CN109444007A - PM2.5 concentration detection system and its detection method based on STM32 - Google Patents
PM2.5 concentration detection system and its detection method based on STM32 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 101000983338 Solanum commersonii Osmotin-like protein OSML15 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002356 laser light scattering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
- G01N15/0211—Investigating a scatter or diffraction pattern
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- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of PM2.5 concentration detection system and its detection method based on STM32, is to combine the EMS for realizing the detection to PM2.5 with sensor technology by embedded technology, control technology.It is exactly that simple portable and material is inexpensive that this secondary design, which has apparent advantage, operable required precision is relatively high, and have the advantages that adjustable, this secondary design is using STM32 as control centre, the particle concentration of sensor acquisition is by AD conversion at data, display screen is conveyed to by single-chip microcontroller calculating to show, when being more than buzzing alarm when setting most produces tabular value shockingly, realizes the effect of efficient and convenient detection PM2.5 concentration.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical fields of PM2.5 Concentration Testing, more particularly to the PM2.5 Concentration Testing based on STM32
System and its detection method.
Background technique
The MCU of current most of PM2.5 concentration detection apparatus is to use 51 basic models and 52 Strong MCUs for control
Core processed.51 single-chip microcontrollers are the general designations to the single-chip microcontroller of all compatible Intel8031 instruction systems, this series of single-chip microcontroller
First ancestor is 8031 single-chip microcontrollers of Intel, later with the development of flash ROM technology, 8031 single-chip microcontrollers achieve it is considerable into
It transforms into for one of most widely used 8bit single-chip microcontroller, his representative model is exactly the AT89 series of atmel corp.The design
The MCU STM32 single-chip microcontroller that system uses is then that ST (STMicw Electronics) company is raw for core using the cortex-M of arm company
The single-chip microcontroller of the 32bit series of production, what his internal resource (register and peripheral functionality) will be more compared with 8051, AVR and PIC
It is more, it may be substantially close to the CPU of computer, be suitable for mobile phone, router etc..
51 single-chip microcontrollers are a single-chip microcontrollers of elementary course, do not have self-programming ability generally.STM32 series is based on aiming at
It is required that the ARM Cortex-M3 kernel that high-performance, low cost, the Embedded Application of low-power consumption specially design.
The sensor of current most of PM2.5 concentration detection apparatus selects dust sensor as PM2.5 Concentration Testing
Carrier.The structure and circuit of dust sensor are fairly simple, and light source is infrared LED light source, and air-flow inlet and outlet is mainly by electricity
Resistance fever has particle by exporting high level to obtain thermal current flowing.Output signal only has PWM model.
The display device of current most of PM2.5 concentration detection apparatus selects liquid crystal LCD1602 to complete display function.
LCD1602 is that black and white TN shows screen, resolution ratio 5*8, and it is colored master that the display device that system uses, which selects 2.8 cun of TFT LCD,
Dynamic display screen, resolution ratio 240*320.Cost is relatively low by LCD1602, but has following limitation in use:
It a) is character mode lcd, display letter and number is more convenient, but Display of Chinese characters is very inconvenient, and does not carry Chinese character
Library.
B) font shown has size limitation, cannot show figure etc..
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve at least one technical problem present in above-mentioned background technique, provides one kind by embedded skill
Art, control technology combine and realize the EMS of the detection to PM2.5 with sensor technology.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the PM2.5 concentration detection system based on STM32, which is characterized in that
It include: single-chip microcontroller, signal acquisition module, key module, LED display module, sound alarm module and light alarm module, the letter
Number acquisition module, key module, LED display module, sound alarm module and light alarm module constitute a circuit；
The input terminal of the signal acquisition module is connect with the pin of the STM32 single-chip microcontroller；
The key module includes three keys, and respectively set key ,+key and-key, the key ,+key and-key is between each other
It is in parallel；The set key and the PA0 port pinout of single-chip microcontroller connect；The connection of the PC5 port pinout of described+key and single-chip microcontroller；Institute
State-the PA15 port pinout of key and single-chip microcontroller connects；
The smooth alarm module includes red light, amber light and green light, and the red light, amber light and green light are mutually in parallel each other；The red light
It is connect with the PA2 port pinout of single-chip microcontroller；The connection of the PA1 port pinout of the amber light and single-chip microcontroller；The green light and single-chip microcontroller
PA4 port pinout connection.
