CN109404458B - Tension blade spring assembly and suspension structure - Google Patents
Tension blade spring assembly and suspension structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN109404458B CN109404458B CN201711321830.4A CN201711321830A CN109404458B CN 109404458 B CN109404458 B CN 109404458B CN 201711321830 A CN201711321830 A CN 201711321830A CN 109404458 B CN109404458 B CN 109404458B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/373—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape
- F16F1/3737—Planar, e.g. in sheet form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
- B60G11/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs
- B60G11/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having leaf springs only
- B60G11/10—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs having leaf springs only characterised by means specially adapted for attaching the spring to axle or sprung part of the vehicle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/3605—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by their material
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a tension leaf spring assembly and a suspension structure, which comprise tension leaf springs, wherein the widths of all parts of each tension leaf spring are the same; the tension blade spring comprises a front lug installation section, a front performance section, a front transition section, a U-shaped bolt installation section, a rear transition section, a rear performance section, a large arc section, a small arc section, a reverse arc section, a straight line section and a rear lug installation section. The technical scheme provides the gradual change of the spring stiffness corresponding to the load for the non-independent suspension of the automobile, so that the running smoothness and comfort of the automobile are improved; the rear eye of the tension blade spring assembly is directly connected with the rear support on the vehicle body through the bushing and the rear pin shaft, and lifting lugs are not used, so that the structure of the suspension is simplified; the tension blade spring structure of the technical scheme adopts the FRP composite material, has an active failure mode, and ensures the safety of vehicle running; the weight is about 1/4 of a steel plate spring, and the fuel economy is improved; the service life is more than 5 times longer than that of a steel plate spring, and the use cost of the plate spring is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of motor vehicle springs, and particularly relates to a tension blade spring assembly and a suspension structure.
Background
Indulge and put leaf spring can transmit various power and moment, have the direction function, so obtain wide application on the car, but the back reel lug of the leaf spring of prior art links to each other through rear bracket on bush, back round pin axle, lug bush and the automobile body, and the connection structure of back reel lug is complicated and inefficacy easily, and leaf spring quality is big simultaneously, and fuel economy is poor, and the life-span is short, and the ride comfort is poor, and unsprung mass is big, and unsprung vibration is big.
Commercial car includes big small-size freight train and passenger train, and along with the improvement of road, customer is to taking ride comfort and travelling comfort's requirement higher and higher, also higher and higher to the requirement of the protection of transporting high-grade goods, and customer also higher and higher to the reliability requirement of chassis spare part simultaneously to reduce whole car use cost.
With the development of technology, glass fiber, resin and other molded composite materials are gradually used for automobile suspension spring elements. FRP is short for fiber-Reinforced Plastic, and is interpreted as fiber-Reinforced Plastic. The FRP composite material has high specific strength-to-modulus ratio, good fatigue resistance, damping vibration attenuation performance and corrosion resistance, therefore, the FRP composite material is used as a blade spring, the smoothness and comfort of a vehicle can be greatly improved, the mass is only about 1/4 times that of a steel plate spring, the fuel efficiency is effectively improved, the unsprung mass is reduced, the unsprung vibration is reduced, the service life is about 3 times that of the steel plate spring, an elastic element does not need to be replaced within the service life range of the whole vehicle, and the use and maintenance cost of the whole vehicle is relatively low.
As disclosed in CN104842734A, CN104842734A, etc., most of the existing FRP blade spring suspensions are made of one piece, that is, only one stiffness cannot meet different load requirements, and two FRP blade springs are stacked together to meet load requirements of both empty and full load states, but not only the structure is complex, the cost is high, but also the stiffness change is uneven, and the smoothness is relatively poor.
