CN1094451A - Directly contact reaction method is produced the method for metal-base composites - Google Patents
Directly contact reaction method is produced the method for metal-base composites Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of novel process of making particles reiforced metal-base composition.The present invention is to adopt direct contact reaction method to generate hard mutually with the key distinction of present technology, the formation that makes the melting, die casting of matrix alloy and play the hard-phase particles of enhancement is carried out simultaneously, thereby the manufacturing process of matrix material is simplified greatly, reduced cost significantly.Use the particulate reinforced composite that the present invention can make metallic matrixes such as Al base alloy, Zn base alloy, its good mechanical performance can be widely used for industrial product.
Description
The invention belongs to field of compound material, relate to being used to cast or the improvement of the manufacturing process of the particles reiforced metal-base composition that diecast parts is used.
Particles reiforced metal-base composition has excellent mechanical property such as intensity height, heat-resisting, wear-resisting, creep resistance.The particle size that plays enhancement in the matrix material is more little, and the comprehensive mechanical property of prepared matrix material is just good more.The method of producing particles reiforced metal-base composition at present has following three kinds:
First method is a high-energy ball milling method, is applicable to the particle of size greater than 1.0 μ m.Particle and powdered alloy are mixed, produce matrix material with powder metallurgy method again.This method complex process, the cost height.
Second method is a method of impregnation.In order to keep the excellent properties of matrix material, increase the wettability of particle and matrix metal liquid, U.S. Pat 4444603 has proposed a kind of method of producing particles reiforced metal-base composition, it is that the particulate surface is coated with the last layer coating, because the wettability between coated material and the molten metal is better, and particle is combined with molten metal easily.This method is applicable to particle and the whisker of size greater than 1.0 μ m.Owing to need make its complex process, the cost height in the uniform coating of particulate surface-coated.
The third method is so-called XD method, for example method that provided of U.S. Pat 4710348 and the method for introducing in following two pieces of articles, " Scripta Metallurgica et Meterialia ", Vol.24,1990, P.183 with NASA Contraitor Report 4365,1991.The XD method is to utilize two kinds of elements that can react to each other (for example Ti and B), they is diffused in the matrix metal (for example aluminium alloy) goes, and generates hard-phase particles (TiB for example at the inner chemical reaction that takes place of matrix metal crystal grain
2Deng).Its key problem in technology is that solid solution promotes reaction.Its technology can be divided into two stages: the fs is to produce blank, generates the hard phase, comprises batching-mixing-compacting-degasification-sintering (solid state sintering and liquid phase sintering)-blank; Subordinate phase is to add behind the jacket by extruding, rolling or die forging with blank melting-mo(u)lded piece or blank to make part.This processing method makes two kinds of reactants generate hard-phase particles in its fs, in subordinate phase hard-phase particles is distributed in the metallic solution and goes.Its complex process, the cost height.
The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of technology manufacturing particles reiforced metal-base composition simple, with low cost, that be convenient to promote the use of, this method is not just to generate hard-phase particles before the matrix material melting, but in Metal Melting or press casting procedure, make the reactant direct reaction generate hard-phase particles and be dispersed in the matrix solution, promptly obtain in-situ particles reiforced metal-base composition or foundry goods after solidifying, thereby simplified technological process greatly, reduced cost.Another object of the present invention is the wettability of improving between hard-phase particles and the matrix metal solution, thereby further improves the mechanical property of matrix material and foundry goods thereof.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: adopt direct contact reaction method to produce the method for metal-base composites, it is characterized in that technological process comprises to produce prefabricated section and melting two stages of casting:
(1) producing prefabricated section may further comprise the steps:
(1.1) feedstock production: prefabricated section is made up of two kinds of reactant and a certain specific metallic elements that generate the hard phase that can react to each other, and said two kinds of reactants can be one of following combinations:
1. the combination of aluminium or aluminium alloy and a kind of transition group metallic oxide, for example Al and CuO; Al and ZnO; Al and Cr
2O
3;
The combination of 2. a kind of metal and a kind of non-metallic element, metallic element comprise Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo; Non-metallic element comprises C, B, Si,
