和胆固醇酯（下称胆固醇衍生物）是亲脂性物质，许多种动物来源的重要食物如蛋黄、肉、动物脂肪等中含有它们。
营养中摄入高含量的脂肪和胆固醇，会导致众所周知的动脉硬化和冠心病危险因子增高。
基于此，食品工业致力于使富含脂质的动物源食物中的脂肪和胆固醇衍生物明显减少。
一个重要的问题是要在感觉上和营养生理上基本上保持食品的性质。
关于降低胆固醇的方法，确实已知有一系列分离胆固醇衍生物的方法，不过这些方法由于使原料中的重要成分发生了化学变化（例如蛋白质的变性），不适于用来降低食物中的胆固醇的含量。
最近已知一种比较适宜的方法，是用CO2高压萃取以除去胆固醇衍生物（参见V.Krukonis，超临界流体处理，超临界流体国际讨论会，尼斯，1988和A.Bude和D.Knorr，用超临界二氧化碳萃取法降低蛋粉和全蛋中的胆固醇，第5届国际工程与食品大会，科隆，1984）。
DE-OS 3929555叙述了除去有关食品中的胆固醇衍生物的方法，首先是用压缩CO2处理，此时除胆固醇衍生物外，还有亲脂性物质如甘油三酯、磷脂、色素等一同被萃取，然后经吸附或形成加合物，使胆固醇衍生物自CO2流中除去，具有亲脂性成份的萃取物重新生成，又返回到萃取物料中。
CO2方法的缺点是需要较大量的气体和比较高的压力，通常大于200巴，以便达到与亲脂性物质有相适应的气体载量，以致在大规模生产时，由于极高的设备费用，常常是非常不经济的。
已知压缩丙烷可以作为脂肪和油类的萃取介质（例如US 2560935，US 4331695及DE-PS 2363418）。此时在比较低的压力范围下就可达到与脂肪有高的介质载量。用丙烷萃取的缺点仍然是对各种亲脂性内含物有较低的选择性。
甘油三酯、胆固醇衍生物和磷脂类用压缩丙烷分离成单个成分时有非常良好的溶解性。但是因为磷脂（如卵磷脂）在营养生理和功能上的价值，成为蛋制品的有价值的成分，所以这类物质基本上被除掉时，必然成为缺点。在萃取过程中保留较高含量的磷脂而除去脂质和胆固醇的蛋制品的在经济上有意义的方法，迄今尚属未知。
本发明的目的是基于用各种气体处理蛋类以制造脂肪和胆固醇降低的蛋粉的方法，它没有上述技术的缺点，而是用较低的技术代价，可以显著降低蛋类制品中的脂肪和胆固醇衍生物的含量，而基本不会失掉磷脂，特别是卵磷脂。
本发明的任务是用液态丙烷在压力≤200巴、温度≤70℃条件下通过萃取粉末状原料来完成的。令人意外地发现，在保持这些萃取条件时，可以选择性地除掉脂肪和胆固醇衍生物，而蛋产品中的磷脂含量基本不变，因而在产品中仍含有原料的那些功能性质。
本发明方法是把含有这些物资的蛋类粉状产品如蛋黄粉或全蛋粉进行处理。本发明的基本原理是用液态丙烷萃取，压力≤200巴，温度≤70℃。压力和温度的最低限度是要确保丙烷在该条件下必须呈液态。这种方法证明卵磷脂或磷脂类只部分地溶解于液态丙烷中，而脂肪和胆固醇衍生物的溶解度很好，因而可把这些物质完全除掉。
蛋制品中的其它成分尤其是蛋白质由于有敏感的性质，萃取过程最好在10～60巴的压力范围和20～60℃萃取温度下进行，尤其以25～50℃为好。用这种方法可减少蛋白质的变性。丙烷的加入量可有较宽的范围，主要取决于脂肪和胆固醇的含量。为了能够满意地降低被除物质的含量，每1Kg原料一般用1～30Kg丙烷。本发明范围内也可用丙烷与丁烷的混合物，丁烷量可到45%（重量）。
萃取后，在液态丙烷中溶解的脂肪和胆固醇衍生物或残余量的磷脂可以经蒸发和（或）降低压力自丙烷中析离出，丙烷气体然后经过液化再去萃取蛋类制品，所以在循环中可不断地加入丙烷，从而明显地提高了本法的效益。
本发明的另一内容是，通过改变萃取条件，可以将蛋类制品中的脂肪部分地萃取出，如果希望脂肪有确定含量的话。这样，可以调节改变萃取压力、萃取温度和丙烷量，以有目的地改变脂肪与胆醇衍生物的比例量，因而又提高了本法的有效性。
使用本发明方法，可以制备具有性质上感觉良好的、胆固醇和脂肪含量少的蛋类产品。其胆固醇和脂肪含量可降低大约大于85%，而原料中至少50%的磷脂仍然保留。
下面的实施例进一步说明本发明内容。
实施例1
1000g蛋黄粉（脂质总含量：60%（重量）;脂肪：45%（重量）;磷脂：15%（重量）;胆固醇总量：2.1%（重量）），于4升加压釜中，20巴和25℃下于2小时内通入30Kg液态丙烷，该过程循环进行。在一分离器中经蒸发丙烷，使萃取物分出。萃取剩余物为530g，经分析：总脂质量：24.5%（重量）;脂肪：5%（重量）;磷脂：19.5%（重量）;总胆固醇量：0.07%（重量）。
实施例2
1000g蛋黄粉（脂质总含量：60%（重量）;脂肪：45%（重量）;磷脂：15%（重量）;胆固醇总量：2.1%（重量）），于4升加压釜中，压力为20巴，温度45℃，于80分钟内通入液态丙烷20Kg，该过程循环进行。在一分离器中经蒸发丙烷，使萃取物分出。萃取剩余物为523g，经分析：脂质总含量：23.6%（重量）;脂肪：7%（重量）;磷脂：16.5%（重量）;总胆固醇量：0.07%（重量）。
实施例3
1000g蛋黄粉（脂质总含量：60%（重量）;脂肪：45%（重量）;磷脂：15%（重量）;胆固醇总量：2.1%（重量）），于4升加压釜中，压力为60巴和45℃下于2小时内通入液态丙烷30Kg，该过程循环进行。在一分离器中经蒸发丙烷，使萃取物分出。萃取剩余物为500g，经分析：脂质总含量20%（重量）;脂肪：3%（重量）;磷脂：17%（重量）;胆固醇总含量：0.05%（重量）。
实施例4
1000g蛋黄粉（脂质总含量：41%（重量）;脂肪：27%（重量）;磷脂：14%（重量）;胆固醇总量：1.4%（重量）），于4升加压釜中，压力为40巴35℃、于1小时内通入液态丙烷15Kg，该过程循环进行。在一分离器中经蒸发丙烷，使萃取物分出。萃取剩余物为683g，经分析：脂质总含量14%（重量）;脂肪：6%（重量）;磷脂：8%（重量）;胆固醇总含量：0.03%（重量）。
实施例5
1000g蛋黄粉（脂质总含量：60%（重量）;脂肪：45%（重量）;磷脂：15%（重量）;胆固醇总量：2.1%（重量）），于4升加压釜中，压力为20巴、45℃、于35分钟内通入液态丙烷6Kg，该过程循环进行。在一分离器中经蒸发丙烷，使萃取物分出。萃取剩余物为550g，经分析：脂质总含量28%（重量）;脂肪：12.5%（重量）;磷脂：15%（重量）;胆固醇总含量：0.09%（重量）。
Claims (6)
1、用压缩气体处理来制备脂质和胆固醇含量降低的粉状蛋制品的方法，其特征是，将粉状原料用液态丙烷在压力≤200巴、温度≤70℃的条件下萃取。
2、按照权利要求1的方法，其特征是，在压力为10～60巴、温度为20～60℃下进行萃取。
3、按照权利要求1和2的方法，其特征是，萃取温度为25～50℃。
4、按照权利要求1到3的方法，其特征是，每千克原料用丙烷1～30千克。
5、按照权利要求1到4的方法，其特征是，通过蒸发和（或）减低压力，使脂质和胆固醇衍生物自丙烷中分离出来。