The forming method of the FRP blade spring comprises the technical methods of a continuous fiber winding process, a compression molding process, a pultrusion process, a resin transfer molding manufacturing process (RTM) and the like, but fiber cloth of the existing compression molding process is mostly manually stacked, so that the internal structure of the material is uneven, and the parameters such as the elastic modulus and the like are greatly changed; the resin transfer molding manufacturing process (RTM) can also cause the internal structure of the material of the FRP composite spring to be uneven and the parameters such as the elastic modulus to be greatly changed if the resin injection pressure is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tension blade spring assembly and a suspension structure, and the tension blade spring is used for replacing the existing steel plate spring on the premise of ensuring the performance and reliability of the suspension so as to solve the problems of large mass, poor smoothness, short service life and the like of the existing steel plate spring suspension; the problem that only one rigidity of the existing leaf spring cannot meet the load requirement is solved; the rear eye of the tension blade spring assembly is connected with the rear support without using a lifting lug, and is directly connected with the rear support on the vehicle body through a bushing and a rear pin shaft, so that the structure of the suspension is simplified, and the reliability of the suspension is improved; each cross section of the tension blade spring is quadrilateral, four corners of the tension blade spring are provided with chamfers, the larger the sectional area is, the larger the radius of the chamfers is, so that the phenomena of wire shedding and the like caused by large edge stress of the tension blade spring are prevented; the stress of the tension leaf spring from the plate end to the middle part is optimized, and the reliability and the service life of the tension leaf spring are improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a tension leaf spring comprises a tension leaf spring, wherein the widths of all parts of the tension leaf spring are the same;
when extending from the front end to the rear end, the tension blade spring sequentially comprises a front lug installation section, a front performance section, a front transition section, a U-shaped bolt installation section, a rear transition section, a rear performance section, a large arc section, a small arc section, a reverse arc section, a straight line section and a rear lug installation section; the front lug installation section, the front performance section, the front transition section, the U-shaped bolt installation section, the rear transition section, the rear performance section, the large arc section, the small arc section, the reverse arc section, the straight line section and the rear lug installation section are sequentially connected to form the tension blade spring;
the front scroll ear installation section is a cube with the thickness of1(ii) a The thickness of the joint of the front ear-rolling mounting section and the front performance section is2(ii) a The thickness of the joint of the front performance section and the front transition section is3(ii) a The thickness of the U-shaped bolt mounting section is4(ii) a The thickness of the joint of the rear transition section and the rear performance section is5(ii) a The thickness of the joint of the rear performance section and the large arc section is6(ii) a The thickness of the joint of the large arc section and the small arc section is7(ii) a The upper and lower surfaces of the reverse arc section are concentric and have the thickness of8(ii) a The straight line segment is a cube with the thickness of9(ii) a The thickness of the back rolling lug mounting section is10，1＝2+0.5～1，2＜3＜4，4＞5＞6＞7＞8，8＝9，10＝9+ 0.5-1, wherein the upper and lower outer surfaces of the joint of each section are in arc transition;
when the tension blade spring is in a free state, the distance from the middle part of the front rolling lug mounting section to the upper plane of the U-shaped bolt mounting section is h1SaidThe distance from the top end of the reverse arc section to the upper plane of the U-shaped bolt mounting section is h2The distance from the middle part of the rear lug installation section to the upper plane of the U-shaped bolt installation section is h3，h2＞h1＞h3；
Each cross section of the tension blade spring is quadrilateral, and four corners of the tension blade spring are provided with fillets, the larger the sectional area is, the larger the fillet radius is, and the fillet radius is 3-7 mm;
two bolt through holes are formed in the front lug mounting section and the rear lug mounting section;
the U-shaped bolt mounting section is provided with an upper counter bore and a lower counter bore which are coaxial, and the depths of the upper counter bore and the lower counter bore are about 6 mm;
the tension blade spring is made of FRP composite materials, the matrix is made of resin, the reinforcing materials are fiber cloth which is overlapped together, and fibers in the fiber cloth are mainly glass fibers;
the tension blade spring may be manufactured by a compression molding process.
The thickness of the front performance section is from2To3Is a linear variable cross section or a parabolic variable cross section; the thickness of the rear performance section is from5To6Is a linear variable cross section or a parabolic variable cross section.
The compression molding process of the tension blade spring comprises a fiber belt weaving process, a pre-dipping process, a fiber belt stacking and cutting process, a compression molding process, a shaping process and a finished product processing process;
before processing, manufacturing a stacking cushion tool and a compression molding die, wherein the shape of one side of the cushion tool is the same as that of the tension blade spring in a free state; fillets are arranged on two sides of the bottom surface of a lower die of the compression molding die, and the radius of each fillet is equal to that of the cross section of the tension blade spring; sharp corners are arranged on two sides of the bottom surface of the upper die, fillets are arranged on the inner sides of the sharp corners, and the radius of each fillet is equal to that of the cross section of the tension blade spring;
in the ribbon knitting step, a knitting machine is used to knit the fiber into a ribbon having a width equal to that of the tension leaf spring, and the ribbon is wound around a drum to form a ribbon reel;
in the pre-dipping procedure, the fiber tape reel is loaded into a mechanical arm, the roller is fixed on a rotating shaft, the end of the fiber tape is pulled, the fiber tape reel rolls on the rotating shaft, and the fiber tape is immersed in resin;
in the fiber band stacking and cutting process, a mechanical arm discharges the pre-impregnated fiber bands, moves along the shape of the mat, stacks the pre-impregnated fiber bands on the mat layer by layer, cuts the pre-impregnated fiber bands according to a set length, stacks the pre-impregnated fiber bands layer by layer from bottom to top according to the designed thickness of each part of the tension blade spring, stacks the shortest fiber band after a plurality of longest fiber bands are stacked below, stacks longer fiber bands layer by layer until next longer fiber bands are stacked, stacks shorter fiber bands layer by layer from the next longer fiber bands until the shortest fiber bands are stacked, and finally stacks the plurality of longest fiber bands above, wherein the number of the longest fiber bands above and below is equal;
in the compression molding process, after the fiber belts are stacked, the fiber belts are placed into a lower die of a compression molding die, the outer side of the upper die is pressed downwards along the inner side of the lower die, redundant resin is extruded out, and the fiber belts are ejected out of the die after being kept warm for a certain time to form a tension blade spring blank;
in the shaping and finished product processing procedures, the tension blade spring blank is firstly placed on a shaping clamp for shaping, then edge burrs are removed, redundant parts at two ends are cut off, bolt through holes at two ends, the upper counter bore and the lower counter bore are processed, and the manufacturing of the tension blade spring is completed.
