A method of rare earth oxide is prepared using microwave technology
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of rare earth material preparation, and in particular to a kind of to prepare rare earth oxide using microwave technology
Method.
Background technique
China is rare earth resources big country, and yield ranks first in the world.Rare earth element has excellent due to its special structure of matter
Different physics, chemistry, magnetic, light and electric property has extremely wide purposes, the referred to as strategic element of 21 century.With
People are abundant and cheap to the continuous research of rare earth element performance and application and understanding and by China's rare earth resources
Advantage, rare earth are just protected in China's household electrical appliance, daily-use chemical industry, Ferrous Metallurgy, petrochemical industry, laser technology, superconductor, medical treatment
Strong, agriculture and forestry and environmental protection etc. have been more and more widely used in fields.
Conventional rare earth oxide calcination mode, is that rare earth oxalate or carbonated rare earth are fitted into high-temperature service, gradually rises
Temperature is changed into rare earth oxide to high temperature constant temperature calcination at 950~1050 DEG C, is continued afterwards for a period of time, generates during calcination
Exhaust gas is mainly CO2And water vapour.After rare earth oxide after calcination is cooled to room temperature, storehouse is transported to after sieving, mixing, packaging
Library is for sale.But common calcination mode has the following disadvantages: first is that calcination time is longer, it is at high cost.According to calcination technique, grass
The calcination since room temperature of acid rare earth or carbonated rare earth, terminated by high temperature sintering 4 hours, continued 24 hours, production cost is especially electric
It consumes at high cost.Second is that granularity is uneven, and there is burn-off phenomenon.Since rare earth oxalate or each calcination process of carbonated rare earth are heated not
, steam heat dissipation is insufficient, is easy to cause powder agglomeration, calcination is uneven, or even has burn-off phenomenon.
Therefore, novel rare earth oxide processing method is developed, helps to solve energy consumption cost height and product quality is irregular
Uneven problem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, radiate the temperature of rare earth with optimization microwave outfield by studying
The conditions such as degree, time, heating mode and cooling method obtain a kind of method for preparing rare earth oxide using microwave technology.
The present invention realizes in the following way:
A method of rare earth oxide is prepared using microwave technology, comprising the following steps:
(1) microwave drying: rare earth oxalate or carbonated rare earth are put into microwave equipment, microwave radiation are opened, with 25-30 DEG C/min
Heating rate be warming up to 120-150 DEG C, microwave drying 10-30 min, until rare earth oxalate or carbonated rare earth water content are 3-5%;
(2) microwave preheating: being warming up to 300-500 DEG C, microwave preheating 20-60 min with the heating rate of 15-20 DEG C/min, until grass
Acid rare earth or carbonated rare earth water content are 0;
(3) microwave calcination: it is warming up to 700-1000 DEG C with the heating rate of 5-10 DEG C/min, microwave calcination 30-50 min;
(4) gradient wind cooling temperature lowering: during wind cooling temperature lowering, the cooling rate of 0-20 min is 5-10 DEG C/min, 21-40 min's
Cooling rate is 15-20 DEG C/min, and the cooling rate after 41 min is 25-30 DEG C/min, continues air-cooled 10-20 after being down to room temperature
Min obtains rare earth oxide.
Preferably, the frequency of the microwave drying is 915 MHz.
Preferably, the power of the microwave drying is 50-100 KW/m3。
Preferably, the frequency of the microwave preheating is 2.45 GHz.
Preferably, the power of the microwave preheating is 150-200 KW/m3。
Preferably, the temperature of microwave preheating is 400 DEG C.
Preferably, the frequency of the microwave calcination is 5.80 GHz.
Preferably, the power of the microwave calcination is 250-300 KW/m3。
Preferably, the temperature of the microwave calcination is 950 DEG C.
Preferably, the time of the microwave calcination is 50 min.
