CN109441038A - 一种建筑墙体保温结构体系 - Google Patents

一种建筑墙体保温结构体系 Download PDF

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CN109441038A
CN109441038A CN201811297176.2A CN201811297176A CN109441038A CN 109441038 A CN109441038 A CN 109441038A CN 201811297176 A CN201811297176 A CN 201811297176A CN 109441038 A CN109441038 A CN 109441038A
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layer
coat
mortar layer
light mortar
thickness
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薛宙
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Xiangyang Yitan Yitong Energy Saving Building Materials Co Ltd
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Xiangyang Yitan Yitong Energy Saving Building Materials Co Ltd
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    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0875—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having a basic insulating layer and at least one covering layer
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  • Architecture (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种建筑墙体保温结构体系，包括基层墙体，由基层墙体墙面向外依次包括：第一抹面层、复合防火板、防火找平层、网格布层、第二抹面层和饰面层；复合防火板包括第一轻质砂浆层、第二轻质砂浆层、以及位于第一轻质砂浆层和第二轻质砂浆层之间的保温芯材层，第一轻质砂浆层与第一抹面层贴合，第二轻质砂浆层的厚度大于第一轻质砂浆层的厚度；能够实现保温性能好、防火性能强、且结构稳定的优点。

Description

一种建筑墙体保温结构体系
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域，更具体的说是涉及一种建筑墙体保温结构体系。
背景技术
目前，随着房地产、建筑市场的发展，建筑墙体保温已经成为非常重要的一部分，墙体外保温技术体系具有工序简单、施工方便、安全性能好、便于维修改造等特点，应用该技术体系不仅可降低建筑节能增量成本，而且对提高建筑节能工程质量具有十分重要的现实意义。
但是，保温材料市场比较混乱，有机保温材料和无机保温材料的使用也处于两难的境地：有机保温材料存在着安全性能差，燃烧时烟雾多和烟毒性大的缺点；无机保温材料虽不易起火，但其保温性能差、吸水率大、密度高、造价也较高，推广难度大。也就是说，有机保温材料保温性能好，但安全性能差；无机保温材料安全性能好，但保温性能差。而且，随着最近几年，因保温材料引起的火灾成逐年增长趋势，所以公安部、住房和城乡***都颁布了一些文件，对于保温材料的性能进行了严格的规定。