6、按照权利要求1到5的方法，其特征是，丙烷可以同丁烷形成混合物来使用。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4307979.2 | 1993-03-15 | ||
| DE4307979 | 1993-03-15 |
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| CN1094586A true CN1094586A (zh) | 1994-11-09 |
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| US (1) | US5616359A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0615694B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH06296473A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR940020954A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1094586A (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2118894A1 (zh) |
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| CN107033059A (zh) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-11 | 马鞍山汇智生物技术有限公司 | 一种以猪胆为原料制备胆红素和鹅去氧胆酸的新方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE4407933A1 (de) * | 1993-03-15 | 1994-09-22 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Lipidfraktionen aus pulverförmigen Eiprodukten |
| DE4440831C1 (de) * | 1994-11-15 | 1996-05-09 | Peter Siegfried | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von hochprozentigen, pulverförmigen Phosphatidylcholinen |
| DE19504101A1 (de) * | 1995-02-08 | 1996-08-22 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Verfahren zur Reinigung von Kohlenhydratderivaten mit oberflächenaktiver Wirkung |
| US5917068A (en) * | 1995-12-29 | 1999-06-29 | Eastman Chemical Company | Polyunsaturated fatty acid and fatty acid ester mixtures free of sterols and phosphorus compounds |
| US5883273A (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 1999-03-16 | Abbott Laboratories | Polyunsaturated fatty acids and fatty acid esters free of sterols and phosphorus compounds |
| US6063946A (en) * | 1996-01-26 | 2000-05-16 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process for the isolation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and esters thereof from complex mixtures which contain sterols and phosphorus compounds |
| US6200624B1 (en) | 1996-01-26 | 2001-03-13 | Abbott Laboratories | Enteral formula or nutritional supplement containing arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids |
| US6303803B1 (en) | 1997-01-31 | 2001-10-16 | Cargill, Incorporated | Removal of sterols from fats and oils |
| US5880300A (en) * | 1997-01-31 | 1999-03-09 | Cargill, Incorporated | Phospholipid-based removal of sterols from fats and oils |
| US6066350A (en) | 1997-02-07 | 2000-05-23 | Cargill Incorporated | Method and arrangement for processing cocoa mass |
| NZ337039A (en) * | 1997-02-21 | 2001-06-29 | Univ Tennessee Res Corp | Use of polyunsaturated fatty acids for reducing the incidence of necrotizing entercolitis |
| US20040071848A1 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2004-04-15 | Cargill Inc. | Process for producing cocoa butter and cocoa powder by liquefied gas extraction |
| US20040071847A1 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2004-04-15 | Cargill, Inc. | Producing cocoa powders with different cocoa butter contents by liquefied gas extraction on substantially the same production line |
