CN109430687A - 一种可用作黄曲霉毒素清除剂的组合物 - Google Patents
一种可用作黄曲霉毒素清除剂的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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Abstract
本发明属动物保健类添加剂的配方技术领域。具体涉及一种可用作黄曲霉毒素清除剂的组合物。它提供了一种既可有效清除黄曲霉毒素，防止人畜中毒，又可提高动物食欲的饲料添加剂。本发明以大蒜及其制品或提取物中所含有的天然挥发性含硫有机化合物为抗霉菌、清除黄曲霉毒素、防止动物食物中毒、促进动物健康的基本有效成分，以大蒜多糖和有机酸为促进动物进食的有效诱食成分，即可保证所宣称的黄曲霉毒素的清除效果，又具有健脾开胃，促进采食的作用，无任何有毒有害的风险，在保护动物健康、增加饲料营养价值领域具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于毒素清除剂的配方技术领域，具体地讲是属于一种可用作黄曲霉毒素清除剂的组合物。
背景技术
黄曲霉毒素(AFT)是一类化学结构类似的化合物，均为二氢呋喃香豆素的衍生物。黄曲霉毒素是主要由黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)寄生曲霉(A.parasiticus)产生的次生代谢产物，在湿热地区食品和饲料中出现黄曲霉毒素的机率最高。
它们存在于土壤、动植物、各种坚果中，特别是容易污染花生、玉米、稻米、大豆、小麦等粮油产品，是霉菌毒素中毒性最大、对人类健康危害极为突出的一类霉菌毒素。2017年10月27日，世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构公布的致癌物清单初步整理参考，黄曲霉毒素在一类致癌物清单中。其中黄曲霉毒素B1毒性和致癌性最强，而黄曲霉毒素M1是B1的代谢物。黄曲霉毒素对人及动物肝脏组织有破坏作用。当人摄入量大时，可发生急性中毒，出现急性肝炎、出血性坏死、肝细胞脂肪变性和胆管增生。当微量持续摄人，可造成慢性中毒，生长障碍，引起纤维性病变，致使纤维组织增生。黄曲霉毒素的致癌力也居首位，是目前已知最强致癌物之一。就毒性来看，黄曲霉素的危害要比三聚氰胺严重。
因此，我们亟需可有效清除黄曲霉毒素的制剂。
大蒜辣素具有多种生理功能，如抗病原微生物、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、降血压、降血脂、降血糖、抗血小板聚集、护肝等。大蒜辣素被誉为天然广谱抗生素药物，能抑制多种细菌。大蒜辣素中的二硫醚、三硫醚具有杀菌、抑菌作用，大蒜辣素中的二硫醚、三硫醚能穿过致病菌的细胞膜而进入细胞质中，使细菌缺乏半胱氨酸不能进行生物氧化作用，从而破坏致病菌的正常新陈代谢，使细菌巯基失活而抑制细菌的生长繁殖，研究发现不同的耐抗生素菌株均对大蒜辣素敏感，另外，也有研究表明，铜绿假单胞菌、β-溶血链球菌这类内粘蛋白菌株均对大蒜辣素有耐药性，可能亲水荚膜或内粘蛋白层阻止大蒜辣素穿透到细菌中去，除了抗细菌活性，大蒜的大蒜油成分能够表现出很强的抗真菌活性，能够抑制寄生曲霉和黄曲霉毒素等真菌毒素的生成，这主要归结于大蒜辣素分子的功劳。有研究表明，高浓度的大蒜辣素却不会对哺乳动物细胞产生毒性，这为大蒜辣素开发成特异性强、亲和性靶点分子提供了可能性。对于病毒的生长，大蒜辣素在体内、体外也表现出一定抑制活性，如乙型流感病毒、痘苗病毒、水疱性口炎病毒均能够被大蒜辣素灭活。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可用作黄曲霉毒素清除剂的组合物，本发明以蒜汁浓缩液为清除黄曲霉毒素的有效成分，即可保证所宣称的黄曲霉毒素清除效果，又具有健脾开胃，促进采食的作用。无任何有毒有害的风险，在清除黄曲霉毒素、预防黄曲霉毒素中毒、保护人类和动物健康领域具有广阔的应用前景。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现：