A tension blade spring assembly comprises any tension blade spring, a front rolling lug, a front bushing, a cover plate, a rear rolling lug body, a lower fixing plate and a rear bushing;
the front bushing is pressed into the front rolling lug, and the front rolling lug is fixedly connected with the front rolling lug mounting section through a bolt and an adhesive; the rear lug rolling body and the lower fixing plate are fixedly connected with the rear lug rolling mounting section through bolts and adhesives; the two cover plates are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the U-shaped bolt mounting section through adhesives.
The front rolling lug is provided with a front lining mounting hole and a plate end fixing groove, an upper plate and a lower plate of the plate end fixing groove are parallel to each other and are aligned all around, the center lines of the bolt through holes of the front rolling lug corresponding to the upper plate and the lower plate are collinear, and the center line of the cylindrical surface of the front lining mounting hole is positioned below the middle surface of the plate end fixing groove.
The rear lug rolling body is provided with a plate end upper fixing surface, a rear bushing mounting hole, 2 rear lug rolling bolt through holes, 2 threaded holes and a plate end limiting plate; the lower fixing plate is provided with a side flanging, an end flanging and 4 lower bolt through holes; after the installation, the back book ear bolt via hole on the back book ear body, the central line of screw hole and the central line of lower bolt via hole on the bottom plate corresponds the collineation, the side turn-ups on the bottom plate with fixed surface is pressed close to and the outside aligns on the board end on the back book ear body, the last end turn-ups of bottom plate with board end limiting plate on the back book ear body is pressed close to and the outside aligns.
The cover plate consists of a plate body and a positioning pin, the plate body is a groove-shaped metal plate, and a circular hole is formed in the middle of the plate body; the positioning pin consists of a large cylinder and a small cylinder; the small cylinder on the positioning pin is in interference fit with the round hole on the plate body; after installation, the large cylinder on the positioning pin is in interference fit with the upper counter bore and the lower counter bore on the U-shaped bolt installation section respectively.
The suspension structure of the tension blade spring assembly comprises the tension blade spring assembly, a frame, a front support, a front pin shaft, a U-shaped bolt, a rear axle, a U-shaped bolt base plate, a rear pin shaft and a rear support; the front bracket and the rear bracket are fixed on the frame; the front end of the tension blade spring assembly is arranged on the front bracket through the front pin shaft and the nut; the rear end of the tension blade spring assembly is arranged on the rear bracket through the rear pin shaft and the nut; the U-shaped bolt mounting section of the tension blade spring assembly is fixed on the rear axle through the U-shaped bolt backing plate, the U-shaped bolt and a nut;
the U-shaped bolt installation section jumps upwards after being stressed, the front performance section and the rear performance section are gradually flattened, the longitudinal effective length from the rear transition section to the rear eye installation section is shortened, the rigidity of the rear section is rapidly increased, the whole rigidity of the tension blade spring is increased therewith, and the nonlinear characteristic of the rigidity of the tension blade spring is formed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the tension blade spring of the technical scheme provides gradually changed spring stiffness for the non-independent suspension of the automobile, and different stiffness corresponds to different loads borne by the suspension, so that the vibration frequency of the suspension is not greatly changed, and the running smoothness and comfort of the automobile are improved; the rear eye of the tension blade spring assembly is connected with the rear support without using a lifting lug, and is directly connected with the rear support on the vehicle body through a bushing and a rear pin shaft, so that the structure of the suspension is simplified, and the reliability of the suspension is improved; the tension blade spring structure of the technical scheme adopts the FRP composite material, the stress of each part of the tension blade spring from the plate end to the middle part is optimized, an active failure mode is realized, and the safety of vehicle running is ensured; the weight is about 1/4 of a steel plate spring, and the fuel economy is improved; the service life is more than 5 times longer than that of a steel plate spring, and the use cost of the plate spring is greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a tension leaf spring
FIG. 2 is a front view of a tension leaf spring
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 2
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a compression molding process of a tension blade spring blank
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a tension leaf spring assembly
FIG. 7 is a front view of a tension leaf spring assembly
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 7
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of FIG. 8 taken at the point I
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of FIG. 8 taken at II
FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of FIG. 8 at III
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a front eye
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a cover plate
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a rear ear curl