| US7201934B2 (en) * | 2002-10-15 | 2007-04-10 | Cargill, Incorporated | Dispersible cocoa products |
| US7927648B2 (en) | 2004-06-28 | 2011-04-19 | Archer Daniels Midland Company | Composition and method for enhancing eggs |
| WO2007146249A2 (en) * | 2006-06-12 | 2007-12-21 | Conagra Foods, Inc. | Egg product and production method |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE41723C (de) * | C. WIGAND in Hannover | Zählwerk für Laufgewichtswaagen | ||
| JPS59135847A (ja) * | 1983-01-25 | 1984-08-04 | Q P Corp | 低コレステロ−ル食品の製造法 |
| WO1990002788A1 (en) * | 1988-09-09 | 1990-03-22 | Piper James William | Separation of sterols from lipids |
| US5041245A (en) * | 1989-03-10 | 1991-08-20 | Bioseparations, Inc. | Continuous extraction of oil-containing vegetable matter with pressurized normally gaseous solvent |
| DE3929555A1 (de) * | 1989-09-06 | 1991-03-07 | Sueddeutsche Kalkstickstoff | Verfahren zur entfernung von cholesterin bzw. cholesterinestern aus lebensmitteln |
| US5238694A (en) * | 1989-10-30 | 1993-08-24 | Sumitomo Seiko Chemicals Co., Ltd. | Liquid egg having reduced cholesterol content |
| US5288619A (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1994-02-22 | Kraft General Foods, Inc. | Enzymatic method for preparing transesterified oils |
| US5091117A (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1992-02-25 | Nabisco Brands, Inc. | Process for the removal of sterol compounds and saturated fatty acids |
| US5446842A (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 1995-08-29 | Taligent, Inc. | Object-oriented collaboration system |
-
1994
- 1994-03-09 DE DE4407939A patent/DE4407939A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-03-11 CA CA002118894A patent/CA2118894A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-03-14 CN CN94102346A patent/CN1094586A/zh active Pending
- 1994-03-14 DE DE59400362T patent/DE59400362D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-03-14 EP EP94103932A patent/EP0615694B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-14 JP JP6042767A patent/JPH06296473A/ja active Pending
- 1994-03-14 ES ES94103932T patent/ES2089873T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-15 KR KR1019940005059A patent/KR940020954A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1995
- 1995-08-31 US US08/524,159 patent/US5616359A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107033059A (zh) * | 2017-06-15 | 2017-08-11 | 马鞍山汇智生物技术有限公司 | 一种以猪胆为原料制备胆红素和鹅去氧胆酸的新方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE59400362D1 (de) | 1996-07-25 |
| EP0615694A1 (de) | 1994-09-21 |
| DE4407939A1 (de) | 1994-09-22 |
| CA2118894A1 (en) | 1994-09-16 |
| US5616359A (en) | 1997-04-01 |
| EP0615694B1 (de) | 1996-06-19 |
| KR940020954A (ko) | 1994-10-17 |
| JPH06296473A (ja) | 1994-10-25 |
| ES2089873T3 (es) | 1996-10-01 |
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