CN109437953B - Process method for preparing carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slide block for high-speed train - Google Patents
Process method for preparing carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slide block for high-speed train Download PDFInfo
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- CN109437953B CN109437953B CN201811527767.4A CN201811527767A CN109437953B CN 109437953 B CN109437953 B CN 109437953B CN 201811527767 A CN201811527767 A CN 201811527767A CN 109437953 B CN109437953 B CN 109437953B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/71—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/78—Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents containing non-metallic materials
- C04B35/80—Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like
- C04B35/83—Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L5/00—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L5/18—Current collectors for power supply lines of electrically-propelled vehicles using bow-type collectors in contact with trolley wire
- B60L5/20—Details of contact bow
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/48—Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slider for a high-speed train. Chemical vapor deposition (CVI) is a relatively mature method for preparing continuous fiber reinforced carbon-based/ceramic-based composite materials, but the method has the biggest defect that the production period is extremely long, usually 600-1000 h.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a process method for preparing a carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slide block for a high-speed train.
Background
The pantograph slide block (plate) of the high-speed train is an important element for the electric locomotive to obtain current from a power grid and provide power for the train. Due to contact with the grid wires and high speed friction during operation. Therefore, the safety and economy of the high-speed train are directly affected by the quality of the friction component. At present, pantograph slide blocks adopted by high-speed railways in China mainly comprise modified graphite blocks and powder metallurgy blocks. The graphite component has low mechanical strength and large abrasion loss; the powder metallurgy uses metallic iron and copper powder as basic components, the material of the powder metallurgy sliding plate is close to that of a lead in the friction process, the wear degree of the lead is large, and electric arcs are easy to generate. With the rapid development of high-speed railways in China, the requirements on pantograph sliding blocks are higher and higher, and the pantograph sliding blocks have important development directions of high mechanical strength, impact resistance and low wire abrasion.
Chemical vapor deposition (CVI) is a relatively mature method of making continuous fiber reinforced carbon-based/ceramic matrix composites. However, the biggest disadvantage of the method is that the production period is extremely long (usually 600-1000 h).
As mentioned above, the biggest drawbacks of CVI process are two. Firstly, the production period is long; secondly, the process parameters are complex, and the accurate control of the product performance cannot be realized. The inherent drawbacks of these two CVI processes result in excessive production costs and thus hinder the way to large-scale industrialization of the process route.
Patent "a preparation method of C/C composite material draw runner for pantograph" (patent number: CN 104692823A) mentions that 2.5D carbon fiber preform formed by longitudinal puncture of laid carbon cloth and carbon fiber net tire is subjected to heat treatment, then chemical vapor deposition is carried out, resin or asphalt impregnation-cracking cycle is carried out for a plurality of times, and finally graphitization treatment is carried out to obtain the target product. The technical scheme is a typical CVI + PIP (precursor impregnation-cracking dilution crystallization) process route, and the whole production period is not less than 400-600 h, so that the production period of the process is long and the production cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a process method for preparing a carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slider for a high-speed train, which aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
A method for preparing a carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slider for a high-speed train comprises the following steps:
1) graphitizing the carbon fiber pantograph slider preform;
2) charging, namely sequentially charging a plurality of carbon fiber pantograph slider preforms subjected to graphitization treatment into a charging barrel tool;
3) purging;
4) starting a cooling water circulation system;
5) heating;
6) and (3) rapid deposition, namely introducing a carbon source gas from the top or the bottom of the high-temperature vapor deposition furnace, preheating the gas, introducing the preheated gas through a narrow gap between the material cylinder tool and the preform, allowing the preheated gas to flow through the surface of each layer of the preform rapidly, collecting and extracting tail gas from the furnace body through the tail end of the material cylinder tool, wherein the flow rate of the carbon source gas is controlled to be 5m3/h～50m3The pressure is controlled to be 3 kPa-50 kPa, the central temperature of a constant temperature area is controlled to be 800-1100 ℃, and the deposition time is controlled to be 150-250 h;
7) carrying out graphitization treatment;
8) and (4) machining, namely finely machining and polishing the graphitized carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slide block according to the final structural design, and finishing the preparation of the carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slide block.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the process method for preparing the carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slide block for the high-speed train carries out multi-scale modeling calculation on momentum transfer, energy transfer, mass transfer and chemical reaction (three-transfer one-reverse) of carbon source gas in a flowing region, one or more optimal parameters are calculated by checking, and finally, the tool size and the process parameters are guided to be corrected in time. Therefore, the feedback of the process parameters on the product effect is greatly improved, the deposition rate is effectively improved, the period of the conventional chemical vapor deposition is greatly shortened, and the effective density reaches 1.7g/cm3The above.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of charging a pantograph slider block preform according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the pantograph slider preform charging tool in FIG. 1
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the single charging unit of FIG. 2
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification.