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the lower fixing plate
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a tension blade leaf spring assembly and suspension mounting
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a backing plate
FIG. 18 is a characteristic diagram of a leaf spring
Wherein: 1-a tension leaf spring; 101-a front eye mounting section; 102-front performance segment; 103-front transition section; 104-a U-bolt mounting section; 105-a rear transition section; 106-post performance segment; 107-large circular arc section; 108-small arc segment; 109-a reverse arc segment; 110-straight line segment; 111-rear eye mounting section; 112-upper counter bore; 113-lower counter bore; 114-rounded corners; 115-tension leaf spring blank; 116-upper mold; 117-lower die; 118-sharp corner; 119-outside of the upper die; 120-inside of lower mold; 2-rolling the ears before; 21-front bushing mounting holes; 22-plate end fixing groove; 23-front eye bolt via holes; 3-front lining; 4-cover plate; 41-plate body; 42-a positioning pin; 5-rolling the ear body after the ear is rolled up; 51-rear bushing mounting holes; 52-rear eye bolt through hole; 53-plate end upper fixing surface; 54-a threaded hole; 55-plate end limit plate; 6-lower fixing plate; 61-lower plate end fixing surface; 62-side flanging; 63-flanging the end; 64-lower bolt vias; 7-rear bushing; 8-a frame; 9-front support; 10-front pin shaft; 11-U-bolt; 12-a rear axle; 121-leaf spring holder; 13-U-bolt backing plate; 131-a central via; 132-arc surface; 133-upwarping; 14-rear pin shaft; 15-rear support.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below by examples, and the following examples are only exemplary and can be used only for explaining and explaining the technical solutions of the present invention, but not construed as limiting the technical solutions of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings.
Example (b):
the tension blade spring assembly and the suspension structure comprise a tension blade spring 1, a front rolling lug 2, a front bushing 3, a cover plate 4, a rear rolling lug body 5, a lower fixing plate 6, a rear bushing 7, a frame 8, a front support 9, a front pin shaft 10, a U-shaped bolt 11, a rear axle 12, a U-shaped bolt backing plate 13, a rear pin shaft 14, a rear support 15 and the like, wherein the tension blade spring assembly is assembled by the tension blade spring 1, the front rolling lug 2, the front bushing 3, the cover plate 4, the rear rolling lug body 5, the lower fixing plate 6, the rear bushing 7 and the like.
Each section of the tension leaf spring 1 is equal in width, the front rolling lug installation section 101 is a cube, and the thickness is1(ii) a The thickness of the joint of the front ear-rolling mounting section 101 and the front performance section 102 is2(ii) a The thickness of the junction of the front performance section 102 and the front transition section 103 is3(ii) a The thickness of the U-bolt mounting section 104 is4(ii) a The thickness of the junction of the rear transition section 105 and the rear performance section 106 is5(ii) a The thickness of the joint of the rear performance section 106 and the great arc section 107 is6(ii) a The thickness of the joint of the large arc segment 107 and the small arc segment 108 is7(ii) a The upper and lower surfaces of the reverse arc segment 109 are concentric and have a thickness of8(ii) a The straight line segment 110 is a cube with a thickness of9(ii) a The rear lug mounting section 111 has a thickness of10，1＝2+0.5～1，2＜3＜4，4＞5＞6＞7＞8，8＝9，10＝9+ 0.5-1, the upper and lower outer surfaces of the joint of each section are in arc transition, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3.
When the tension leaf spring 1 is in a free state, the middle part of the front rolling lug mounting section 101 is arranged on the U-shaped bolt mounting section 104The distance of the planes is h1The distance from the top end of the reverse arc segment 109 to the upper plane of the U-shaped bolt mounting segment 104 is h2The distance from the middle part of the rear lug mounting section 111 to the upper plane of the U-shaped bolt mounting section 104 is h3，h2＞h1＞h3As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3.
The cross section of each part of the tension blade spring 1 is quadrilateral, the four corners of the tension blade spring are provided with fillets 114, the larger the sectional area is, the larger the fillet radius is, the radius of the fillet 114 is 3-7 mm, and therefore the phenomenon that the wire is taken off due to the large edge stress of the tension blade spring 1 is prevented, and the like, as shown in fig. 4.
The tension leaf spring 1 can be manufactured by adopting the processes of compression molding and the like.
The compression molding process of the tension blade spring 1 comprises a fiber belt weaving process, a pre-dipping process, a fiber belt stacking and cutting process, a compression molding process, a shaping process and a finished product processing process.
Before processing, manufacturing a stacking cushion tool and a compression molding die, wherein the shape of one side of the cushion tool is the same as that of the tension blade spring in a free state; both sides of the bottom surface of a lower die 117 of the compression molding die are provided with fillets, and the radius of the fillets is equal to that of the fillets 114 of the tension blade spring 1; two sides of the bottom surface of the upper die 116 are provided with sharp corners 118, the inner sides of the sharp corners are provided with round corners, and the radius of the round corners is equal to that of the round corners 114 of the tension blade spring 1, so that the round corners 114 are arranged on each cross section of the tension blade spring 1 after compression molding, as shown in fig. 4 and 5.
