CN109397474B - Construction method of building material with microcosmic directional porous structure and refrigerating device - Google Patents
Construction method of building material with microcosmic directional porous structure and refrigerating device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109397474B CN109397474B CN201811188150.4A CN201811188150A CN109397474B CN 109397474 B CN109397474 B CN 109397474B CN 201811188150 A CN201811188150 A CN 201811188150A CN 109397474 B CN109397474 B CN 109397474B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B15/00—General arrangement or layout of plant ; Industrial outlines or plant installations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/14—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by simple casting, the material being neither forcibly fed nor positively compacted
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
- B28B11/245—Curing concrete articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
- B28C5/08—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions using driven mechanical means affecting the mixing
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of building engineering, in particular to a construction method and a refrigerating device of a building material with a microcosmic directional porous structure. The construction method mainly comprises the following steps: the construction method can be directly applied to the building material poured in place, the obtained building material microscopically has a directional porous structure, and the pore channels are preferentially arranged along the freezing direction during preparation, so that the building material has excellent properties of light weight, high specific strength and specific rigidity, heat preservation, heat insulation, sound insulation, noise reduction and the like, and particularly has good water permeability, air permeability and mechanical properties along the pore channel direction. The freezing device includes: the shell, the heat insulation layer, the handle, the sealing cover, the cooling contact surface, the exhaust hole and the opening are simple in operation method and convenient to carry, can effectively carry out directional cooling on the slurry of the building material, and is very suitable for the construction process in the field of building engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building engineering, in particular to a construction method and a refrigerating device of a building material with a microcosmic directional porous structure.
Background
Along with the development of the integrated process of economic society and urban and rural areas in China, high-rise, large-scale and modern engineering buildings are gradually developed, and building materials such as cement, concrete and the like are widely applied to the fields of civil construction, hydraulic engineering, pavement paving and the like, so that the raw material sources are wide, the construction method is simple, and the excellent mechanical properties meeting the daily application requirements can be obtained after the building material is formed and hardened. However, the existing in-situ poured cement and concrete are generally compact, consume a large amount of raw materials and energy, have poor heat preservation, heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction effects, and lack water permeability and anti-cracking performance, so that the problems of urban road surface water accumulation, groundwater level reduction, heat island effect and the like are difficult to effectively relieve, and the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction in the field of building engineering are also not met. In addition, because the building structures such as large cement, concrete and the like have relatively large volume and relatively thick section size, the thermal stress generated in the cement hydration heat process easily causes the deformation of the large structure, and cracks exceeding the maximum allowable width value can be generated seriously, so that great potential safety hazards are caused, and the construction difficulty is increased.
The building material with a porous structure (such as foam cement, honeycomb concrete and the like) can show certain heat preservation, heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction effects, and simultaneously, the water permeability and the anti-cracking performance of the building material can be effectively improved compared with those of a compact material, so that an effective way is provided for solving the problems. However, the existing porous building materials have single microstructure and performance, and are difficult to well combine excellent performances such as light weight, water permeability, heat preservation, sound insulation, crack prevention and the like. Particularly, the cellular structure of the material on the microcosmic scale has the characteristics of disorder and isotropy, and the distribution and orientation of the pores have randomness and poor continuity, so that the performance advantages of the traditional porous building material cannot be well exerted in the practical application direction, and the thermal insulation, sound insulation and water permeability performances are not ideal and need to be further improved. Meanwhile, from the construction point of view, the construction of building engineering by directly pouring cement, concrete and the like has the advantages of simple process, good integrity of building components, high strength and hardness and the like, but the building components formed by directly hardening after the existing construction process of pouring and molding the building materials such as cement, concrete and the like are often too dense and have too low porosity, and even for the building components with high porosity obtained by using a foaming technology, the contained porous structures are difficult to be effectively controlled, and the characteristics of disorder, isotropy and poor continuity are presented, so that the heat preservation, sound insulation and water permeability are greatly limited. In addition, although the traditional foam bricks, porous cement and the like with heat preservation and sound insulation effects can be used for constructing engineering buildings such as walls or pavements, the manufacturing process is difficult to be directly applied to in-situ pouring and construction to obtain light, heat preservation, crack prevention and sound insulation walls, pavements and other building components, and the building components constructed by the porous cement and the foam bricks often show the limitation that the light, heat preservation, sound insulation and other performances and the mechanical performances such as strength and rigidity cannot be effectively considered at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method and a refrigerating device of a building material with a microcosmic oriented porous structure, wherein the method can be directly applied to the building material poured in place, the building material such as cement, concrete, gypsum and the like obtained by the method has the microcosmic oriented porous structure, and pore channels are arranged along the refrigerating direction during preparation.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
a construction method of building material with microcosmic directional porous structure is to directionally freeze the slurry of the poured building material, the cement, concrete or plaster building material obtained by the method has microcosmic directional porous structure, the porosity is 4% -75%, the aperture is 0.3-600 μm, and the pore channel is arranged along the freezing direction during construction.