因此，如何提供一种保温性能好、防火性能强、且结构稳定的建筑墙体保温体系是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种建筑墙体保温结构体系，能够实现保温性能好、防火性能强、且结构稳定的优点。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种建筑墙体保温结构体系，包括基层墙体，由所述基层墙体墙面向外依次包括：第一抹面层、复合防火板、防火找平层、网格布层、第二抹面层和饰面层；所述复合防火板包括第一轻质砂浆层、第二轻质砂浆层、以及位于所述第一轻质砂浆层和所述第二轻质砂浆层之间的保温芯材层，所述第一轻质砂浆层与所述第一抹面层贴合，所述第二轻质砂浆层的厚度大于所述第一轻质砂浆层的厚度；
其中，所述第一抹面层通过直接在基层墙体上涂抹抹面胶浆形成；
所述复合防火板与所述第一抹面层通过涂抹专用界面剂粘贴固定；
所述防火找平层通过直接在复合防火板上涂抹复合保温浆料形成；
所述网格布层与所述防火找平层通过涂抹粘结乳液粘贴固定；
所述第二抹面层通过直接在所述网格布层上涂抹抹面胶浆形成；
所述饰面层通过直接在所述第二抹面层上涂抹涂装材料形成。
通过上述技术方案，本发明采用多层浆料和非对称结构的复合防火板的搭配构造，利用复合防火板内层防火、外层保温的优势，且较薄的无机砂浆层向内，较厚的无机砂浆层向外，同时满足墙体内外的防火阻燃要求，实现了保温性能好、防火性能强、且结构稳定、节省材料的优点。
优选的，在上述一种建筑墙体保温结构体系中，所述保温芯材层与所述第一轻质砂浆层及所述第二轻质砂浆层的粘结面上设有至少一条用于增加拉伸粘结强度的凹槽。利于无机砂浆层的涂抹，可进一步增加拉伸粘结强度，无机砂浆层提高了复合防火板的防火功能、强度及保温性能。
优选的，在上述一种建筑墙体保温结构体系中，所述保温芯材层与所述第一轻质砂浆层及所述第二轻质砂浆层之间均设置有网格布。网格布可为玻璃丝纤维网格布，又称耐碱网格布，其具有结构稳定，强度高，耐碱性能好，防腐，抗裂等特点，增强效果最佳，而且施工简单，易行。
优选的，在上述一种建筑墙体保温结构体系中，所述复合防火板通过若干锚栓与所述基层墙体固定。用于将复合防火板固定于基层墙体上，提高连接强度。
优选的，在上述一种建筑墙体保温结构体系中，所述锚栓的钉入深度为：
所述基层墙体为混凝土，锚栓的有效固定深度不小于35mm；或所述基层墙体为砌体墙，锚栓的有效固定深度不小于55mm。
为了保证锚栓固定后的抗拉承载力达标、标准值不小于0.3kN，提高固定后的稳定性。
优选的，在上述一种建筑墙体保温结构体系中，所述锚栓由塑料钉或具有防腐性能、并具有隔断热桥的金属螺钉和带圆盘的塑料膨胀管两部分组成。保证锚栓的传热效率低，进一步提高体系的防火性能。
优选的，在上述一种建筑墙体保温结构体系中，所述第一抹面层、所述第一轻质砂浆层、所述第二轻质砂浆层、所述保温芯材层、所述防火找平层、所述第二抹面层和所述饰面层的总厚度和不小于50mm。本发明的各层的配合具有良好的保温防火效果，因此，只要各层的厚度和大于50mm即可，施工方便，灵活性强。
优选的，在上述一种建筑墙体保温结构体系中，所述各层体的厚度为：
所述防火找平层的厚度在4-7mm之间；和/或所述第一轻质砂浆层的厚度至少不小于3mm；和/或所述第二轻质砂浆层的厚度至少不小于8mm；和/或所述第一抹面层的厚度至少不小于6mm；和/或所述第二抹面层的厚度在3-5mm之间。
上述厚度均满足防火保温要求，由于复合防火板的非对称结构的设计，降低了体系厚度，节省材料。
优选的，在上述一种建筑墙体保温结构体系中，所述各浆体的材料为：
所述抹面胶浆为高分子聚合物、水泥、砂和填料制成的聚合物水泥砂；和/或所述专用界面剂为涂抹于所述复合防火板表面，用于提高所述复合防火板和所述抹面胶浆粘结力的界面粘结剂；和/或所述复合保温浆料为再分散胶粉、无机胶凝材料、外加剂制成的胶粉料与作为骨料的玻化微珠、聚苯颗粒复合而成的保温浆料；和/或所述粘结乳液为聚合物材料、助剂、水泥和中砂配置而成的砂浆；和/或所述涂装材料为涂料或饰面砂浆，所述饰面砂浆为无机胶凝材料、填料、添加剂和骨料所组成的用于所述抹面胶浆外侧的表面装饰材料。
上述浆体的使用保证了体系结构的稳固，并且保证了结构体系的保温和防火性能。