In the ribbon knitting step, the fiber is knitted into a ribbon having a width equal to that of the tension leaf spring 1 by a knitting machine, and the ribbon is wound around a drum to form a ribbon reel.
In the pre-dipping process, a fiber tape reel is loaded into a robot, a roller is fixed on a rotating shaft, the end of the fiber tape is pulled, the fiber tape reel rolls on the rotating shaft, and the fiber tape is dipped into resin.
In the fiber band stacking and cutting process, a mechanical arm discharges the pre-soaked fiber band, moves along the shape of the mat, stacks the pre-soaked fiber band on the mat, cuts the pre-soaked fiber band according to a set length, stacks the pre-soaked fiber band layer by layer from bottom to top according to the designed thickness of each part of the tension blade spring 1, stacks the shortest fiber band after a plurality of longest fiber bands are stacked below, stacks longer fiber bands layer by layer to a next longer fiber band, stacks shorter fiber bands layer by layer from the next longer fiber band to the shortest fiber band, and finally stacks the plurality of longest fiber bands above, wherein the number of the longest fiber bands above and below is equal.
In the compression molding process, after the fiber tape is completely stacked, the fiber tape is placed into a lower mold of a compression molding mold, an outer side 119 of the upper mold is tightly attached to an inner side 120 of the lower mold, and is pressed and molded downward along the inner side 120 of the lower mold, and excess resin is extruded out of the mold after being kept warm for a certain time, so that a tension blade spring blank is formed, as shown in fig. 5.
In the shaping and finished product processing procedures, a tension blade spring blank is firstly placed on a shaping clamp for shaping, then edge burrs are removed, redundant parts at two ends are cut off, bolt through holes at two ends and an upper counter bore 112 and a lower counter bore 113 are processed, and the manufacturing of the tension blade spring 1 is completed.
The tension blade spring 1 can also be manufactured by an HP-FRP process, which comprises the working procedures of weaving fiber cloth, laminating the fiber cloth, spot welding the laminated layer, preforming, cutting, HP-RTM forming, shaping, post-processing and the like, shaping and finished product processing, weaving the fiber cloth with different fiber angles, cutting the fiber cloth into different sizes according to the design requirement and stacking the fiber cloth to form the laminated fiber cloth, uniformly scattering adhesive between fiber cloth before stacking, spot welding the fiber cloth stacks together, placing the fiber cloth stacks into a preforming mold for preforming to form a fiber board with the upper surface and the lower surface similar to the upper and lower shapes of the tension blade spring 1, cutting the fiber board into a plurality of fiber blanks, respectively placing the fiber blanks into a plurality of cavities of an HP-RTM forming mold, locking the HP-RTM forming mold, vacuumizing firstly, injecting resin under high pressure, shaping and post-processing to finish the manufacturing of the tension blade spring 1.
The front lug 2 is a metal piece, and is provided with a front bush mounting hole 21, a plate end fixing groove 22, a front lug bolt through hole 23 and the like, and the front bush mounting hole 21 is used for mounting the front bush 3; the plate end fixing groove 22 is used for fixing the front lug installation section 101 of the tension blade spring 1, an upper plate and a lower plate of the plate end fixing groove 22 are parallel to each other and are aligned peripherally, the upper plate and the lower plate of the plate end fixing groove 22 are respectively provided with two front lug bolt through holes 23, and the central lines of the corresponding front lug bolt through holes 23 on the upper plate and the lower plate are collinear; the center line of the cylindrical surface of the front bushing installation hole 21 is located below the middle surface of the plate end fixing groove 22 so as to reduce the longitudinal length of the rear section of the tension blade spring 1, as shown in fig. 6, 8, 9, and 12.
The cover plate 4 consists of a plate body 41 and a positioning pin 42, wherein the plate body 41 is a groove-shaped metal plate, and a circular hole is formed in the middle of the plate body; the positioning pin 42 is composed of a large cylinder and a small cylinder; pressing the positioning pin 42 into the central circular hole of the plate body 41 to form the cover plate 4; the small cylinder of the positioning pin 42 is in interference fit with the middle circular hole of the plate body 41, as shown in fig. 6, 8, 10 and 13.
The rear lug body 5 is provided with a rear bushing mounting hole 51, a rear lug bolt through hole 52, a plate end upper fixing surface 53, a threaded hole 54 and a plate end limiting plate 55, and the rear bushing mounting hole 51 is cylindrical and is used for mounting the rear bushing 7; the plate-end upper fixing surface 53 and the plate-end limiting plate 55 are used for mounting and limiting the back lug mounting segment 111, as shown in fig. 6, 8, 11 and 14.
The lower fixing plate 6 is a sheet metal part and is provided with a plate end lower fixing surface 61, a side flanging 62, an end flanging 63 and a lower bolt through hole 64, the plate end lower fixing surface 61 is used for fixing the lower surface of the rear lug mounting section 111, the side flanging 62 is used for fixing the side surface of the rear lug mounting section 111, and the end flanging 63 is used for fixing the end surface of the rear lug mounting section 111, as shown in fig. 6, 8, 11 and 15.