The principle of the present invention is:
The technique for taking frequency and power to be gradually incremented by during wave radiation of the present invention.Initial stage rare earth oxalate or carbonated rare earth
Volume is big, water content is high, and it for 915 MHz, power is 50-100 KW/m that microwave drying, which uses frequency,3, wearing for microwave can be enhanced
Saturating ability and moisture evaporability, are down to 3-5% for water content;When volume of material reduces, water content is less, microwave preheating is adopted
With frequency be 2.45 GHz, power is 150-200 KW/m3, hydrone concussion frequency is increased while meeting microwave penetration ability
Rate, further increases moisture evaporability, and water content is reduced to 0;Rare earth material is siccative at this time, and volume further decreases,
It for 5.80 GHz, power is 250-300 KW/m that microwave calcination, which uses frequency,3, it can not only guarantee microwave penetration rare earth material, but also
Can guarantee the high frequency oscillation of material molecule, accelerate heat and heat transfer efficiency, allow rare earth material quickly, high temperature, uniformly by
Heat improves the quality of calcination, and the rare earth oxide granularity made is small and uniform, large specific surface area.Wind cooling temperature lowering process is simultaneously
It is carried out in microwave equipment, is gradient cooling, the cooling rate of 0-20 min is 5-10 DEG C/min, the cooling speed of 21-40 min
Degree is 15-20 DEG C/min, and the cooling rate after 41 min is 25-30 DEG C/min, continues air-cooled 10-20 min after being down to room temperature,
It is fast by slow-speed to control temperature-fall period, avoids cooling rate is too fast at high temperature product is caused to agglomerate, while continuing after being down to room temperature
It is air-cooled, product water suction dampness is avoided, guarantees product quality.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1. microwave radiation means heating rate of the invention is fast, homogeneous heating, can avoid rare earth powder agglomeration, calcination it is uneven and
Burn-off phenomenon occurs.
2. microwave radiation means penetration capacity of the invention is strong, rare earth material is decomposed completely, rare earth yield >=98%.
3. the microwave radiation means period of the invention is short, low energy consumption, it can be improved production efficiency and reduce production cost.
4. wind cooling temperature lowering of the invention carries out in microwave equipment, it is ensured that temperature-fall period middle rare earth powder
It does not get damp again, agglomerate, guarantee product quality.
5. earth oxide product purity >=99.99% of the invention, partial size D50 is 0.5-2.0 μm, size distribution
(D90-D10)/(2D50)≤1, specific surface area 4-7 m2/ g, product quality are very excellent.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described combined with specific embodiments below, but does not limit the scope of the invention and apply
Range.
Embodiment 1
A method of rare earth oxide is prepared using microwave technology, comprising the following steps:
(1) microwave drying: rare earth oxalate is put into microwave equipment, open microwave radiation, frequency be 915 MHz, with 25 DEG C/
The heating rate of min is warming up to 130 DEG C, 20 min of microwave drying, and power is 80 KW/m3, until rare earth oxalate water content is 3%;
(2) microwave preheating: 2.45 GHz of microwave frequency is opened, is warming up to 400 DEG C with the heating rate of 15 DEG C/min, microwave preheating
30 min, power are 160 KW/m3, until rare earth oxalate water content is 0;
(3) microwave calcination: 5.80 GHz of microwave frequency is opened, is warming up to 950 DEG C with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, microwave calcination
50 min, power are 280 KW/m3;
(4) gradient wind cooling temperature lowering: during wind cooling temperature lowering, the cooling rate of 0-20 min is 5 DEG C/min, the drop of 21-40 min
Warm speed is 15 DEG C/min, and the cooling rate after 41 min is 25 DEG C/min, continues air-cooled 15 min after being down to room temperature, obtains dilute
Native oxide.
Embodiment 2
A method of rare earth oxide is prepared using microwave technology, comprising the following steps:
(1) microwave drying: rare earth oxalate or carbonated rare earth are put into microwave equipment, open microwave radiation, frequency 915
MHz is warming up to 150 DEG C, 10 min of microwave drying with the heating rate of 30 DEG C/min, and power is 100 KW/m3, until rare earth oxalate
Or carbonated rare earth water content is 3%;
(2) microwave preheating: 2.45 GHz of microwave frequency is opened, is warming up to 500 DEG C with the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min, microwave preheating
20 min, power are 180 KW/m3, until rare earth oxalate or carbonated rare earth water content are 0;
(3) microwave calcination: opening 5.80 GHz of microwave frequency, is warming up to 1000 DEG C with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, microwave burns
30 min are burnt, power is 300 KW/m3;
(4) gradient wind cooling temperature lowering: during wind cooling temperature lowering, the cooling rate of 0-20 min is 10 DEG C/min, the drop of 21-40 min
Warm speed is 20 DEG C/min, and the cooling rate after 41 min is 25 DEG C/min, continues air-cooled 10 min after being down to room temperature, obtains dilute
Native oxide.
