CN109404156A - The combustion chamber of diesel engine with direct injection - Google Patents
The combustion chamber of diesel engine with direct injection Download PDFInfo
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- CN109404156A CN109404156A CN201811503333.0A CN201811503333A CN109404156A CN 109404156 A CN109404156 A CN 109404156A CN 201811503333 A CN201811503333 A CN 201811503333A CN 109404156 A CN109404156 A CN 109404156A
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- combustion chamber
- boss
- circular arc
- bus
- piston
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/26—Pistons having combustion chamber in piston head
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of combustion chambers of diesel engine with direct injection, are located at the center or non-central of the piston-top surface of piston only, combustion chamber includes upper step, necking, bottom circular arc and central boss.Upper step is the annular surface of combustion chamber and piston-top surface arc contact, and the axial cross section of upper step includes top-down first step straightway and second step straightway；Necking is located at the lower section of upper step, necking arc convex shape annular in shape, and with the smooth circular arc dovetail in the lower part of second step straightway；Bottom circular arc is located at the bottom of combustion chamber, the smooth circular arc dovetail in the lower part of bottom circular arc and necking；Central boss is located at the center of combustion chamber, and central boss is substantially in a circular table shape, and central boss includes the first boss piled up from top to bottom, second boss and third boss；The lower part of third boss and the smooth circular arc dovetail of bottom circular arc.Whereby, it can achieve and improve the purpose that fuel economy reduction discharges pollutants.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to diesel engine manufacturing fields, especially with regard to a kind of combustion chamber of diesel engine with direct injection.
Background technique
Currently, national legislation very requires to be continuously improved to the fuel economy of diesel engine and exhaust pollutant discharge limitation,
The year two thousand twenty the whole country in July will implement stringent six b emission regulation of state to the city vehicle of diesel powered, in July, 2019 I
State will carry out the heavy type commercial vehicle fuel consumption limit value of phase III, and phase III limit value reduces by 15% than second stage.
Therefore, to meet the combustion system that laws and regulations requirement must design high-efficiency cleaning, wherein combustion-chamber shape is combustion system of diesel engine
One of key, it is necessary to according to air-fuel mixture process in rationalization's cylinder the characteristics of diesel engine operating condition, to reach abundant
The purpose that burning and contaminant restraining generate.
Typical combustion chamber of direct-injection diesel engine shape is the ω shape of necking at present, referring to Figure 1 and its deformed shape,
It please participate in Fig. 2.The combustion chamber of ω shape is located at the center or non-central place of the piston-top surface 2 of piston only 1.Fig. 1-Fig. 2 is painted
It is centrally located embodiment.
The characteristics of shape combustion chamber ω is: combustion chamber center is equipped with boss 3, and boss is mostly truncated conical shape and part combustion chamber is convex
Platform top is spherical surface, and boss side surfaces 9 extend to bottom of combustion chamber；Combustion chamber forms lower combustion chamber space after reaching maximum gauge
15, chamber diameter is gradually reduced until minimum value when then extending to piston-top surface again, and combustion chamber is made to form a necking 11,
Necking is also referred to as aditus laryngis, and then chamber diameter remains unchanged or has chamfering circular arc to make combustion chamber before reaching piston-top surface 2
Diameter slightly increases.
The characteristics of deformation combustion chamber of necking ω shape is: when extending from necking 11 to piston-top surface 2, chamber diameter increases again
Greatly, the top bags 14 is formed with a step shape or inclined plane shape between necking 11 and piston-top surface 2.Necking
ω shape combustion chamber cooperate intake swirl, burning indoor air tissue burning can be made full use of；And there are step or inclined-plane mistake
The deformation ω shape combustion chamber crossed increases the top bags 14, improves air-fuel mixture quality in cylinder, improves combustion economization
And reduce soot emissions.
The top surface of typical ω shape combustion chamber central boss is plane or spherical surface, the bus of boss side surfaces be in combustion chamber
Heart line forms an angle and the straight line tangent with bottom of combustion chamber circular arc.On the one hand the effect of boss is to spray into combustion chamber in fuel oil
Stage, the air at combustion chamber center is pressed into two sides and promotes air-fuel mixture, is on the other hand that will enter the mixed of bottom of combustion chamber
It closes conductance and flows to combustion chamber center, and continue water conservancy diversion in piston descending phase.Combustion-chamber depth decide boss side surfaces bus with
The angle of combustion chamber centerline, combustion-chamber depth is smaller, and the folder of boss side surfaces bus and combustion chamber centerline is bigger, boss side
Face is gentler, then easier to be mobile to center into the gaseous mixture of pit.