3. the combination of two kinds of non-metallic elements, for example one of following combination: C and B; C and Si etc.,
Said specific metallic element can be one of following column element: Al, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Cr, Mn and rare earth element, the weight ratio of two kinds of reactants is 1: 0.1~0.7, the weight ratio of the weight of two kinds of reactants and special metal element is 1: 0.02~0.95, reactant and metallic element are Powdered, its size range is 10~250 μ m
(1.2) mix: the above-mentioned raw materials powder is put into stirrer mix,
(1.3) compression moulding: the raw material that mixes is put into mould pressurize, pressure range is 200~1000MPa, compression moulding at room temperature, and the 3 d-line size sum of the prefabricated section of making is not more than 1000mm,
(2) the melting casting may further comprise the steps:
(2.1) melting: with an amount of matrix alloy for example Al-Si, Zn-Al alloy etc. put into heating unit for example crucible heat, Heating temperature is above 200~400 ℃ of this alloy melting point,
(2.2) add prefabricated section: an amount of prefabricated section is pressed in the alloy solution and fully stirs, the weight of two kinds of reactants in the prefabricated section that is added and the ratio of matrix alloy weight are not more than 0.45,
(2.3) insulation: 10~60 minutes,
(2.4) casting workpiece.
The weight ratio of two kinds of elements (or material) before and after the weight ratio of said two kinds of reactants is meant in the above-mentioned processing step (1.1), the weight ratio of aluminium or aluminium alloy and transition group metallic oxide for example, the perhaps weight ratio of metal and non-metallic element, perhaps the weight ratio of first kind of non-metallic element and second kind of non-metallic element be 1: 0.1~0.7.Requiring emphasis and point out, in the stage that the fs of technology of the present invention is promptly produced prefabricated section, is the various material combination that generate the hard phase together, does not generate the hard phase but react to each other between the reactant.After having only in the mold that is pressed into prefabricated section in the alloy liquation or the die casting of alloy liquation is advanced to be added with prefabricated section, reactant just in liquation reaction generate the hard phase, Here it is direct contact reaction method bare bones also is a biggest advantage simultaneously.For the metal-base composites part that adopts casting process to produce, above-mentioned method all is suitable for.According to same inventive concept, the invention provides a kind of method that adopts extrusion process to produce metal-base composites:
Adopt direct contact reaction method to produce the method for metal-base composites, it is characterized in that technological process comprises to produce prefabricated section and two stages of melting die casting:
(A) producing prefabricated section may further comprise the steps:
(A.1) feedstock production: prefabricated section is made up of two kinds of can the react to each other reactants that generate the hard phases and a certain specific metallic element and organic volatile binding agent, and said two kinds of reactants can be one of following combinations:
1. the combination of aluminium or aluminium alloy and a kind of transition group metallic oxide, for example Al and CuO; Al and ZnO; Al and Cr
2O
3;
The combination of 2. a kind of metal and a kind of non-metallic element, metallic element comprise Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo; Non-metallic element comprises C, B, Si,
3. the combination of two kinds of non-metallic elements, for example one of following combination: C and B; C and Si etc.,
Said specific metallic element can be one of following column element: Al, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Cr, Mn and rare earth element, the weight ratio of two kinds of reactants is 1: 0.1~0.7, the weight ratio of the weight of two kinds of reactants and special metal element is 1: 0.02~0.95, reactant and metallic element are Powdered, its size range is 10~250 μ m, said organic volatile binding agent is an ether material, the ratio of the volume sum of the volume of the binding agent that is added and two kinds of reactants and metallic element is not less than 2
(A.2) mix: above-mentioned raw materials powder and binding agent are put into stirrer mix,
(A.3) compression moulding: the raw material that mixes is put into mould pressurize, pressure range is 20~100MPa, compression moulding at room temperature, and the 3 d-line size sum of the prefabricated section of making is not more than 1000mm,
(B) melting die casting may further comprise the steps:
(B.1) melting: with an amount of matrix alloy for example Al-Si, Zn-Al alloy etc. put into heating unit for example crucible heat, Heating temperature is above 200~400 ℃ of this alloy melting point,
(B.2) add prefabricated section: an amount of prefabricated section is put into the mould of die casting workpiece, and the ratio of the matrix alloy weight that the weight of two kinds of reactants in the prefabricated section that is added and mould can hold is not more than 0.45,
(B.3) insulation: 10~60 minutes,
(B.4) die casting workpiece uses pressure die-casting machine to go in the alloy solution die casting progressive die tool, and the pressure-maintaining and heat-preservation time is 10~60 minutes.