制备一种组合物。该组合物由下列成分组成：
1)大蒜来源的天然的挥发性含硫化合物，含量为1到60mg/mL；
2)大蒜多糖，含量为1到100mg/mL；
3)有机酸，含量为0到120mg/mL；
4)水。
其中的大蒜来源的天然的挥发性含硫化合物可以来自新鲜大蒜、大蒜干制品(蒜片、蒜粉、蒜粒等)、大蒜精油、蒜汁，但不包括化学合成的烯丙基二硫醚、三硫醚或它们的混合物。其中的大蒜多糖可以是自大蒜中分离提取得到的产品，也可以新鲜大蒜、大蒜干制品(蒜片、蒜粉、蒜粒等)、蒜汁中含有的。其中的有机酸可以是醋酸，也可以是苹果酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、丁酸、戊酸等其他有机酸，或它们的混合物。这些酸可以是添加的，也可以自然发酵产生。
组合物可以添加到饲料中，也可添加到饲料原料中。添加比例为本组合物:饲料(或饲料原料)＝10:1到1:500。
有益效果：
本发明首次发现了以大蒜来源的天然的挥发性含硫化合物、大蒜多糖和有机酸为主要活性成分的本组合物的黄曲霉毒素清除效果，采用本组合物对饲料或饲料原料进行预处理，可以达到防霉、灭霉，有效清除黄曲霉毒素的目的。
具体实施方式
下面的实例将具体说明本发明的操作方法，但不能作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
称取大蒜精油34.9mg，大蒜多糖100mg，加入到80ml冰醋酸中，向其中加入自来水至1L，即得1L该组合物。
实施例2
取已发生霉变，经检测黄曲霉毒素高达138μg/kg的棉粕与本组合物按100:50的比例拌合均匀，密封，置25-28℃的室温下放置15天，然后晾干，取样化验检测，发现棉粕中的黄曲霉毒素含量已经降至5.8μg/kg。
Claims (6)
1.一种可用作黄曲霉毒素清除剂的组合物。该组合物由下列成分组成：
1)大蒜来源的天然的挥发性含硫化合物，含量为1到60mg/mL；
2)大蒜多糖，含量为1到100mg/mL；
3)有机酸，含量为0到120mg/mL；
4)水。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种可用作黄曲霉毒素清除剂的组合物，其特征在于所述的大蒜来源的天然的挥发性含硫化合物可以来自新鲜大蒜、大蒜干制品(蒜片、蒜粉、蒜粒等)、大蒜精油、蒜汁，但不包括化学合成的烯丙基二硫醚、三硫醚或它们的混合物。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种可用作黄曲霉毒素清除剂的组合物，其特征在于所述的大蒜多糖可以是自大蒜中分离提取得到的产品，也可以新鲜大蒜、大蒜干制品(蒜片、蒜粉、蒜粒等)、蒜汁中含有的。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种可用作黄曲霉毒素清除剂的组合物，其特征在于所述的有机酸可以是醋酸，也可以是苹果酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、丁酸、戊酸等其他有机酸，或它们的混合物。这些酸可以是添加的，也可以自然发酵产生。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种可用作黄曲霉毒素清除剂的组合物，其特征在于所述的组合物可以添加到饲料中，也可添加到饲料原料中。添加比例为本组合物:饲料(或饲料原料)＝10:1到1:500。
6.如权利要求1或5所述的一种可用作黄曲霉毒素清除剂的组合物，其特征在于用如权利要求1所述的组合物对饲料或饲料原料进行预处理，可以达到防霉、灭霉，有效清除黄曲霉毒素的目的。
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