In order to improve Diesel Engine Fuel Economy, improving compression ratio is one of technical measures, and the raising of compression ratio is meaned
Combustion chamber volume need to reduce.Combustion chamber volume can reduce separately through combustion-chamber depth or chamber diameter is reduced,
It can be reduced by reducing combustion-chamber depth and chamber diameter simultaneously.After combustion-chamber depth reduces, make the lateral distance of boss
Oil spout axially bored line is closer, and boss side surfaces also become to become flat, into bottom of combustion chamber gaseous mixture under boss side surfaces water conservancy diversion
The gaseous mixture that can be formed with spray orifice axis direction, which converges, makes gaseous mixture overrich, causes the reduction of after burning period heat liberation rate, heat release rate, combustion duration
It lengthens, fuel economy and soot emissions deteriorate.Combustion-chamber depth can be kept by reducing chamber diameter (including major diameter and path)
It is constant, but this makes fuel-steam collide necking wall surface too early, and enters the gaseous mixture motor development space of bottom of combustion chamber
Become smaller, the path for reaching boss slope shortens, and causes mixed gas quality in pit to be deteriorated, gaseous mixture reaches boss in the moment earlier
Side simultaneously starts to climb to combustion chamber center movement, will also result in the reduction of after burning period heat liberation rate, heat release rate, and combustion continuation increases, fuel-economy
Property and soot emissions deteriorate.The method for reducing combustion-chamber depth and chamber diameter simultaneously, can not also eliminate above-mentioned mixing makings
The phenomenon of quantitative change difference, being unable to reach high compression ratio combustion chamber improves fuel economy, inhibits the purpose to discharge pollutants.
The information disclosed in the background technology section is intended only to increase the understanding to general background of the invention, without answering
When being considered as recognizing or imply that the information constitutes the prior art already known to those of ordinary skill in the art in any form.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of combustion chambers of diesel engine with direct injection, can overcome well above-mentioned existing
Defect existing for the combustion chamber of technology.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a kind of combustion chambers of diesel engine with direct injection, are located at piston only
The center of piston-top surface is non-central, and is located at the top of pin hole, and the radial direction of combustion chamber is rounded, and axial cross section is in ω shape, combustion
Burning room includes upper step, necking, bottom circular arc and central boss.Upper step is combustion chamber and piston-top surface arc contact
Annular surface, the axial cross section of upper step includes top-down first step straightway and second step straightway；Contracting
Mouth is located at the lower section of upper step, necking arc convex shape annular in shape, and holds in the mouth with the smooth circular arc in the lower part of second step straightway
It connects；Bottom circular arc is located at the bottom of combustion chamber, the smooth circular arc dovetail in the lower part of bottom circular arc and necking；Central boss is located at burning
The center of room, central boss is substantially in a circular table shape, central boss include the first boss piled up from top to bottom, second boss with
And third boss；The lower part of third boss and the smooth circular arc dovetail of bottom circular arc.
In a preferred embodiment, the angle of first step straightway and piston-top surface is between 53 °~57 °, and
The angle of two step straightways and piston-top surface is between 18 °~22 °, between first step straightway and second step straightway
For smooth circular arc dovetail.
In a preferred embodiment, the distance of the distance of center circle piston-top surface of the circular arc of necking and the depth of combustion chamber it
Than between 0.35~0.45；The ratio between maximum open diameter at the top of first step straightway and the minimum diameter of necking are 1.30
Between~1.32.
In a preferred embodiment, the axial cross section of central boss includes that top-down first boss side is female
Line, second boss side platform bus and third boss side surfaces bus.
In a preferred embodiment, the top surface of first boss side bus and central boss is smooth by boss circular arc
Transition and linkage；Third boss side surfaces bus smoothly transits with bottom circular arc to be connected；First boss side bus and second boss side
Face platform bus is smoothly transitted linking by the first bus transition circular arc；Second boss side platform bus and third boss side surfaces bus
It is smoothly transitted linking by the second bus transition circular arc.
In a preferred embodiment, the angle of first boss side bus and combustion chamber centerline is greater than second boss
It is convex that the angle of the angle of side platform bus and combustion chamber centerline, first boss side bus and combustion chamber centerline is less than third
The angle of platform side bus and combustion chamber centerline.
In a preferred embodiment, the extended line of first boss side bus and second boss side platform bus prolong
The ratio between maximum gauge of distance of the intersection point of long line away from combustion chamber centerline and combustion chamber lower space 0.05~0.095 it
Between.
In a preferred embodiment, the top surface of central boss is lower than piston-top surface.