A method for preparing a carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slider for a high-speed train comprises the following steps:
1) graphitizing the carbon fiber pantograph slider preform;
2) charging, namely sequentially charging a plurality of carbon fiber pantograph slider preforms subjected to graphitization treatment into a charging barrel tool;
3) purging;
4) starting a cooling water circulation system;
5) heating;
6) fast deposition, introducing carbon source gas from the top or the bottom of the high-temperature vapor deposition furnace, preheating the gas, introducing the preheated gas through a narrow gap between the charging barrel tool and the preform, enabling the preheated gas to flow through the narrow gap between each layer of preform surface, and enabling tail gas to pass through the narrow gapThe tail end of the charging barrel tool is collected and drawn out of the furnace body, wherein the flow of the carbon source gas is controlled to be 5m3/h～50m3The pressure is controlled to be 3 kPa-50 kPa, the central temperature of a constant temperature area is controlled to be 800-1100 ℃, and the deposition time is controlled to be 150-250 h; the graphitization treatment temperature in the step 7) is 2200-2600 ℃, and the treatment time is 2-5 h;
7) carrying out graphitization treatment;
8) and (4) machining, namely finely machining and polishing the graphitized carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slide block according to the final structural design, and finishing the preparation of the carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slide block.
Wherein the graphitization temperature in the step 1) is 2200-2500 ℃, and the graphitization treatment time is 2-10 h; the charging barrel tool is a porous straight barrel of a graphite or carbon/carbon composite material product; the purging time in the step 3) lasts for 1-5 h; in the step 5), the temperature rising speed is controlled to be 50-150 ℃/h, and the temperature is kept when the temperature reaches 800-1100 ℃; in the step 6), the carbon source gas is natural gas, methane, ethane, ethylene, propane or propylene.
Example 1
A method for preparing a carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slider for a high-speed train comprises the following steps:
1) graphitizing the carbon fiber pantograph slider preform, wherein the graphitizing temperature is 2200 ℃, and the graphitizing time is 2 h;
2) and (4) charging, namely filling the prefabricated body of the needled laminated pantograph slide block in a grid shape in the furnace body of the high-temperature vapor deposition furnace. Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a pantograph slider preform charging tool, fig. 2 is a schematic view of a pantograph slider preform charging tool from top, the charging barrel tool is a porous straight barrel of a graphite/carbon composite material product, fig. 3 is a schematic view of a partial enlarged view of a single charging unit tool from top, two sides of each block, namely each row of needled lamination pantograph slider preforms, are gas flow areas, a in fig. 3 is a preform area, the width of the gas flow area B is 2mm, in the figure, the part of the two sides in the furnace body, which exceeds the gas flow area B, is a limiting area, and is used for fixing the position of the preforms in the tool, and the later machining is used for processing, and the tool layout is reasonable as shown by simulating and analyzing the flow field distribution of a gas precursor in a narrow slit;
3) purging, namely purging the whole high-temperature vapor deposition furnace by using high-purity Ar, wherein the purging time lasts for 1 h;
4) starting a cooling water circulation system;
5) heating, wherein the heating speed is controlled at 50 ℃/h, and the heating is stopped when the temperature reaches 800 ℃;
6) performing rapid deposition, introducing natural gas as carbon source gas from the top of the high temperature vapor deposition furnace, and controlling the flow at 5m3Controlling the pressure at 3kPa, wherein a carbon source gas firstly passes through a preheating area of a furnace top gas channel, the preheating area is divided by a graphite carbon plate, the purpose is to finally heat the temperature of the mixed gas to 950 ℃, and then the mixed gas enters a constant temperature area of a preform area, and the deposition time is controlled at 100 h;
7) performing graphitization treatment, namely putting the sample in a high-temperature furnace for graphitization treatment, wherein the graphitization treatment temperature is 2200 ℃, and the treatment time is 2 hours;
8) and (4) machining, namely machining the graphitized product according to the product requirement to form a final product.