The weight ratio of two kinds of elements (or material) before and after the weight ratio of said two kinds of reactants is meant in the above-mentioned processing step (A.1), the weight ratio of aluminium or aluminium alloy and transition group metallic oxide for example, the perhaps weight ratio of metal and non-metallic element, perhaps the weight ratio of first kind of non-metallic element and second kind of non-metallic element be 1: 0.1~0.7.
Reaction mechanism of the present invention and XD method have the difference of essence, and the reaction mechanism of XD method is the molten admittedly reaction that helps, and at a certain temperature, the element that can react is fused in a certain metallic element admittedly, through collision mutually, reacts, and generates the hard phase; And the present invention utilizes the element that is in contact with one another under the high temperature and can reacts, and need not be diffused in the matrix alloy, but direct reaction generates the hard phase.
The present invention compares with present prior art has following significant advantage:
1, technology is easy, and is with low cost, is convenient to promote the use of.Reactant is generated the process of hard phase to method of the present invention and a processing step is merged in the melting of matrix metal (alloy), the manufacturing process of metal-base composites simplified greatly, thereby reduced cost; Hard generates in matrix metal (alloy) liquation simultaneously, and its wettability is good, and the energy uniform distribution makes matrix strengthening, thereby improved the mechanical property of matrix material in matrix, sees following table for details:
Alloy | Tensile strength sigma b(MPa) | Yield strength σ 0.2(MPa) | Unit elongation δ % |
Al-5.6Wt%Si | 129.0 | - | 8.0 |
Al-5.6Wt%Si- 1.5Wt%TiC | 181.3 | 147.5 | 5.2 |
2, improved the quality of foundry goods.The processing method of prior art pinhole rate grade of foundry goods when producing composite material parts is not high, this is because its wettability is poor, can not use the abundant degasification of degasifier during melting, hard-phase particles is taken to the surface of liquation thereby makes its skewness influence performance when preventing that bubble from rising, so void content height in the foundry goods.Method hard-phase particles of the present invention is produced simultaneously when smelting metal (alloy), wettability between hard-phase particles and the matrix metal is fine, can not rise and focus on molten surface with bubble, therefore can use various refining agents, degasifier that liquation is carried out once or repeatedly refining, the quality of foundry goods is improved greatly, can satisfy the requirement of high-tech product.
3, the matrix material hard produced of method of the present invention is evenly distributed in matrix metal, can not produce segregation.The matrix material that existing technology is produced then is easy to produce segregation.Its reason is that the size of the hard-phase particles in the matrix material is bigger, and particle sinks easily in the process of melting and remelting.And method of the present invention can make the size of hard-phase particles below 1.0 μ m, and generally between 0.1~1.0 μ m, the speed of its sinking is very little, generally can not produce segregation.
Below some details of the present invention are described further.