Compared with prior art, the combustion chamber of diesel engine with direct injection of the invention has the advantages that in combustion chamber
Cardiac prominence platform is piled up by three rotary tables to be constituted, the side bus of three rotary tables pass through between two sections of circular arcs smoothly transit linking, and
The angle of top-down three sections of side buses and combustion chamber centerline is angle of the angle greater than second segment of first segment, and the
Three sections of angle is greater than the angle of first segment again, and such boss structure makes the petrol-air mixture into bottom of combustion chamber
It carries out staged to climb, to combustion chamber center and ionized motion.Pass through the center location and circle of the reasonable necking circular arc of design again
Arc radius, combustion chamber upper opening diameter, formed step surface two step straightways angle so that spray into combustion chamber top
Fuel-steam ratio it is reasonable.The combustion chamber is not only higher to the air utilization of squish flow area, but also a large amount of high-temperature fuel gas will not be made to move to
Cylinder wall surface；Therefore, after burning period mixed gas quality can be improved, improve combustion heat release rate, promote the oxidation of soot in cylinder, inhibit nitrogen
Oxide largely generates, and achievees the purpose that improving fuel economy reduction discharges pollutants.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the axial sectional diagrammatical view illustration of the combustion chamber of one embodiment of the prior art.
Fig. 2 is the axial sectional diagrammatical view illustration of the combustion chamber of another embodiment of the prior art.
Fig. 3 is the axial sectional diagrammatical view illustration of combustion chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the penetrating fuel oil movement schematic diagram of combustion chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Main appended drawing reference explanation:
1- piston only, 2- piston-top surface, 3- central boss, 4- boss circular arc, 5- first boss side bus, 6- first
Bus transition circular arc, 7- second boss side platform bus, 8- the second bus transition circular arc, 9- third boss side surfaces bus, the bottom 10-
Portion's circular arc, 11- necking, 12- second step straightway, 13- first step straightway, 14- upper space, 15- lower space,
16- combustion chamber centerline, α-first boss side bus and combustion chamber centerline angle, β-second boss side platform bus with
The angle of combustion chamber centerline, γ-third boss side surfaces bus and combustion chamber centerline angle, α 1- first step straightway
With the angle of piston-top surface, the angle of α 2- second step straightway and piston-top surface, D1- most band opening diameter, D2- necking is most
Minor diameter (combustion chamber path), the maximum gauge (combustion chamber major diameter) of the combustion chamber D3- lower space, R- first boss side bus
Extended line and the extended line of second boss side platform bus intersection point away from combustion chamber centerline at a distance from, H- combustion-chamber depth,
The distance of the distance of center circle piston-top surface of the circular arc of h- necking.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail, it is to be understood that guarantor of the invention
Shield range is not limited by the specific implementation.
Unless otherwise explicitly stated, otherwise in entire disclosure and claims, term " includes " or its change
Changing such as "comprising" or " including " etc. will be understood to comprise stated element or component, and not exclude other members
Part or other component parts.
As shown in Figure 3 to Figure 4, Fig. 3 is the axial sectional diagrammatical view illustration of combustion chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention.Fig. 4
It is the penetrating fuel oil movement schematic diagram of combustion chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention.According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention one
The combustion chamber of kind diesel engine with direct injection is located at the center or non-central of the piston-top surface 2 of piston only 1, and is located at pin hole
The radial direction of top, combustion chamber is rounded, and for axial cross section similar to ω shape, combustion chamber is really that ω shape is returned along combustion chamber centerline 16
Turn to be formed, combustion chamber includes upper step, necking 11, bottom circular arc 10 and central boss 3.The region of 11 or more necking is formed
Upper space 14, the region below of necking 11 form lower space 15.
In some embodiments, upper step is combustion chamber and annular surface of the piston-top surface 2 by arc contact, top
The axial cross section of step includes top-down first step straightway 13 and second step straightway 12.First step straight line
The angle of section 13 and piston-top surface 2 between 53 °~57 °, the angle of second step straightway 12 and piston-top surface 2 18 °~
It is smooth circular arc dovetail between first step straightway 13 and second step straightway 12 between 22 °.The upper step of combustion chamber
Annular surface really by first step straightway 13 and second step straightway 12 and smooth circular arc dovetail along combustion chamber
Heart line 16 is rotarily formed.