In a further embodiment, the signal acquisition module uses PMS5003T sensor；The LED display module
Using TFT touch screen.
In a further embodiment, number display and high-low threshold value of the LED display module for PM2.5 concentration is set
Fixed echo, connect with the port PB of single-chip microcontroller and PC0, PC1, PC2, PC3, PC6, PC7, PC8, PC9, PC10 port pinout.
In a further embodiment, the alarming value of light alarm module is set are as follows: the concentration value of the PM2.5 of detection is 0
Ug/M3-35ug/M3, green light indicate that environment is good；
For the concentration value of the PM2.5 of detection in 35ug/M3-150ug/M3, amber light is bright, indicates slight pollution；
For the concentration value of the PM2.5 of detection in 150 ug/M3 or more, red light is bright, and has buzzer warning, indicates serious pollution.
In a further embodiment, the alarming value of the sound alarm module is set are as follows: the PM2.5 concentration value of detection is super
After crossing alarming value, buzzer warning, alarming value can be manually adjusted with key.
In a further embodiment, sound alarm module and the PA8 port pinout of single-chip microcontroller connect.
A kind of detection method of the PM2.5 concentration detection system based on STM32, specifically includes the following steps:
S1: after the completion of hardware environment is built, software translating is burnt in single-chip microcontroller well, is opened using uVision5 IDE is integrated
Hair ring border；
S2: connecting with the mains, and single-chip microcontroller starts automatically, first pop-up initialization interface；
S3: after initialization interface is paused 5 seconds, into main interface；It can be seen that, the detecting state of the top will dynamic from interface
Display refreshed the PM2.5 data of a current environment every 1 second, and shows；
S4: signal acquisition module software reads in the granule density data that PMS5003 sensor is sent into from serial ports, decodes PM2.5
Concentration；
S5: single-chip microcontroller utilizes the algorithm based on Michaelis (MIE) theory, obtains different in the equivalent grain size and unit volume of particulate matter
The particulate matter quantity of partial size；
S6:LCD shows current Low threshold, can use+key ,-key setting PM2.5 alarm value；Set key is pressed again, and LCD is aobvious
Show current high threshold ,+key ,-key setting PM2.5 alarm value can be used.Set key is pressed again, setting completed for alarm value, this
When+key ,-key be invalid；
S7: with buzzer warning；Amber light is slight or intermediate pollution；And green light indicates that air quality is good.
The working principle of this system is: power switch opened, the numerical value of laser sensor enters single-chip microcontroller by serial ports,
Exact numerical is shown on TFT touch screen is shown by I/O mouthfuls after decoding, while being sent into monolithic by key assignments reference value
Machine, the concentration level threshold value of the collected concentration value of comparison and setting, shows corresponding indicator light and warning note.
Major function:
1. green indicator light can be bright when PM2.5 concentration is less than low valve valve, indicate that current air mass is good.
2. being lower than high threshold values when PM2.5 concentration is higher than low valve valve, yellow indicator lamp can be bright, indicates that present air is slightly dirty
Dye.
3. red indicating light can be bright when PM2.5 concentration is higher than high threshold values, while buzzer is rung, and indicates present air severe
Pollution.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the PM2.5 detection of 1. this system has accomplished that detection in 0.1 second refreshes a data, therefore
It is more demanding to operational capability.It is 32 single-chip microcontrollers using STM32 single-chip microcontroller, single treatment data width 32, and 51 can only
Processing 8.In addition, the internal RAM and ROM(flash of STM32) it is all more much bigger than 51, STM32F103 has 64kRAM,
512kROM, dominant frequency reach 72M.Therefore operational capability is much more powerful.On-Chip peripheral is also relatively abundant, timer up to 14 or
17, PWM is powerful, and ADC precision also reaches 12, and there are also D/A modules, real-time clock, and there are also FPU Float Point Units
DSP function, especially dma controller free CPU from busy data relay.The arithmetic speed of STM32 is about 51
Tens times of single-chip microcontroller, and peripheral interface function is more powerful than 51 too many.Therefore STM32 is selected to meet the requirement of arithmetic speed.