When producing matrix material in accordance with the method for claim 1, because the speed of response of two kinds of reactants is very fast, wayward, therefore can be in preparation prefabricated section process, in two kinds can react to each other the reactant that generates the hard phase, a certain specific metallic element, add flux, said flux can be one of materials such as villaumite, villiaumite, refining agent, the weight of two kinds of reactants: the weight of special metal element: the weight of flux=1: 0.02~0.95: 0.02~0.15.Add flux and can play two effects, the one, reduced speed of response, make it be controlled at proper level; The 2nd, play the effect of refining degasification.The front has illustrated that the ratio range of two kinds of reactants is 1: 0.1~0.7, and for different combinations of reactants, its best proportioning is also inequality, provides the best ratio range of three kinds of combinations of reactants below.For Al-CuO, its weight ratio is 1: 0.4~0.5; For Ti-C, its weight ratio is 1: 0.2~0.3; For Ti-B, its weight ratio is 1: 0.2~0.35.In addition, during according to the method for claim 1 casting composite material parts, can be in the melting casting stage, between operation (2.1) " melting " and (2.2) " add prefabricated section ", increase by one and be incubated operation.After promptly matrix metal (alloy) being heated to preset temperature, insulation earlier 10~60 minutes, and then be pressed into prefabricated section.Do the temperature homogeneity that can further improve the alloy liquation like this, the size refinement of hard-phase particles is also had certain effect, help the raising of casting quality.For the high foundry goods of specification of quality,, degas operation or refining treatment can be carried out according to a conventional method simultaneously, repeatedly refining can be carried out, to satisfy specification of quality no matter water foundry goods or die casting.
Embodiment 1
Produce the Z1101-2Wt%TiC composite castings.In Al: Ti: C=5: 74: 21 ratio takes by weighing an amount of purity and is not less than 99.9% Ti powder, purity and is not less than 99% C powder and commercially pure Al powder, its granularity is 10 μ m, three kinds of powder mixes are even, on 220 tons of press, be pressed into the rectangular parallelepiped prefabricated section of 50 * 40 * 5mm.3 kilograms of ZL101 alloys are put into crucible internal heating to 850 ℃, 0.06 kilogram prefabricated section is pressed in the aluminium liquid with bell jar, fully stir, be incubated 15 minutes, add the hexachloroethane (refining agent) that accounts for liquation weight 0.3%, casting obtains the ZL101-2Wt%TiC composite castings after the cooling, its mechanical property is σ
b=220MPa, δ=4.8.
After matrix alloy solution is pressed into prefabricated section and fully stirs, be incubated 10~60 minutes workpiece of casting again.
Embodiment 2
Produce Al-17Wt%Cu-9.0%Al
2O
3Composite castings.Take by weighing 0.14 kilogram of technical pure aluminium powder, granularity 100 μ m take by weighing 0.64 kilogram of purity and are not less than 99.9% CuO powder, granularity 200 μ m, and above-mentioned powder mixes evenly at room temperature is pressed into columniform prefabricated section, and (φ 5 * 100mm).Get fine aluminium and put into the crucible melting for 3 kilograms, be heated to 900 ℃, be pressed into 0.78 kilogram of prefabricated section with bell jar, stir, be incubated 45 minutes, casting obtains Al-17Wt%Cu-9.0Wt%Al after the cooling
2O
3Matrix material, its mechanical property is: σ
bBe not less than 350MPa.
Embodiment 3
Produce Zn-Al-10Wt%TiB
2Composite castings.In Al: Ti: B=80: Ti powder and B powder that 14: 6 ratio takes by weighing appropriate amount of industrial pure aluminium powder, 99.9% purity mix, and are pressed into the rectangular parallelepiped prefabricated section of 100 * 200 * 100mm.The Zn-10Wt%Al alloy is heated to 750 ℃ for 3 kilograms, is pressed into 1.5 kilograms of prefabricated sections, be incubated 30 minutes, cast after the degasification, obtain Zn-Al10Wt%TiB
2Foundry goods, its mechanical property are σ
bBe not less than 300MPa.
Embodiment 4
Produce LY12/5Wt%TiC matrix material die casting.The Ti powder of industrial pure Al powder, 99.9% purity, C powder and an amount of polyvinyl alcohol are mixed evenly, wherein Al: Ti: C=30: 55: 15, the volume ratio of three kinds of powder and polyvinyl alcohol was 0.08: 1, at room temperature is pressed into the prefabricated section of φ 50 * 70mm.LY12 alloy 369.9 grams are heated to 750 ℃, are incubated 30 minutes, degasification is put into mould with an amount of prefabricated section, is pressed into alloy liquid to mould, and pressure is 30MPa, and pressurize 10 minutes obtains the LY12/5.0%VOlTiC composite castings, and its mechanical property is σ
bBe not less than 500MPa.