The U-shaped bolt backing plate 13 is provided with a central through hole 131, an arc surface 132 and an upturned 133, the central through hole 131 is used for positioning the U-shaped bolt backing plate 13, the arc surface 132 is used for preventing interference with the U-shaped bolt 11, and the upturned 133 is used for preventing the U-shaped bolt 11 from being disengaged, as shown in fig. 17.
The front bushing 3 is pressed into the front bushing mounting hole 21 of the front eye 2, the adhesive is coated on the inner sides of the front eye mounting section 101 of the tension blade spring 1 and the plate end fixing groove 22 of the front eye 2, the front eye mounting section 101 of the tension blade spring 1 is inserted into the plate end fixing groove 22 of the front eye 2, the tension blade spring 1 and the front eye 2 are bonded together, 2 nuts are respectively passed through the bolt through hole on the front eye mounting section 101 and the front eye bolt through hole 23 on the front eye 2, and are fixed by the nuts, as shown in fig. 6, 8, 9 and 12.
Pressing the rear bushing 7 into a rear bushing mounting hole 51 of the rear lug body 5, respectively coating adhesives on a rear lug mounting section 111 at the rear end of the tension blade spring 1, a plate end upper fixing surface 53 of the rear lug body 5 and a plate end lower fixing surface 61 of the lower fixing plate 6, respectively penetrating 2 bolts through a rear lug bolt through hole 52 of the rear lug body 5, a through hole of the rear lug mounting section 111 at the rear end of the tension blade spring 1 and a lower bolt through hole 64 on the lower fixing plate 6, and fixing by 2 nuts; and 2 bolts respectively pass through the lower bolt through holes 64 on the lower fixing plate 6 and the bolt through holes on the outer side of the rear lug mounting section 111 of the tension blade spring 1, are screwed into the threaded holes 54 of the rear lug body 5, and are tightened, as shown in fig. 6, 8, 11, 14 and 15.
Respectively coating adhesives on the upper surface and the lower surface of the U-shaped bolt mounting section 104 of the tension blade spring 1 and the inner surfaces of the two cover plates 4, aligning the positioning pin 41 on one cover plate 4 with the upper counter bore 112 of the U-shaped bolt mounting section 104 of the tension blade spring 1, pressing down to adhere the cover plate 4 to the U-shaped bolt mounting section 104, similarly aligning the positioning pin 41 on the other cover plate 4 with the lower counter bore 113 of the U-shaped bolt mounting section 104 of the tension blade spring 1, and pressing up to adhere the cover plate 4 to the U-shaped bolt mounting section 104, thereby completing the installation of the tension blade spring assembly, as shown in fig. 6, 8, 10 and 13.
The center hole 131 of the U-bolt adapter plate 13 is fitted over the dowel pin 41 of the cover plate 4, and 2U- bolts 11 and 4 nuts are used to secure one tension blade spring assembly to the leaf spring bracket 121 on the left side of the axle 12, and likewise, the other tension blade spring assembly is secured to the right side of the axle 12, as shown in fig. 16 and 17.
The axle 12 is lifted and moved, the front pin shafts 10 respectively pass through the inner holes of the front bracket 9 and the inner bushing 3 at the front end of the tension blade spring assembly, the front end of the tension blade spring assembly is fixed on the front bracket 9 by nuts, the rear pin shafts 14 respectively pass through the inner holes of the rear bracket 15 and the inner bushing 7 at the rear end of the tension blade spring assembly, the rear end of the tension blade spring assembly is fixed on the rear bracket 15 by nuts, and similarly, the other tension blade spring assembly is fixed on the right side of the frame 8, so that the whole installation of the tension blade spring 1 is completed, as shown in fig. 16 and 17.
Principle of operation
The wheels and the hubs are respectively fixed on the axle 12, and the ground vertical acting force applied to the wheels is transmitted to the vehicle body 8 through the axle 12, the tension blade spring 1, the front support 9 and the rear support 15 in the running process of the vehicle.
The rear lifting lug is not adopted, conditions are provided for forming the nonlinear characteristic for the rigidity of the tension blade spring 1, the structure is simpler, and the weight is reduced.
Because the rear end of the tension blade spring assembly is not connected with the rear bracket 15 through a lifting lug, when the axle 12 is stressed and then jumps upwards, the front performance section 102 and the rear performance section 106 of the tension blade spring 1 are gradually flattened, because no lifting lug exists, the rear end of the tension blade spring 1 cannot move backwards, the longitudinal effective length from the rear transition section 105 to the rear lug installation section 111 is shortened, the rigidity of the rear section is rapidly increased, the rigidity of the whole tension blade spring 1 is increased therewith, and the nonlinear characteristic of the rigidity 1 of the tension blade spring is formed, as shown in fig. 18, therefore, the characteristic of the tension blade spring 1 is not linear like that of a common single blade spring, the no-load and full-load can be met, the no-load and full-load smoothness is ensured, and the riding comfort of the.