Example 2
A method for preparing a carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slider for a high-speed train comprises the following steps:
1) graphitizing the carbon fiber pantograph slider preform, wherein the graphitizing temperature is 2500 ℃, and the graphitizing time is 10 hours;
2) loading, namely filling the needled laminated pantograph slider preforms in a grid shape in a furnace body of a high-temperature vapor deposition furnace, wherein each block, namely two sides of each row of needled laminated pantograph slider preforms are gas flow areas, the width of each gas flow area is 15mm, the parts of the two sides in the furnace body, which exceed the gas flow areas, are limiting areas, and the positioning of the preforms in the tool is fixed, and the subsequent machining is carried out;
3) purging with high purity N2Purging the whole high-temperature vapor deposition furnace for 5 hours;
4) starting a cooling water circulation system;
5) heating, wherein the heating speed is controlled at 150 ℃/h, and the heating is stopped when the temperature reaches 1100 ℃;
6) performing rapid deposition, introducing methane as carbon source gas from the bottom of the high temperature vapor deposition furnace, and controlling the flow at 50m3Controlling the pressure at 50kPa, firstly passing a carbon source gas through a preheating area of a gas channel at the bottom of a furnace, dividing the preheating area by a graphite carbon plate, and finally heating the temperature of the mixed gas to 1100 ℃ and then entering a constant temperature area of a preform area, wherein the deposition time is controlled at 400 h;
7) performing graphitization treatment, namely putting the sample in a high-temperature furnace for graphitization treatment, wherein the graphitization treatment temperature is 2600 ℃, and the treatment time is 5 h;
8) and (4) machining, namely machining the graphitized product according to the product requirement to form a final product.
Example 3
A method for preparing a carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slider for a high-speed train comprises the following steps:
1) graphitizing the carbon fiber pantograph slider preform, wherein the graphitizing temperature is 2300 ℃, and the graphitizing time is 8 h;
2) loading, namely filling the needled laminated pantograph slider preforms in a grid shape in a furnace body of a high-temperature vapor deposition furnace, wherein each block, namely two sides of each row of needled laminated pantograph slider preforms are gas flow areas, the width of each gas flow area is 10mm, the parts of the two sides in the furnace body, which exceed the gas flow areas, are limiting areas, and the positioning of the preforms in the tool is fixed, and the subsequent machining is carried out;
3) purging, namely purging the whole high-temperature vapor deposition furnace by using high-purity Ar, wherein the purging time lasts for 2 h;
4) starting a cooling water circulation system;
5) heating, wherein the heating speed is controlled at 80 ℃/h, and the heating is stopped when the temperature reaches 1000 ℃;
6) fast deposition, propane is taken as carbon source gas and is introduced from the top of the high-temperature vapor deposition furnace to flowThe amount is controlled to be 20m3Controlling the pressure at 20kPa, wherein a carbon source gas firstly passes through a preheating area of a furnace top gas channel, the preheating area is divided by a graphite carbon plate, the purpose is to finally heat the temperature of the mixed gas to 960 ℃, and then the mixed gas enters a constant temperature area of a preform area, and the deposition time is controlled at 200 h;
7) performing graphitization treatment, namely putting the sample in a high-temperature furnace for graphitization treatment, wherein the graphitization treatment temperature is 2300 ℃, and the treatment time is 3 hours;
8) and (4) machining, namely machining the graphitized product according to the product requirement to form a final product.