2. STM32 SCM program be all it is modular, interface is more relatively easy, register can be used and be programmed,
The library file that official can also be used to provide is programmed, and not only programming is convenient in this way, but also is easier to transplant.
3. the laser sensor that the design system uses, not only precision is high, output signal is that serial ports exports, in this way can be with
Accomplishing that the distance of the other modules of system and data acquisition module is farther in the detection process can also be can be suitably used for bad environments
Detect case.
4. 2.8 cun of TFT LCD that the design system uses, display contain much information, chinese disply can be carried out, picture is shown
Deng.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is circuit diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated With reference to embodiment.
PM2.5 concentration detection system based on STM32, comprising: STM32 single-chip microcontroller, signal acquisition module, key module,
LED display module, sound alarm module and light alarm module, the signal acquisition module, key module, LED display module, sound
Sound alarm module and light alarm module constitute a circuit；
The input terminal of the signal acquisition module is connect with the pin of the STM32 single-chip microcontroller PA10；
The key module includes three keys, and respectively set key ,+key and-key, the key ,+key and-key is between each other
It is in parallel；The set key is connect with the PA0 port pinout of STM32 single-chip microcontroller；Draw the port PC5 of described+key and STM32 single-chip microcontroller
Foot connection；Described-key is connect with the PA15 port pinout of STM32 single-chip microcontroller；
The smooth alarm module includes red light, amber light and green light, and the red light, amber light and green light are mutually in parallel each other；The red light
It is connect with the PA2 port pinout of STM32 single-chip microcontroller；The amber light is connect with the PA1 port pinout of STM32 single-chip microcontroller；It is described green
Lamp is connect with the PA4 port pinout of STM32 single-chip microcontroller.
The signal acquisition module uses PMS5003T sensor；The LED display module uses TFT touch screen.
Number display and high-low threshold value setting echo of the LED display module for PM2.5 concentration, with STM32 monolithic
The port PB of machine is connected with PC0, PC1, PC2, PC3, PC6, PC7, PC8, PC9, PC10 port pinout.
The alarming value of light alarm module is set are as follows: the concentration value of the PM2.5 of detection is in 0 ug/M3-35ug/M3, green light,
Indicate that environment is good；
For the concentration value of the PM2.5 of detection in 35ug/M3-150ug/M3, amber light is bright, indicates slight pollution；
For the concentration value of the PM2.5 of detection in 150 ug/M3 or more, red light is bright, and has buzzer warning, indicates serious pollution.
The alarming value of the sound alarm module is set are as follows: the PM2.5 concentration value of detection is more than buzzer report after alarming value
Alert, alarming value can be manually adjusted with key.
Sound alarm module is connect with the PA8 port pinout of STM32 single-chip microcontroller.
Wherein the corresponding interface assignment of the pin of STM32 single-chip microcontroller is as shown in table 1.