优选的，在上述一种建筑墙体保温结构体系中，所述第一轻质砂浆层和所述第二轻质砂浆层的制备材料包括但不限于玻化微珠、矿物纤维、无机胶凝材料、水泥、硅灰、纤维素、珍珠岩、蛭石、石膏中的一种或多种材料的混合浆体。通过上述材料混合制成的浆体防火效果好、结构强度优良。
优选的，在上述一种建筑墙体保温结构体系中，所述保温芯材层为硬泡聚氨酯板、XPS挤塑板、EPS泡沫板、酚醛板或岩棉板。以聚氨酯板为例，其具有较高的机械强度、氧化稳定性、耐水性和耐火性，需要符合聚氨酯执行标准GB/T 19250—2013或JG/T 420-2013；
XPS挤塑板：XPS(extruded polystyrene)的全称为挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料。常用的国家标准为GB T 10801.2-2002《绝热用模塑聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料(XPS)》。其具有优良的保温隔热性、高强度抗压性、稳定性、防腐性，且产品环保。
酚醛板具有良好的防火性能和保温性能，符合《酚醛泡沫板薄抹灰外墙外保温***材料》建筑工业行业产品标准JG/T 515-2017。
岩棉板具有质量轻、导热系数小、吸热、不燃的特点，需要符合建筑外墙用岩棉板国标GB/T25975-2010。
除上述类型外，保温芯材层也可以为真空绝热板、气凝胶绝热板、挤塑聚苯板、明达无机质高分子板、石墨聚苯板、亚士真金板、普通膨胀聚苯板、改性EPS板、复合硅酸镁铝绝热材料、HX隔离式防火保温板、聚苯颗粒保温砂浆、泡沫玻璃板、纤维增强复合材料保温板、发泡水泥板、膨胀玻化微珠无机保温板、膨胀玻化微珠保温砂浆、发泡陶瓷板和泡沫混凝土。
经由上述的技术方案可知，与现有技术相比，本发明公开提供了一种建筑墙体保温结构体系，具有以下有益效果：
1、采用多层浆料和非对称结构的复合防火板的搭配构造，构建了结构稳定、保温性能好、防火性能强的墙体结构体系；
2、对于复合防火板的结构设计采用非对称的无机砂浆层内设保温芯材层的六面包裹结构，具有内层防火、外层保温的优势，且较薄的无机砂浆层向内，较厚的无机砂浆层向外，同时满足墙体内外的防火阻燃要求，进一步提高了防火保温效果；
3、通过各种浆体逐层粘结搭建、并通过锚栓固定，进一步提高结构的稳定性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1附图为本发明提供的保温结构体系的示意图；
图2附图为本发明提供的复合防火板的结构示意图。
其中：
1为基层墙体，2为第一抹面层，3为复合防火板，31为第一轻质砂浆层，32为第二轻质砂浆层，33为保温芯材层，34为凹槽，35为网格布，4为防火找平层，5为网格布层，6为第二抹面层，7为饰面层，8为锚栓。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例公开了一种建筑墙体保温结构体系，包括基层墙体1，由基层墙体1墙面向外依次包括：第一抹面层2、复合防火板3、防火找平层4、网格布层5、第二抹面层6和饰面层7；复合防火板3包括第一轻质砂浆层31、第二轻质砂浆层32、以及位于第一轻质砂浆层31和第二轻质砂浆层32之间的保温芯材层33，第一轻质砂浆层31与第一抹面层2贴合，第二轻质砂浆层32的厚度大于第一轻质砂浆层31的厚度；
其中，第一抹面层2通过直接在基层墙体1上涂抹抹面胶浆形成；
复合防火板3与第一抹面层2通过涂抹专用界面剂粘贴固定；
防火找平层4通过直接在复合防火板3上涂抹复合保温浆料形成；
网格布层5与防火找平层4通过涂抹粘结乳液粘贴固定；
第二抹面层6通过直接在网格布层5上涂抹抹面胶浆形成；
饰面层7通过直接在第二抹面层6上涂抹涂装材料形成。
在实际施工过程中，在基层墙体1上涂抹抹面胶浆，形成第一抹面层2，在第一抹面层2上涂抹专用界面剂，用于与复合防火板3粘结，复合防火板3的第一轻质砂浆层31与第一抹面层2粘贴，在第二轻质砂浆层32上涂抹复合保温浆料，形成防火找平层4，在防火找平层4上涂抹粘结乳液，用于粘结网格布层5，在网格布层5上涂抹抹面胶浆，形成第二抹面层6，在第二抹面层上涂抹涂装材料，形成饰面层7。
