CN109457155B - Thermally stable 6xxx series aluminum alloy and heat treatment process thereof - Google Patents
Thermally stable 6xxx series aluminum alloy and heat treatment process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109457155B CN109457155B CN201811627651.8A CN201811627651A CN109457155B CN 109457155 B CN109457155 B CN 109457155B CN 201811627651 A CN201811627651 A CN 201811627651A CN 109457155 B CN109457155 B CN 109457155B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/14—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/16—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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Abstract
A heat-stable 6xxx series aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.2 to 0.6; mg: 0.6 to 1.5; cu: 0.8 to 1.5; mn: 0.10 to 0.2; the balance of Al and trace impurities. The mass ratio of Mg to Si is 2-3, and the mass ratio of Mg to Si is not equal to 2; the total content of Mg, Si and Cu is not less than 2.4%, and the mass ratio of Si and Cu to Mg [ (Si +0.5 xCu)/Mg ] is less than 1. The invention also provides a heat treatment process: after the solution quenching treatment, heat treatment is carried out within 60 minutes, the heat treatment temperature is 160-200 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 5-30 hours. The invention enables the alloy to have better creep resistance at high temperature by controlling the content and the proportion of different alloy elements, thereby keeping good thermal stability, improving the thermal stability of the alloy in a service state, simultaneously enhancing the mechanical property by carrying out heat treatment on the alloy, and the aluminum alloy plate has higher strength and stable performance under high-temperature exposure, enhancing the competitiveness of light aluminum alloy plates and promoting the wide application of the aluminum alloy on automobiles and airplanes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of non-ferrous metal materials, and particularly relates to a thermally stable 6xxx series aluminum alloy and a heat treatment process thereof.
Background
Aluminum and aluminum alloys have been widely used in modern transportation as lightweight materials, and compared with conventional steels, aluminum alloys have high specific strength, light weight, and excellent corrosion resistance, and thus are widely used in the automotive and aerospace fields. The 6xxx series alloy is low in price and is the most widely applied aluminum alloy, and the typical heat treatment method is T6 treatment: after casting and homogenization treatment, deformation is carried out, then solid solution treatment and quenching are carried out, and finally aging strengthening treatment is carried out at a certain temperature. After the aging treatment, uniformly dispersed nano-scale hardening particles are separated out from the aluminum alloy to block dislocation movement, so that the aluminum alloy is strengthened. The 6xxx series is a typical precipitation hardening aluminum alloy, the precipitation speed of the 6xxx series aluminum alloy with excessive silicon content is high, the hardening effect is obvious, the main precipitation phase comprises a monoclinic GP zone, a beta' phase and Q series phase, and the phases are equal and change along with the external environment during service, thereby influencing the service life and the safety. The aluminum alloy plates manufactured by different components and different heat treatment processes have great difference of service performance.
The development of civil and military transportation has put higher requirements on the aluminum alloy plate, especially on the aspects of service safety and stability. The currently used 6xxx series aluminum alloys, while having relatively fast precipitation kinetics, have many limitations in their use. In the process of using the aluminum alloy, an internal precipitated phase is easy to coarsen and the strength is reduced, so that the stability of the whole part structure is reduced, meanwhile, a coarse precipitated phase and a precipitate-free strip are easy to form at a grain boundary, the corrosion resistance and the fatigue life are reduced, and the factors can cause the service safety and the service life coefficient of traffic equipment to be reduced. By combining the above analysis, it is very important to develop a novel aluminum alloy which is more stable in a high temperature environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a thermally stable 6xxx series aluminum alloy and a heat treatment process thereof, wherein the alloy has better creep resistance at high temperature by controlling the content and the proportion of different alloy elements, so that the thermal stability is kept good, the thermal stability of the alloy in a service state can be improved, and meanwhile, the mechanical property is enhanced by carrying out heat treatment on the alloy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a heat-stable 6xxx series aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the balance of Al and trace impurities.
The mass ratio of Mg to Si is 2-3, and the mass ratio of Mg to Si is not equal to 2; the total content of Mg, Si and Cu is not less than 2.4%, and the mass ratio of Si and Cu to Mg [ (Si +0.5 xCu)/Mg ] is less than 1.
The composition of the trace impurities is as follows: fe <0.2, Zn <0.1, Ti <0.05, Cr < 0.3.
The invention also provides a heat treatment process: after the solution quenching treatment, heat treatment is carried out within 60 minutes, the heat treatment temperature is 160-200 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 5-30 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the novel 6xxx series aluminum alloy designed by the invention has the thermal stability in a high-temperature state prolonged by 40-60h compared with the existing 6xxx series aluminum alloy, and can improve the service safety and the service life coefficient when being used on a high-speed running transport tool with a severe service environment, such as high-speed rails and fighters.
2. After the novel 6xxx series aluminum alloy provided by the invention is subjected to heat treatment, compared with the existing alloy, the yield strength can be improved by 40-50MPa while the elongation is maintained. The provided heat treatment method can improve the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy member, improve the quality of the aluminum alloy plate and enable the aluminum alloy to be applied more widely.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the creep curves of aluminum alloy sheets according to comparative examples and examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method of the present invention is further illustrated and described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. The samples used in the examples are commercial 6xxx series and new 6xxx series aluminum alloys.