In some embodiments, necking 11 is located at the lower section of upper step, the arc convex shape annular in shape of necking 11, and with
The smooth circular arc dovetail in the lower part of second step straightway 12.The arc position for constituting necking 11 determines reentrant diameter D2 (burning
Room path) and 11 opposing pistons top surface 2 of necking distance h, the distance h of the distance of center circle piston-top surface 2 of the circular arc of necking 11 and combustion
The ratio between depth H of room is burnt between 0.35~0.45；The maximum open diameter D1 at 13 top of first step straightway and necking 11
The ratio between minimum diameter D2 between 1.30~1.32.
In some embodiments, bottom circular arc 10 is located at the bottom of combustion chamber, on bottom circular arc 10 and under necking 11
The smooth circular arc dovetail in portion, the lower smooth circular arc dovetail in lower part with the third boss of central boss 3.Bottom circular arc 10, which upwardly extends, to be made
Combustion chamber lower diameter reaches maximum value (being commonly called as combustion chamber major diameter D3) after-burner diameter and starts zooming out to form necking 11.
In some embodiments, central boss 3 is located at the center of combustion chamber, and central boss 3 is substantially in a circular table shape, and one
As the top surface of central boss 3 can be plane, be also possible to spherical surface, what the present embodiment was painted is plane, but the present invention not with
This is limited.Central boss 3 includes first boss, second boss and the third boss piled up from top to bottom；Under third boss
Portion and the smooth circular arc dovetail of bottom circular arc 10.The axial cross section of central boss 3 includes top-down first boss side bus
5, second boss side platform bus 7 and third boss side surfaces bus 9.The top surface of first boss side bus 5 and central boss 3
It is smoothly transitted linking by boss circular arc 4；Third boss side surfaces bus 9 smoothly transits with bottom circular arc 10 to be connected；First boss
Side bus 5, which is smoothly transitted with second boss side platform bus 7 by the first bus transition circular arc 6, to be connected；Second boss side
Platform bus 7, which is smoothly transitted with third boss side surfaces bus 9 by the second bus transition circular arc 8, to be connected.First boss side bus 5
It is greater than the angle β of second boss side platform bus 7 and combustion chamber centerline 16 with the angle α of combustion chamber centerline 16, first is convex
The angle α of platform side bus 5 and combustion chamber centerline 16 is less than the angle of third boss side surfaces bus 9 and combustion chamber centerline 16
γ。
In some embodiments, the extension of the extended line of first boss side bus 5 and second boss side platform bus 7
The ratio between maximum dimension D 3 of distance R of the intersection point of line away from combustion chamber centerline 16 and combustion chamber lower space is 0.05~0.095
Between.
In some embodiments, the top surface of General Central boss 3 will be lower than piston-top surface 2.
In conclusion the combustion chamber of diesel engine with direct injection of the invention, compared with the immediate prior art, the present invention is fired
The characteristics of burning room is to design to be piled up by three rotary tables to constitute combustion chamber central boss, and be divided into the bags by necking
Lower two parts.For combustion chamber top, on the center location and arc radius, combustion chamber by designing reasonable necking circular arc
Portion's opening diameter, formed step surface two step straightways angle so that spray into combustion chamber top fuel-steam ratio
Rationally.After fuel-steam enters step surface, the anchor ring formed by first step straightway is wider, and steam has abundant exercise empty
Between, anchor ring guarantees that steam will not be detained on step with 20 ° of piston-top surface or so of angle；It is formed by second step straightway
Anchor ring and 55 ° of piston-top surface or so of angle it is good to enter squish flow area diversion effect to fuel-steam, as shown in figure 4, steam is in ring
Cylinder cover bottom surface is largely rushed under the water conservancy diversion in face, and fold back enters squish flow area again, and small portion is moved to combustion chamber center position, remainder
Point climb up piston-top surface along anchor ring moves to the direction of casing wall.Therefore, combustion chamber of the invention both to squish flow area air utilize compared with
Height, and a large amount of high-temperature fuel gas will not be made to move to cylinder wall surface.
The structure that the central boss of combustion chamber of the invention is piled up by three rotary tables, it is no longer single for making the bus of boss side surfaces
One straightway, and become three sections of straightways and transition arc different from combustion chamber centerline angle.Boss structure makes to enter combustion
The petrol-air mixture for burning room bottom carries out staged and climbs, to combustion chamber center and ionized motion.As shown in figure 4, with combustion
The angle γ for burning room bottom circular arc tangent straightway and combustion chamber centerline is greater than upper frustum cone side bus and combustion chamber center
The angle α of line, α value are the angle value of typical single frustum cone structure boss.γ > α makes the side of lower rotary table away from spray orifice axis
Distance increase, reduce when fuel-steam moves upwards after bottom of combustion chamber circular arc water conservancy diversion along lower frustum cone side and fuel injector
The degree of the fuel-steam mixing enriching of axis direction.Middle frustum cone side bus and combustion chamber centerline angle β value is smaller,
The fuel-steam to climb up along lower frustum cone side can be further raised to upper rotary table top surface, make full use of combustion chamber center and
The air on top.The path that stepped boss side surfaces also move fuel-steam is longer than the side of ramp type, is conducive to improve mixed
Close makings amount.In short, combustion chamber of the invention can improve after burning period mixed gas quality, combustion heat release rate is improved, promotes carbon in cylinder
The oxidation of cigarette inhibits nitrogen oxides largely to generate, and achievees the purpose that improving fuel economy reduction discharges pollutants.