为了进一步优化上述技术方案，保温芯材层33与第一轻质砂浆层31及第二轻质砂浆层32的粘结面上设有至少一条用于增加拉伸粘结强度的凹槽34。
凹槽34的设置方向不限，根据具体施工需求，比如复合防火板3的尺寸长×宽为600×300mm，可将浅槽的深度设为2mm，宽度设为3mm，长度方向可等距设置3条凹槽、宽度方向可等距设置2条凹槽，可达到符合国家现行外墙外保温技术标准。
为了进一步优化上述技术方案，保温芯材层33与第一轻质砂浆层31及第二轻质砂浆层32之间均设置有网格布35。
网格布可改善面层的机械强度，保证复合防火板3的抗力连续性，分散无机砂浆层的收缩压力和保温应力，避免应力集中，抵抗自然界温、湿度变化及意外撞击所引起的复合防火板3开裂等。
网格布还可以为热镀锌电焊网，又称热镀锌钢丝网，其寿命长久、防腐性能强，同样也可以增加复合防火板3的强度，可以起到抗潮保温的作用，可以明显减小热胀冷缩对于墙体的破坏，另一方面热镀锌电焊网的韧性比同规格钢丝还强，可以有效增加复合防火板3的强度，进一步降低复合防火板3的开裂风险。
上述网格布的选择，以玻璃丝纤维网为例，需要符合国家现行外墙外保温技术标准JC/T 841-2007：其中玻璃丝纤维网格布经向和纬向耐碱拉伸断裂强力均不得小于750N/50mm，耐碱拉伸断裂强力保留率不得小于50％，每平方米重量≥130克。而JG158-2004玻纤网经向和纬向耐碱拉伸断裂强力均不得小于1250N/50mm，耐碱拉伸断裂强力保留率不得小于90％，每平方米重量≥160克。
为了进一步优化上述技术方案，复合防火板3通过若干锚栓8与基层墙体1固定。
锚栓在每平方米墙面的锚固点数至少不低于6个，并采用梅花状布置。
为了进一步优化上述技术方案，锚栓8的钉入深度为：
基层墙体1为混凝土，锚栓8的有效固定深度不小于35mm；或基层墙体1为砌体墙，锚栓8的有效固定深度不小于55mm。
为了进一步优化上述技术方案，锚栓8由塑料钉或具有防腐性能、并具有隔断热桥的金属螺钉和带圆盘的塑料膨胀管两部分组成。
为了进一步优化上述技术方案，第一抹面层2、第一轻质砂浆层31、第二轻质砂浆层32、保温芯材层33、防火找平层4、第二抹面层6和饰面层7的总厚度和不小于50mm。
为了进一步优化上述技术方案，各层体的厚度为：
防火找平层4的厚度在4-7mm之间；和/或第一轻质砂浆层31的厚度至少不小于3mm；和/或第二轻质砂浆层32的厚度至少不小于8mm；和/或第一抹面层2的厚度至少不小于6mm；和/或第二抹面层6的厚度在3-5mm之间。
在实际施工过程中，防火找平层4的厚度为20mm，第一轻质砂浆层31的厚度为3mm，第二轻质砂浆层32的厚度为8mm，第一抹面层2的厚度为6mm，第二抹面层6的厚度为3mm。
为了进一步优化上述技术方案，各浆体的材料为：
抹面胶浆为高分子聚合物、水泥、砂和填料制成的聚合物水泥砂浆；和/或专用界面剂为涂抹于复合防火板表面，用于提高复合防火板和抹面胶浆粘结力的界面粘结剂；和/或复合保温浆料为再分散胶粉、无机胶凝材料、外加剂制成的胶粉料与作为骨料的玻化微珠、聚苯颗粒复合而成的保温浆料；和/或粘结乳液为聚合物材料、助剂、水泥和中砂配置而成的砂浆；和/或涂装材料为涂料或饰面砂浆，饰面砂浆为无机胶凝材料、填料、添加剂和骨料所组成的用于抹面胶浆外侧的表面装饰材料。
为了进一步优化上述技术方案，第一轻质砂浆层31和第二轻质砂浆层32的制备材料包括但不限于玻化微珠、矿物纤维、无机胶凝材料、水泥、硅灰、纤维素、珍珠岩、蛭石、石膏中的一种或多种材料的混合浆体。
为了进一步优化上述技术方案，保温芯材层33为硬泡聚氨酯板、XPS挤塑板、EPS泡沫板、酚醛板或岩棉板。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言，由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种建筑墙体保温结构体系，包括基层墙体(1)，其特征在于，由所述基层墙体(1)墙面向外依次包括：第一抹面层(2)、复合防火板(3)、防火找平层(4)、网格布层(5)、第二抹面层(6)和饰面层(7)；所述复合防火板(3)包括第一轻质砂浆层(31)、第二轻质砂浆层(32)、以及位于所述第一轻质砂浆层(31)和所述第二轻质砂浆层(32)之间的保温芯材层(33)，所述第一轻质砂浆层(31)与所述第一抹面层(2)贴合，所述第二轻质砂浆层(32)的厚度大于所述第一轻质砂浆层(31)的厚度；