Embodiment 3
A method of rare earth oxide is prepared using microwave technology, comprising the following steps:
(1) microwave drying: rare earth oxalate or carbonated rare earth are put into microwave equipment, open microwave radiation, frequency 915
MHz is warming up to 140 DEG C, 15 min of microwave drying with the heating rate of 28 DEG C/min, and power is 70 KW/m3, until rare earth oxalate
Or carbonated rare earth water content is 5%;
(2) microwave preheating: 2.45 GHz of microwave frequency is opened, is warming up to 300 DEG C with the heating rate of 18 DEG C/min, microwave preheating
60 min, power are 150 KW/m3, until rare earth oxalate or carbonated rare earth water content are 0;
(3) microwave calcination: 5.80 GHz of microwave frequency is opened, is warming up to 700 DEG C with the heating rate of 8 DEG C/min, microwave calcination
40 min, power are 250 KW/m3;
(4) gradient wind cooling temperature lowering: during wind cooling temperature lowering, the cooling rate of 0-20 min is 5 DEG C/min, the drop of 21-40 min
Warm speed is 20 DEG C/min, and the cooling rate after 41 min is 25 DEG C/min, continues air-cooled 10 min after being down to room temperature, obtains dilute
Native oxide.
Embodiment 4
A method of rare earth oxide is prepared using microwave technology, comprising the following steps:
(1) microwave drying: rare earth oxalate or carbonated rare earth are put into microwave equipment, open microwave radiation, frequency 915
MHz is warming up to 130 DEG C, 25 min of microwave drying with the heating rate of 26 DEG C/min, and power is 70 KW/m3, until rare earth oxalate
Or carbonated rare earth water content is 4%;
(2) microwave preheating: 2.45 GHz of microwave frequency is opened, is warming up to 450 DEG C with the heating rate of 16 DEG C/min, microwave preheating
45 min, power are 170 KW/m3, until rare earth oxalate or carbonated rare earth water content are 0;
(3) microwave calcination: 5.80 GHz of microwave frequency is opened, is warming up to 750 DEG C with the heating rate of 6 DEG C/min, microwave calcination
35 min, power are 250-300 KW/m3;
(4) gradient wind cooling temperature lowering: during wind cooling temperature lowering, the cooling rate of 0-20 min is 8 DEG C/min, the drop of 21-40 min
Warm speed is 16 DEG C/min, and the cooling rate after 41 min is 28 DEG C/min, continues air-cooled 20 min after being down to room temperature, obtains dilute
Native oxide.
Embodiment 5
A method of rare earth oxide is prepared using microwave technology, comprising the following steps:
(1) microwave drying: rare earth oxalate or carbonated rare earth are put into microwave equipment, open microwave radiation, frequency 915
MHz is warming up to 135 DEG C, 25 min of microwave drying with the heating rate of 26 DEG C/min, and power is 90 KW/m3, until rare earth oxalate
Or carbonated rare earth water content is 3%;
(2) microwave preheating: 2.45 GHz of microwave frequency is opened, is warming up to 350 DEG C with the heating rate of 16 DEG C/min, microwave preheating
40 min, power are 160 KW/m3, until rare earth oxalate or carbonated rare earth water content are 0;
(3) microwave calcination: 5.80 GHz of microwave frequency is opened, is warming up to 850 DEG C with the heating rate of 6 DEG C/min, microwave calcination
45 min, power are 260 KW/m3;
(4) gradient wind cooling temperature lowering: during wind cooling temperature lowering, the cooling rate of 0-20 min is 6 DEG C/min, the drop of 21-40 min
Warm speed is 16 DEG C/min, and the cooling rate after 41 min is 26 DEG C/min, continues air-cooled 10-20 min after being down to room temperature, obtains
To rare earth oxide.
The technical effect of 1-5 of the embodiment of the present invention is as shown in table 1:
The rare earth oxide performance parameter of 1 embodiment 1-5 of table preparation
As seen from Table 1, it is detected through national non-ferrous metal and electronic material Institute of Analysis, earth oxide product of the invention
Average grain diameter D50 is located at 0.5-2.0 μm, size distribution (D90-D10)/(2D50)≤1, and specific surface granularity is controlled in 4-7m2/ g,
Performance is very excellent.The rare earth oxide overall performance of embodiment 2 is slightly better than embodiment 1, then 1000 DEG C in embodiment 2
Calcination temperature is higher, causes the caking phenomenon for occurring 1.2% in sample, while from the point of view of energy saving, embodiment 1 is
Preferred version of the invention.In particular, it should be pointed out that embodiment 1-5 is not limiting the scope of the invention, other
Combination of process parameters based on the present invention program also belongs to protection scope of the present invention.