Embodiment 5
Produce the ZL104-20Wt%TiC composite castings.In Al: Ti: C=5: 72: 23 ratio takes by weighing Ti powder (320 orders, purity 99.9%), C powder (320 orders, purity 99.0%) and industrial pure Al powder (granularity 100 μ m), three kinds of powder mixes are even, on 220 tons of pressing machinees, be pressed into the cylindrical prefabricated section of φ 50 * 100mm, the ZL104 alloy is placed in the crucible for 3 kilograms, superheating temperature is 300 ℃, and 0.63 kilogram of prefabricated section is pressed in the alloy liquid, fully stirs, be incubated 30 minutes, cast after the refining, obtain the ZL104-20%WtTiC composite castings, its σ
bBe not less than 300MPa.
Embodiment 6
Produce LY12/15Wt%TiB
2Matrix material.Claim 10 gram Al powder (320 orders, 99.9%), 31.4 gram B powder (320 orders, 99.9%), 63.6 gram Ti powder (320 orders, 99.9%) and the nontoxic refining agent powder of 15 grams, four kinds of powder mixes are even, be pressed into the cylindrical prefabricated section of φ 50 * 100mm with 300 gram pressure, with 625 gram LY12 alloy heating, superheating temperature is 250 ℃, 120 gram prefabricated sections are pressed in the alloy liquid, be incubated casting after 15 minutes, after extruding, obtain being out of shape matrix material, its σ
bBe not less than 600MPa.
Embodiment 7
Ratio in embodiment 1 takes by weighing Al, Ti, C powder, adds 90 gram refining agent (C
2Cl
6And TiO
2), after mixing, be pressed into prefabricated section with 300 tons of pressing machinees, prefabricated section is pressed in 3 kilograms of ZL101 alloys, be incubated casting in 20 minutes, obtain the ZL101-2Wt%TiC matrix material.
Embodiment 8
Ratio in embodiment 2 takes by weighing Al, CuO powder, adds the nontoxic refining agent of 120 grams, is pressed into the prefabricated section of φ 5 * 100mm after mixing, and prefabricated section is pressed in 3 kilograms of aluminium liquid, is incubated casting in 45 minutes, obtains Al-17Wt%Cu-9.0Wt%Al
2O
3Matrix material.
Embodiment 9
Ratio in embodiment 3 takes by weighing Al, Ti, B powder, adds the nontoxic refining agent of 150 grams and mixes, and is pressed into the prefabricated section of 100 * 200 * 100mm, is pressed in the Zn-10Wt%Al alloy liquid, is incubated casting in 30 minutes, obtains Zn-Al-10Wt%TiB
2Matrix material.
Claims (6)
1, adopt direct contact reaction method to produce the method for metal-base composites, it is characterized in that technological process comprises to produce prefabricated section and melting two stages of casting:
(1) producing prefabricated section may further comprise the steps:
(1.1) feedstock production: prefabricated section is made up of two kinds of reactant and a certain specific metallic elements that generate the hard phase that can react to each other, and said two kinds of reactants can be one of following combinations:
1. the combination of aluminium or aluminium alloy and a kind of transition group metallic oxide, for example Al and CuO; Al and ZnO; Al and Cr
2O
3
The combination of 2. a kind of metal and a kind of non-metallic element, metallic element comprise Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo; Non-metallic element comprises C, B, Si,
3. the combination of two kinds of non-metallic elements, for example one of following combination: C and B; C and Si etc.,
Said specific metallic element can be one of following column element: Al, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Cr, Mn and rare earth element, the weight ratio of two kinds of reactants is 1: 0.1~0.7, the weight ratio of the weight of two kinds of reactants and special metal element is 1: 0.02~0.95, reactant and metallic element are Powdered, its size range is 10~250 μ m
(1.2) mix: the above-mentioned raw materials powder is put into stirrer mix,
(1.3) compression moulding: the raw material that mixes is put into mould pressurize, pressure range is 200~1000MPa, compression moulding at room temperature, and the 3 d-line size sum of the prefabricated section of making is not more than 1000mm,
(2) the melting casting may further comprise the steps:
(2.1) melting: with an amount of matrix alloy for example Al base alloy or Zn base alloy etc. put into heating unit for example crucible heat, Heating temperature be more than this alloy melting point 200~400 ℃,
(2.2) add prefabricated section: an amount of prefabricated section is pressed in the alloy solution and fully stirs, the weight of two kinds of reactants in the prefabricated section that is added and the ratio of matrix alloy weight are not more than 0.45,
(2.3) insulation: 10~60 minutes,
(2.4) casting workpiece.