其中，所述第一抹面层(2)通过直接在基层墙体(1)上涂抹抹面胶浆形成；
所述复合防火板(3)与所述第一抹面层(2)通过涂抹专用界面剂粘贴固定；
所述防火找平层(4)通过直接在复合防火板(3)上涂抹复合保温浆料形成；
所述网格布层(5)与所述防火找平层(4)通过涂抹粘结乳液粘贴固定；
所述第二抹面层(6)通过直接在所述网格布层(5)上涂抹抹面胶浆形成；
所述饰面层(7)通过直接在所述第二抹面层(6)上涂抹涂装材料形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种建筑墙体保温结构体系，其特征在于，所述保温芯材层(33)与所述第一轻质砂浆层(31)及所述第二轻质砂浆层(32)的粘结面上设有至少一条用于增加拉伸粘结强度的凹槽(34)。
3.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的一种建筑墙体保温结构体系，其特征在于，所述保温芯材层(33)与所述第一轻质砂浆层(31)及所述第二轻质砂浆层(32)之间均设置有网格布(35)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种建筑墙体保温结构体系，其特征在于，所述复合防火板(3)通过若干锚栓(8)与所述基层墙体(1)固定。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种建筑墙体保温结构体系，其特征在于，所述锚栓(8)的钉入深度为：
所述基层墙体(1)为混凝土，锚栓(8)的有效固定深度不小于35mm；或所述基层墙体(1)为砌体墙，锚栓(8)的有效固定深度不小于55mm。
6.根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的一种建筑墙体保温结构体系，其特征在于，所述第一抹面层(2)、所述第一轻质砂浆层(31)、所述第二轻质砂浆层(32)、所述保温芯材层(33)、所述防火找平层(4)、所述第二抹面层(6)和所述饰面层(7)的总厚度和不小于50mm。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种建筑墙体保温结构体系，其特征在于，所述各层体的厚度为：
所述防火找平层(4)的厚度在4-7mm之间；和/或所述第一轻质砂浆层(31)的厚度至少不小于3mm；和/或所述第二轻质砂浆层(32)的厚度至少不小于8mm；和/或所述第一抹面层(2)的厚度至少不小于6mm；和/或所述第二抹面层(6)的厚度在3-5mm之间。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种建筑墙体保温结构体系，其特征在于，所述各浆体的材料为：
所述抹面胶浆为高分子聚合物、水泥、砂和填料制成的聚合物水泥砂；和/或所述专用界面剂为涂抹于所述复合防火板表面，用于提高所述复合防火板和所述抹面胶浆粘结力的界面粘结剂；和/或所述复合保温浆料为再分散胶粉、无机胶凝材料、外加剂制成的胶粉料与作为骨料的玻化微珠、聚苯颗粒复合而成的保温浆料；和/或所述粘结乳液为聚合物材料、助剂、水泥和中砂配置而成的砂浆；和/或所述涂装材料为涂料或饰面砂浆，所述饰面砂浆为无机胶凝材料、填料、添加剂和骨料所组成的用于所述抹面胶浆外侧的表面装饰材料。
9.根据权利要求1-2、4-5、7-8中任一项所述的一种建筑墙体保温结构体系，其特征在于，所述第一轻质砂浆层(31)和所述第二轻质砂浆层(32)的制备材料包括但不限于玻化微珠、矿物纤维、无机胶凝材料、水泥、硅灰、纤维素、珍珠岩、蛭石、石膏中的一种或多种材料的混合浆体。
10.根据权利要求1-2、4-5、7-8中任一项所述的一种建筑墙体保温结构体系，其特征在于，所述保温芯材层(33)为硬泡聚氨酯板、XPS挤塑板、EPS泡沫板、酚醛板或岩棉板。
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