The corresponding interface assignment table of 1 pin of table
| Pin | Interface assignment | Pin | Interface assignment |
| PA0 | KEY_SET | PB10 | LCD_D10 |
| PA1 | LED_Y | PB11 | LCD_D11 |
| PA2 | LED_R | PB12 | LCD_D12 |
| PA4 | LED_G | PB13 | LCD_D13 |
| PA8 | BUZZER | PB14 | LCD_D14 |
| PA10 | Serial ports RX | PB15 | LCD_D15 |
| PA15 | KEY_MINUS | PC0 | T_SCK |
| PB0 | LCD_D0 | PC1 | T_PEN |
| PB1 | LCD_D1 | PC2 | T_MISO |
| PB2 | LCD_D2 | PC3 | T_MOSI |
| PB3 | LCD_D3 | PC5 | KEY_PLUS |
| PB4 | LCD_D4 | PC6 | LCD_RD |
| PB5 | LCD_D5 | PC7 | LCD_WR |
| PB6 | LCD_D6 | PC8 | LCD_RS |
| PB7 | LCD_D7 | PC9 | LCD_CS |
| PB8 | LCD_D8 | PC10 | LCD_BL |
| PB9 | LCD_D9 |
A kind of detection method of the PM2.5 concentration detection system based on STM32, specifically includes the following steps:
S1: after the completion of hardware environment is built, software translating is burnt to well in STM32 single-chip microcontroller；
S2: connecting with the mains, and STM32 single-chip microcontroller starts automatically, first pop-up initialization interface；
S3: after initialization interface is paused 5 seconds, into main interface；It can be seen that, the detecting state of the top will dynamic from interface
Display refreshed the PM2.5 data of a current environment every 1 second, and shows；
S4: signal acquisition module software reads in the granule density data that PMS5003 sensor is sent into from serial ports, decodes PM2.5
Concentration；
S5:STM32 single-chip microcontroller utilizes the algorithm based on Michaelis (MIE) theory, obtains the equivalent grain size and unit volume of particulate matter
The particulate matter quantity of interior different-grain diameter；
S6:LCD shows current Low threshold, can use+key ,-key setting PM2.5 alarm value；Set key is pressed again, and LCD is aobvious
Show current high threshold ,+key ,-key setting PM2.5 alarm value can be used.Set key is pressed again, setting completed for alarm value, this
When+key ,-key be invalid；
S7: with buzzer warning；Amber light is slight or intermediate pollution；And green light indicates that air quality is good.
Compared with prior art: the PM2.5 detection of this system has accomplished that detection in 0.1 second refreshes a data, therefore to fortune
It is higher to calculate Capability Requirement.STM32 is 32 single-chip microcontrollers, single treatment data width 32, and 51 can only handle 8.In addition,
The internal RAM and ROM(flash of STM32) it is all more much bigger than 51, STM32F103 has 64kRAM, 512kROM, and dominant frequency reaches 72M.Cause
This operational capability is much more powerful.On-Chip peripheral is also relatively abundanter, and timer up to 14 or 17, PWM is powerful,
ADC precision also reaches 12, and there are also D/A modules, real-time clock, and there are also FPU Float Point Unit DSP function, especially DMA controls
Device frees CPU from busy data relay.The arithmetic speed of STM32 is about tens times of 51 single-chip microcontrollers, and
And peripheral interface function is more powerful than 51 too many.Therefore STM32 is selected to meet the requirement of arithmetic speed.
2. STM32 SCM program be all it is modular, interface is more relatively easy, register can be used and be programmed,
The library file that official can also be used to provide is programmed, and not only programming is convenient in this way, but also is easier to transplant.
3. the laser sensor that the design system uses, not only precision is high, output signal is that serial ports exports, in this way can be with
Accomplishing that the distance of the other modules of system and data acquisition module is farther in the detection process can also be can be suitably used for bad environments
Detect case.
4. 2.8 cun of TFT LCD that the design system uses, display contain much information, chinese disply can be carried out, picture is shown
Deng.
Detailed functions introduction
1 signal acquisition module
Signal acquisition module software reads in the granule density data that PMS5003 is sent into from serial ports, decodes PM2.5 concentration.This is
Signal acquisition of uniting uses PMS5003T sensor, using laser light scattering principle.Even the aerial suspended particulate of laser irradiation
Scattering is generated on object, while collecting scattering light in a certain special angle, obtains the curve that scattered light intensity changes over time.In turn
Microprocessor utilizes the algorithm based on Michaelis (MIE) theory, obtains different-grain diameter in the equivalent grain size and unit volume of particulate matter
Particulate matter quantity.
Key module
The design shares " set key " parallel with one another, "+key ", "-key ", and after set key is pressed, LCD shows currently low
Threshold value can use+key ,-key setting PM2.5 alarm value；Set key is pressed again, LCD shows current high threshold, can use+
PM2.5 alarm value is arranged in key ,-key.Set key is pressed again, and setting completed for alarm value, and at this time+key ,-key are invalid.Realize user
It manually controls, meets user to the difference of environmental condition testing requirements, realize good man-machine communication.
When the circuit is energized, the circuit of current contamination rank is reminded according to different concentration ranges, uses green, Huang, it is red
Three LED light show atmospheric air quality, and bright red light is serious pollution, with buzzer warning；Amber light is slight or moderate
Pollution；And green light indicates that air quality is good.