2, adopt direct contact reaction method to produce the method for metal-base composites, it is characterized in that technological process comprises to produce prefabricated section and two stages of melting die casting:
(A) producing prefabricated section may further comprise the steps:
(A.1) feedstock production: prefabricated section is made up of two kinds of can the react to each other reactants that generate the hard phases and a certain specific metallic element and organic volatile binding agent, and said two kinds of reactants can be one of following combinations:
1. the combination of aluminium or aluminium alloy and a kind of transition group metallic oxide, for example Al and CuO; Al and ZnO; Al and Cr
2O
3;
The combination of 2. a kind of metal and a kind of non-metallic element, metallic element comprise Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo; Non-metallic element comprises C, B, Si,
3. the combination of two kinds of non-metallic elements, for example one of following combination: C and B; C and Si etc.,
Said specific metallic element can be one of following column element: Al, Mg, Zn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Cr, Mn and rare earth element, the weight ratio of two kinds of reactants is 1: 0.1~0.7, the weight ratio of the weight of two kinds of reactants and special metal element is 1: 0.02~0.95, reactant and metallic element are Powdered, its size range is 10~250 μ m, said organic volatile binding agent is an alcohols material, the ratio of the volume sum of the volume of the binding agent that is added and two kinds of reactants and metallic element is not less than 2
(A.2) mix: above-mentioned raw materials powder and binding agent are put into stirrer mix,
(A.3) compression moulding: the raw material that mixes is put into mould pressurize, pressure range is 20~100MPa, compression moulding at room temperature, and the 3 d-line size sum of the prefabricated section of making is not more than 1000mm,
(B) melting die casting may further comprise the steps:
(B.1) melting: with an amount of matrix alloy for example Al base alloy or Zn base alloy etc. put into heating unit for example crucible heat, Heating temperature be more than this alloy melting point 200~400 ℃,
(B.2) add prefabricated section: an amount of prefabricated section is put into the mould of die casting workpiece, and the ratio of the matrix alloy weight that the weight of two kinds of reactants in the prefabricated section that is added and mould can hold is not more than 0.45,
(B.3) insulation: 10~60 minutes,
(B.4) die casting workpiece uses pressure die-casting machine to go 10~60 minutes pressure-maintaining and heat-preservation time in the alloy solution die casting progressive die tool.
3, preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the feedstock production process, prefabricated section is made up of two kinds of reactant, a certain specific metallic element and flux that generate the hard phase that can react to each other, said flux can be one of materials such as villaumite, villiaumite, refining agent, the weight of two kinds of reactants: the weight of special metal element: the weight of flux=1: 0.02~0.95: 0.02~0.15.
According to the preparation method of claim 1 or 3, it is characterized in that 4, when said two kinds of reactants were following combination, its best ratio range was: for Al-CuO, its weight ratio is 1: 0.4~0.5; For Ti-C, its weight ratio is 1: 0.2~0.3; For Ti-B, its weight ratio is 1: 0.2~0.35.
5, preparation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in the said melting casting stage, after matrix alloy solution is pressed into prefabricated section and fully stirs, is incubated 10~60 minutes workpiece of casting again.
According to the preparation method of claim 2, it is characterized in that 6, when said two kinds of reactants were following combination, its best ratio range was: for Al-CuO, its weight ratio is 1: 0.4~0.5; For Ti-C, its weight ratio is 1: 0.2~0.3; For Ti-B, its weight ratio is 1: 0.2~0.35.
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- 1993-04-28 CN CN 93104814 patent/CN1033824C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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