The foregoing is merely a description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and it should be noted that there are objectively infinite specific structures due to the limited nature of the written expressions and that several modifications and refinements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the present invention and these modifications and refinements should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A tension leaf spring characterized by: the widths of all parts of the tension blade spring are the same;
when extending from the front end to the rear end, the tension blade spring sequentially comprises a front lug installation section, a front performance section, a front transition section, a U-shaped bolt installation section, a rear transition section, a rear performance section, a large arc section, a small arc section, a reverse arc section, a straight line section and a rear lug installation section; the front lug installation section, the front performance section, the front transition section, the U-shaped bolt installation section, the rear transition section, the rear performance section, the large arc section, the small arc section, the reverse arc section, the straight line section and the rear lug installation section are sequentially connected to form the tension blade spring;
the front scroll ear installation section is a cube with the thickness of1(ii) a The thickness of the joint of the front ear-rolling mounting section and the front performance section is2(ii) a The thickness of the joint of the front performance section and the front transition section is3(ii) a The thickness of the U-shaped bolt mounting section is4(ii) a The thickness of the joint of the rear transition section and the rear performance section is5(ii) a The thickness of the joint of the rear performance section and the large arc section is6(ii) a The thickness of the joint of the large arc section and the small arc section is7(ii) a The upper and lower surfaces of the reverse arc section are concentric and have the thickness of8(ii) a The straight line segment is a cube with the thickness of9(ii) a The thickness of the back rolling lug mounting section is10，1＝2+0.5～1，2＜3＜4，4＞5＞6＞7＞8，8＝9，10＝9+ 0.5-1, wherein the upper and lower outer surfaces of the joint of each section are in arc transition;
when the tension blade spring is in a free state, the distance from the middle part of the front rolling lug mounting section to the upper plane of the U-shaped bolt mounting section is h1The distance from the top end of the reverse arc section to the upper plane of the U-shaped bolt mounting section is h2The distance from the middle part of the rear lug installation section to the upper plane of the U-shaped bolt installation section is h3，h2＞h1＞h3；
Each cross section of the tension blade spring is quadrilateral, and four corners of the tension blade spring are provided with fillets, the larger the sectional area is, the larger the fillet radius is, and the fillet radius is 3-7 mm;
two bolt through holes are formed in the front lug mounting section and the rear lug mounting section;
the U-shaped bolt mounting section is provided with an upper counter bore and a lower counter bore which are coaxial, and the depths of the upper counter bore and the lower counter bore are about 6 mm;
the tension blade spring is made of FRP composite materials, the matrix is made of resin, the reinforcing materials are fiber cloth which is overlapped together, and fibers in the fiber cloth are mainly glass fibers;
the tension blade spring can be manufactured by a compression molding process method;
the compression molding process of the tension blade spring comprises a fiber belt weaving process, a pre-dipping process, a fiber belt stacking and cutting process, a compression molding process, a shaping process and a finished product processing process;
before processing, manufacturing a stacking cushion tool and a compression molding die, wherein the shape of one side of the cushion tool is the same as that of the tension blade spring in a free state; fillets are arranged on two sides of the bottom surface of a lower die of the compression molding die, and the radius of each fillet is equal to that of the cross section of the tension blade spring; sharp corners are arranged on two sides of the bottom surface of the upper die, fillets are arranged on the inner sides of the sharp corners, and the radius of each fillet is equal to that of the cross section of the tension blade spring;
in the ribbon knitting step, a knitting machine is used to knit the fiber into a ribbon having a width equal to that of the tension leaf spring, and the ribbon is wound around a drum to form a ribbon reel;
in the pre-dipping procedure, the fiber tape reel is loaded into a mechanical arm, the roller is fixed on a rotating shaft, the end of the fiber tape is pulled, the fiber tape reel rolls on the rotating shaft, and the fiber tape is immersed in resin;
in the fiber band stacking and cutting process, a mechanical arm discharges the pre-impregnated fiber bands, moves along the shape of the mat, stacks the pre-impregnated fiber bands on the mat layer by layer, cuts the pre-impregnated fiber bands according to a set length, stacks the pre-impregnated fiber bands layer by layer from bottom to top according to the designed thickness of each part of the tension blade spring, stacks the shortest fiber band after a plurality of longest fiber bands are stacked below, stacks longer fiber bands layer by layer until next longer fiber bands are stacked, stacks shorter fiber bands layer by layer from the next longer fiber bands until the shortest fiber bands are stacked, and finally stacks the plurality of longest fiber bands above, wherein the number of the longest fiber bands above and below is equal;
in the compression molding process, after the fiber belts are stacked, the fiber belts are placed into a lower die of a compression molding die, the outer side of the upper die is pressed downwards along the inner side of the lower die, redundant resin is extruded out, and the fiber belts are ejected out of the die after being kept warm for a certain time to form a tension blade spring blank;
in the shaping and finished product processing procedures, the tension blade spring blank is firstly placed on a shaping clamp for shaping, then edge burrs are removed, redundant parts at two ends are cut off, bolt through holes at two ends, the upper counter bore and the lower counter bore are processed, and the manufacturing of the tension blade spring is completed.