Claims (8)
1. the PM2.5 concentration detection system based on STM32 characterized by comprising single-chip microcontroller, signal acquisition module, key mould
Block, LED display module, sound alarm module and light alarm module, the signal acquisition module, key module, LED show mould
Block, sound alarm module and light alarm module constitute a circuit；
The input terminal of the signal acquisition module is connect with the PA10 pin of the single-chip microcontroller；
The key module includes three keys, and respectively set key ,+key and-key, the key ,+key and-key is between each other
It is in parallel；The set key and the PA0 port pinout of single-chip microcontroller connect；The connection of the PC5 port pinout of described+key and single-chip microcontroller；Institute
State-the PA15 port pinout of key and single-chip microcontroller connects；
The smooth alarm module includes red light, amber light and green light, and the red light, amber light and green light are mutually in parallel each other；The red light
It is connect with the PA2 port pinout of single-chip microcontroller；The connection of the PA1 port pinout of the amber light and single-chip microcontroller；The green light and single-chip microcontroller
PA4 port pinout connection.
2. the PM2.5 concentration detection system according to claim 1 based on STM32, which is characterized in that the signal acquisition
Module uses PMS5003T sensor；The LED display module uses TFT touch screen.
3.PM2.5 concentration detection system according to claim 1 based on STM32, which is characterized in that the LED is shown Number display and high-low threshold value setting echo of the module for PM2.5 concentration, with the port PB of single-chip microcontroller and PC0, PC1, PC2, The connection of PC3, PC6, PC7, PC8, PC9, PC10 port pinout.
4. the PM2.5 concentration detection system according to claim 1 based on STM32, which is characterized in that setting light alarm mould
The alarming value of block are as follows: the concentration value of the PM2.5 of detection indicates that environment is good in 0 ug/M3-35ug/M3, green light；
For the concentration value of the PM2.5 of detection in 35ug/M3-150ug/M3, amber light is bright, indicates slight pollution；
For the concentration value of the PM2.5 of detection in 150 ug/M3 or more, red light is bright, and has buzzer warning, indicates serious pollution.
5. the PM2.5 concentration detection system according to claim 1 based on STM32, which is characterized in that the sound is arranged
The alarming value of alarm module are as follows: for the PM2.5 concentration value of detection more than after alarming value, buzzer warning, alarming value can use key
It manually adjusts.
6. the PM2.5 concentration detection system according to claim 1 based on STM32, which is characterized in that sound alarm module
It is connect with the PA8 port pinout of single-chip microcontroller.
7. a kind of detection method of the PM2.5 concentration detection system based on STM32, specifically includes the following steps:
S1: after the completion of hardware environment is built, software translating is burnt in single-chip microcontroller well；
S2: connecting with the mains, and single-chip microcontroller starts automatically, first pop-up initialization interface；
S3: after initialization interface is paused 5 seconds, into main interface；It can be seen that, the detecting state of the top will dynamic from interface
Display refreshed the PM2.5 data of a current environment every 1 second, and shows；
S4: signal acquisition module software reads in the granule density data that PMS5003 sensor is sent into from serial ports, decodes PM2.5
Concentration；
S5: single-chip microcontroller utilizes the algorithm based on Mie theory, obtains different-grain diameter in the equivalent grain size and unit volume of particulate matter
Particulate matter quantity；
S6:LCD shows current Low threshold, can use+key ,-key setting PM2.5 alarm value；Set key is pressed again, and LCD is aobvious
Show current high threshold ,+key ,-key setting PM2.5 alarm value can be used.
8. pressing set key again, setting completed for alarm value, and at this time+key ,-key are invalid；
S7: with buzzer warning；Amber light is slight or intermediate pollution；And green light indicates that air quality is good.
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| CN110095392A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-08-06 | 河海大学常州校区 | A kind of dust detection method based on photoelectric sensor, apparatus and system |
| CN110672483A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-01-10 | 南京北路自动化***有限责任公司 | Low-power-consumption laser dust sensor |
| CN111595745A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-08-28 | 河海大学常州校区 | Dust detection alarm system based on cloud database |
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