The aforementioned description to specific exemplary embodiment of the invention is in order to illustrate and illustration purpose.These descriptions
It is not wishing to limit the invention to disclosed precise forms, and it will be apparent that according to the above instruction, can much be changed
And variation.The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiment is that explaining specific principle of the invention and its actually answering
With so that those skilled in the art can be realized and utilize a variety of different exemplary implementation schemes of the invention and
Various chooses and changes.The scope of the present invention is intended to be limited by claims and its equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of combustion chamber of diesel engine with direct injection, is located at the center or non-central of the piston-top surface of piston only, and is located at
The top of pin hole, which is characterized in that the radial direction of the combustion chamber is rounded, and axial cross section is in ω shape, and the combustion chamber includes:
Upper step is the annular surface of the combustion chamber and the piston-top surface arc contact, the axial direction of the upper step
Section includes top-down first step straightway and second step straightway；
Necking is located at the lower section of the upper step, the necking arc convex shape annular in shape, and straight with the second step
The smooth circular arc dovetail in the lower part of line segment；
Bottom circular arc is located at the bottom of the combustion chamber, the smooth circular arc dovetail in lower part of the bottom circular arc and the necking；
And
Central boss is located at the center of the combustion chamber, and the central boss is substantially in a circular table shape, the central boss packet
Include the first boss piled up from top to bottom, second boss and third boss；The lower part of the third boss and bottom circle
Arc light slides circular arc dovetail.
2. the combustion chamber of diesel engine with direct injection as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the first step straightway and institute
The angle of piston-top surface is stated between 53 °~57 °, the angle of the second step straightway and the piston-top surface 18 °~
It is smooth circular arc dovetail between the first step straightway and the second step straightway between 22 °.
3. the combustion chamber of diesel engine with direct injection as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the distance of center circle of the circular arc of the necking
The ratio between the distance of the piston-top surface and the depth of the combustion chamber are between 0.35~0.45；First step straightway top
The ratio between the maximum open diameter in portion and the minimum diameter of the necking are between 1.30~1.32.
4. the combustion chamber of diesel engine with direct injection as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the axial cross section of the central boss
Including top-down first boss side bus, second boss side platform bus and third boss side surfaces bus.
5. the combustion chamber of diesel engine with direct injection as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that first boss side bus with
The top surface of the central boss is smoothly transitted linking by boss circular arc；The third boss side surfaces bus and the bottom circular arc
Smoothly transit linking；First boss side bus and the second boss side platform bus pass through the first bus transition circular arc
Smoothly transit linking；The second boss side platform bus and the third boss side surfaces bus pass through the second bus transition circular arc
Smoothly transit linking.
6. the combustion chamber of diesel engine with direct injection as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that first boss side bus with
The angle of the combustion chamber centerline is greater than the angle of second boss side the platform bus and the combustion chamber centerline, described
The angle of first boss side bus and the combustion chamber centerline is less than the third boss side surfaces bus and the combustion chamber
The angle of center line.
7. the combustion chamber of diesel engine with direct injection as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that first boss side bus
The intersection point of extended line and the extended line of the second boss side platform bus is away from a distance from the combustion chamber centerline and combustion chamber
The ratio between maximum gauge of lower space is between 0.05~0.095.
8. the combustion chamber of diesel engine with direct injection as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the top surface of the central boss is lower than
The piston-top surface.
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| CN201811503333.0A CN109404156B (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2018-12-10 | Combustion chamber of direct injection diesel engine |
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| CN201811503333.0A CN109404156B (en) | 2018-12-10 | 2018-12-10 | Combustion chamber of direct injection diesel engine |
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| CN111894727A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-11-06 | 东风商用车有限公司 | Four-valve direct-injection diesel engine combustion chamber |
| CN115822803A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-03-21 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Piston and engine |
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| CN115822803A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-03-21 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Piston and engine |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN109404156B (en) | 2020-07-24 |
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