The samples used in the comparative examples are divided into commercial alloy 6013 and alloy A, 6013 having a chemical composition (magnesium to silicon mass ratio close to 1) of Mg1.05 wt.%, Si 0.95 wt.%, Cu 0.5 wt.%, Mn 0.10 wt.%, Cr 0.11 wt.%, Ti 0.10 wt.%, Fe0.23 wt.%, and the balance aluminum; the chemical composition of A (the mass ratio of magnesium to silicon is close to 2) is Mg0.98wt.%, Si 0.52 wt.%, Cu 0.81 wt.%, Mn 0.13 wt.%, Cr 0.13 wt.%, Ti 0.11 wt.%, Fe0.23wt.%, and the balance aluminum. The samples used in the examples were alloy B with a chemical composition (mg/Si mass ratio close to 2.6) of mg1.05wt.%, Si 0.41 wt.%, Cu 1.08 wt.%, Mn 0.13 wt.%, Cr 0.13 wt.%, Ti 0.11 wt.%, fe0.23wt.%, and the balance aluminum;
alloy hardness testing was performed on a Vickers hardness tester with an experimental load of 4.9N and a duration of 15 s. Tensile testing used criteria were: GB/T228-. The high-temperature creep aging test is carried out on an RMT-D10 electronic high-temperature creep endurance strength testing machine produced by Sagitatey company, the temperature control precision of the testing machine is +/-2 ℃, and the load precision is +/-3N.
The following embodiments were designed based on the above considerations:
comparative example 1
The existing 6013 aluminum alloy is subjected to solution treatment and water quenching in an air circulation resistance furnace, and then subjected to peak aging at 180 ℃, so that an aluminum alloy plate is subjected to room temperature tensile test.
Comparative example 2
The conventional 6013 aluminum alloy is subjected to solution treatment and water quenching in an air circulation resistance furnace and then subjected to peak value aging, so that an aluminum alloy plate is subjected to creep test in a creep machine, wherein the creep aging temperature is 250 ℃, the creep time is 60h, and the creep stress is 100 MPa.
Comparative example 3
And (3) carrying out solution treatment and water quenching on the aluminum alloy A in an air circulation resistance furnace, and then carrying out peak value aging at 180 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy plate for carrying out room temperature tensile test.
Comparative example 4
And (3) carrying out solution treatment and water quenching on the aluminum alloy A in an air circulation resistance furnace, and then carrying out peak value aging to obtain an aluminum alloy plate, and carrying out a creep experiment in a creep machine, wherein the creep aging temperature is 250 ℃, the creep time is 60h, and the creep stress is 100 MPa.
Example 1
And carrying out solution treatment and water quenching on the novel 6xxx series aluminum alloy B in an air circulation resistance furnace, and then carrying out peak aging at 180 ℃ to obtain the aluminum alloy plate for carrying out room temperature tensile test.
Example 2
The novel 6xxx aluminum alloy B is subjected to solution treatment and water quenching in an air circulation resistance furnace to obtain an aluminum alloy plate, and then a creep experiment is carried out in a creep machine, wherein the creep aging temperature is 250 ℃, the creep time is 100h, and the creep stress is 100 MPa.
TABLE 1 examples and comparative examples tensile properties after corresponding process treatments (strength units: MPa)
| Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 3 | Example 1 | |
| Yield strength | 319.0 | 323.57 | 371.2 |
| Tensile strength | 441.6 | 462.6 | 469.20 |
| Elongation after fracture | 10.95％ | 9.30％ | 9.95％ |
Table 1 shows the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation after fracture of the novel 6xxx series aluminum alloy and the comparative example after the same aging heat treatment. FIG. 1 is a creep curve of comparative example and example with time, which is not plotted since comparative example 1 is creep rupture at 10 hours. From the figures, the novel 6xxx series alloy has good creep resistance in a high-temperature environment, the thermal stability is prolonged by 40-60h compared with that of the traditional 6xxx series alloy, and the yield strength is improved by 40-50MPa while the elongation of the novel 6xxx series alloy is maintained by using the novel alloy (the yield strength of the traditional 6xxx series alloy is 310-330 MPa).
The data prove that the novel 6xxx series aluminum alloy provided by the invention can improve the thermal stability and the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy and expand the application range of the 6xxx series aluminum alloy.
Claims (3)
1. A thermally stable 6xxx series aluminum alloy, comprising, in mass percent:
the balance of Al and trace impurities;
the mass ratio of Mg to Si is 2-3, and the mass ratio of Mg to Si is not equal to 2; the total content of Mg, Si and Cu is not less than 2.4%, and the mass ratio of Si and Cu to Mg [ (Si +0.5 xCu)/Mg ] is less than 1;
by controlling the contents and proportions of different alloy elements, the thermal stability of the thermally stable 6xxx series aluminum alloy in a high-temperature state is prolonged by 40-60h compared with the existing 6xxx series aluminum alloy, after heat treatment, the elongation is kept and the yield strength is improved by 40-50MPa, after the heat treatment, the heat treatment is carried out in 60 minutes after solution quenching treatment, the heat treatment temperature is 160-200 ℃, and the heat treatment time is 5-30 h.
2. The thermally stable 6 xxx-series aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the minor impurities have a composition of: fe <0.2, Zn <0.1, Ti <0.05, Cr < 0.3.
3. A heat treatment process for a thermally stable 6 xxx-series aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solution quenching treatment is followed by heat treatment within 60 minutes at a heat treatment temperature of 160 ℃ to 200 ℃ for 5 to 30 hours.
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| CN111961890A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-11-20 | 四川三星新材料科技股份有限公司 | Production process method of section bar for high-conductivity and high-strength aluminum alloy electrical equipment |
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