2. The tension blade spring of claim 1, wherein the front performance section has a thickness of from2To3Is a linear variable cross section or a parabolic variable cross section; the thickness of the rear performance section is from5To6Is a linear variable cross section or a parabolic variable cross section.
3. A tension leaf spring assembly characterized by: the tension blade spring of any one of claims 1 to 2, further comprising a front lug, a front bushing, a cover plate, a rear lug body, a bottom plate, a rear bushing;
the front bushing is pressed into the front rolling lug, and the front rolling lug is fixedly connected with the front rolling lug mounting section through a bolt and an adhesive; the rear lug rolling body and the lower fixing plate are fixedly connected with the rear lug rolling mounting section through bolts and adhesives; the two cover plates are arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the U-shaped bolt mounting section through adhesives.
4. The tension blade spring assembly of claim 3 wherein: the front rolling lug is provided with a front lining mounting hole and a plate end fixing groove, an upper plate and a lower plate of the plate end fixing groove are parallel to each other and are aligned all around, the center lines of the bolt through holes of the front rolling lug corresponding to the upper plate and the lower plate are collinear, and the center line of the cylindrical surface of the front lining mounting hole is positioned below the middle surface of the plate end fixing groove.
5. The tension blade spring assembly of claim 3 wherein: the rear lug rolling body is provided with a plate end upper fixing surface, a rear bushing mounting hole, 2 rear lug rolling bolt through holes, 2 threaded holes and a plate end limiting plate; the lower fixing plate is provided with a side flanging, an end flanging and 4 lower bolt through holes; after the installation, the back book ear bolt via hole on the back book ear body, the central line of screw hole and the central line of lower bolt via hole on the bottom plate corresponds the collineation, the side turn-ups on the bottom plate with fixed surface is pressed close to and the outside aligns on the board end on the back book ear body, the last end turn-ups of bottom plate with board end limiting plate on the back book ear body is pressed close to and the outside aligns.
6. The tension blade spring assembly of claim 3 wherein: the cover plate consists of a plate body and a positioning pin, the plate body is a groove-shaped metal plate, and a circular hole is formed in the middle of the plate body; the positioning pin consists of a large cylinder and a small cylinder; the small cylinder on the positioning pin is in interference fit with the round hole on the plate body; after installation, the large cylinder on the positioning pin is in interference fit with the upper counter bore and the lower counter bore on the U-shaped bolt installation section respectively.
7. A suspension structure characterized in that: the tension blade spring assembly of any one of claims 3 to 6, further comprising a frame, a front bracket, a front pin, a U-bolt, a rear axle, a U-bolt backing plate, a rear pin, a rear bracket; the front bracket and the rear bracket are fixed on the frame; the front end of the tension blade spring assembly is arranged on the front bracket through the front pin shaft and the nut; the rear end of the tension blade spring assembly is arranged on the rear bracket through the rear pin shaft and the nut; the U-shaped bolt mounting section of the tension blade spring assembly is fixed on the rear axle through the U-shaped bolt backing plate, the U-shaped bolt and a nut;
the U-shaped bolt installation section jumps upwards after being stressed, the front performance section and the rear performance section are gradually flattened, the longitudinal effective length from the rear transition section to the rear eye installation section is shortened, the rigidity of the rear section is rapidly increased, the whole rigidity of the tension blade spring is increased therewith, and the nonlinear characteristic of the rigidity of the tension blade spring is formed.
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| CN201711321830.4A CN109404458B (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2017-12-12 | Tension blade spring assembly and suspension structure |
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| CN201711321830.4A CN109404458B (en) | 2017-12-12 | 2017-12-12 | Tension blade spring assembly and suspension structure |
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| CN109404458B true CN109404458B (en) | 2020-09-04 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022066132A1 (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-31 | Sabanci Üniversitesi | A multi-stage spring system suitable for use in vehicles |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113370731A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-10 | 东风柳州汽车有限公司 | Leaf spring suspension |
| CN113953760A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-21 | 东风汽车底盘***有限公司 | Single leaf spring and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN109404458A (en) | 2019-03-01 |
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Effective date of registration: 20200812 Address after: 246000 3-9 square kilometers Industrial Park of Anqing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Anhui Province Applicant after: ANQING ANHUANG AUTO PARTS Co.,Ltd. Address before: 230022 Hefei City, Anhui Province, No. 27, Lucheng Lily apartment, No. 4-1502 Applicant before: Liu Shouyin |
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