Example 4
A method for preparing a carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slider for a high-speed train comprises the following steps:
1) graphitizing the carbon fiber pantograph slider preform, wherein the graphitizing temperature is 2500 ℃, and the graphitizing time is 5 hours;
2) loading, namely filling the needled laminated pantograph slider preforms in a grid shape in a furnace body of a high-temperature vapor deposition furnace, wherein each block, namely two sides of each row of needled laminated pantograph slider preforms are gas flow areas, the width of each gas flow area is 6mm, the parts of the two sides in the furnace body, which exceed the gas flow areas, are limiting areas, and the positioning of the preforms in the tool is fixed, and the subsequent machining is carried out;
3) purging with high purity N2Purging the whole high-temperature vapor deposition furnace for 3 hours;
4) starting a cooling water circulation system;
5) heating, wherein the heating speed is controlled at 80 ℃/h, and the heating is stopped when the temperature reaches 990 ℃;
6) performing rapid deposition, introducing propylene as carbon source gas from the bottom of the high temperature vapor deposition furnace, and controlling the flow at 30m3H, controlling the pressure at 10kPa, passing the carbon source gas through a preheating zone of a furnace bottom gas channel, dividing the preheating zone by a graphite carbon plate, finally heating the temperature of the mixed gas to 1100 ℃, then entering a constant temperature zone of a preform area, and controlling the deposition timeAt 100 h;
7) performing graphitization treatment, namely putting the sample in a high-temperature furnace for graphitization treatment, wherein the graphitization treatment temperature is 2500 ℃, and the treatment time is 3 hours;
8) and (4) machining, namely machining the graphitized product according to the product requirement to form a final product.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preparing a carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slider for a high-speed train is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) graphitizing the carbon fiber pantograph slider preform;
2) charging, namely sequentially charging a plurality of carbon fiber pantograph slider preforms subjected to graphitization treatment into a charging barrel tool;
3) purging;
4) starting a cooling water circulation system;
5) heating;
6) and (3) rapid deposition, namely introducing a carbon source gas from the top or the bottom of the high-temperature vapor deposition furnace, preheating the gas, introducing the preheated gas through a narrow gap between the material cylinder tool and the preform, allowing the preheated gas to flow through the surface of each layer of the preform rapidly, collecting and extracting tail gas from the furnace body through the tail end of the material cylinder tool, wherein the flow rate of the carbon source gas is controlled to be 5m3/h～50m3The pressure is controlled to be 3 kPa-50 kPa, the central temperature of a constant temperature area is controlled to be 800-1100 ℃, and the deposition time is controlled to be 150-250 h;
7) carrying out graphitization treatment;
8) and (4) machining, namely finely machining and polishing the graphitized carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slide block according to the final structural design, and finishing the preparation of the carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slide block.
2. The method for preparing the carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slider for the high-speed train according to claim 1, wherein the graphitization temperature in the step 1) is 2200 to 2500 ℃ and the graphitization treatment time is 2 to 10 hours.
3. The method for preparing the carbon/carbon composite pantograph slider for the high-speed trains according to claim 1, wherein the charging barrel tool is a porous straight barrel of graphite or carbon/carbon composite products.
4. The method for preparing the carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slider for the high-speed train according to claim 1, wherein the purging time in the step 3) lasts for 1-5 hours.
5. The method for preparing the carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slider for the high-speed train as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the temperature rise speed is controlled to be 50 ℃/h-150 ℃/h, and the heat preservation is started when the temperature reaches 800 ℃ to 1100 ℃.
6. The method for preparing a carbon/carbon (ceramic) composite brake disc based on the rapid deposition process as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 6), the carbon source gas is natural gas, methane, ethane, ethylene, propane or propylene.
7. The method for preparing the carbon/carbon composite material pantograph slider for the high-speed train according to claim 1, wherein the graphitization treatment temperature in the step 7) is 2200-2600 ℃, and the treatment time is 2-5 h.
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| JP2001011479A (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-01-16 | Railway Technical Res Inst | Preparation of carbon electricity-collecting and sliding material |
| JP2003129150A (en) * | 2001-10-22 | 2003-05-08 | Railway Technical Res Inst | Copper-base wear resistant sintered alloy for current collecting sliding, and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN101239835B (en) * | 2007-02-05 | 2011-05-25 | 中南大学 | Method for preparing charcoal/charcoal-silicon carbide material used for magnetic suspension train slide |
| CN101671191B (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2012-11-21 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for using full preoxidized fiber preform to prepare high-performance carbon-based composite material |
| CN104692823B (en) * | 2015-02-28 | 2017-07-04 | 中南大学 | A kind of pantograph preparation method of C/C composite draw runners |
| CN105294139B (en) * | 2015-12-09 | 2018-05-18 | 杭州卓导新材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of low-resistivity C/C composite material carbon draw runners |
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Effective date of registration: 20230110 Address after: 201814 building 4, 539 Bai'an Road, Anting Town, Jiading District, Shanghai Patentee after: SHANGHAI KANGTAN COMPOSITE MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Baotou Kangcarbon New Material Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 201814 building 4, 539 Bai'an Road, Anting Town, Jiading District, Shanghai Patentee before: SHANGHAI KANGTAN COMPOSITE MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: FUJIAN KANGTAN COMPOSITE MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. |
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