The construction method of the building material with the micro-oriented porous structure specifically comprises the following steps:
1) building a pouring frame: building a pouring frame of building material slurry with proper size, shape and structural design according to construction requirements, so that the freezing direction of the slurry is consistent with the direction of a microcosmic pore channel to be obtained;
2) preparing and stirring slurry: mixing the raw materials of cement, concrete or gypsum building materials, water and additives according to the required proportion and uniformly stirring;
3) pouring and freezing slurry: pouring the uniformly mixed slurry into a pre-built frame, vibrating and compacting, and then directionally cooling the slurry by using a refrigerating device to directionally solidify water in the slurry, so that the building material raw materials and additives in the slurry are extruded between ice layers to be directionally arranged microscopically;
4) and (3) maintaining the blank body: and slowly melting the solidified slurry, gradually hardening the building material in the process to obtain a molded blank, and maintaining the blank to obtain the building material with the microcosmic directional porous structure.
In the construction method of the building material with the microcosmic oriented porous structure, in the step 2), the mass ratio of water in the slurry to the building material raw materials is 0.2-5, wherein the cement is more than one of ordinary portland cement, pozzolana portland cement, fly ash portland cement, slag portland cement and composite portland cement.
In the construction method of the building material with the microcosmic oriented porous structure, in the step 2), the additive is more than one of a water reducing agent, a thickening agent and a retarder, the water reducing agent is more than one of a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, a melamine high-efficiency water reducing agent, a sulfamate high-efficiency water reducing agent, a naphthalene high-efficiency water reducing agent and a calcium lignosulfonate water reducing agent, and the addition amount is 0-3% of the mass of the building material; the thickener is more than one of cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyurethane thickener and polyacrylate thickener, and the addition amount is 0-3% of the weight of the building material; the retarder is more than one of citric acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid, sodium gluconate and sodium tripolyphosphate, and the addition amount of the retarder is 0-2% of the mass of the building material raw material.
The construction method of the building material with the microcosmic directional porous structure comprises the following steps in the step 3): the freezing device is used for contacting the slurry or the frame according to the required direction to directionally cool the slurry, so that water in the slurry is directionally solidified along the freezing direction, and the building material raw materials and additives in the slurry are gradually extruded between ice layers by the ice crystals growing along the solidifying direction, thereby the slurry is directionally arranged microscopically.
In the construction method of the building material with the microcosmic directional porous structure, in the step 4), the step of slowly melting the solidified slurry means that the freezing device is removed from the solidified slurry, so that ice in the solidified slurry is slowly melted, and the building material is gradually hardened in the process, so that the microcosmic directional porous structure is stored, and the formed porous blank is obtained.
In the construction method of the building material with the microcosmic oriented porous structure, in the step 4), the maintenance of the green body is as follows: covering the solidified slurry or the formed green body with a covering material, placing the covering material in an air environment, watering and moisturizing after hardening, wherein the covering material is more than one of wheat straw, straw mat, bamboo curtain, gunny bag sheet and woven cloth sheet, the curing time is not less than 1 day, the strength of the green body is gradually increased in the curing process, and finally the building material with the microcosmic directional porous structure is obtained.
The method uses a freezing apparatus for a construction material having a micro-oriented cellular structure, the freezing apparatus comprising: shell, heat preservation insulating layer, handle, sealed lid, cooling contact surface, exhaust hole, opening, the concrete structure is as follows:
the inboard all around of shell and top set up heat preservation insulating layer and form cavity box formula structure, the opening that exhaust hole and be used for filling coolant is seted up at the top of shell and heat preservation insulating layer, and the opening seals through sealed lid, the top installation handle of shell, the inner chamber bottom of shell and heat preservation insulating layer is cooling contact surface.
The freezing device of the building material with the microcosmic oriented porous structure takes liquid nitrogen or dry ice as a cooling medium, and the shell is made of more than one of copper or copper alloy, steel and aluminum alloy; except the freezing contact surface, the other directions of the inner side of the shell are all provided with heat insulation layers which are more than one of double-layer hollow structures, sandwich structures, rubber, foam, resin and wood.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
the construction method can be directly applied to building materials such as cement, concrete, gypsum and the like which are poured in place, and water is used as a pore-forming agent, so that the construction method is non-toxic and harmless. The invention adopts the directional freezing process to realize the pore canal structure with directional arrangement on the microcosmic, and the process utilizes the ice crystals growing along the solidification direction to gradually extrude the building material and the additive mixed in the slurry to the ice layer in the directional solidification process of the water-based slurry of the building material, thereby realizing the microcosmic directional arrangement. The building material with a microcosmic oriented porous structure can be obtained by an oriented freezing process, pore canals of the building material are arranged along the freezing direction during construction, and the volume fraction, the size and the like of the pore canals can be artificially controlled by adjusting the construction process. The invention realizes the molding of the porous building material by utilizing the spontaneous hardening process of the solidified building material slurry in the slow melting process without other operations, thereby having simple process and short flow. In addition, the building material obtained by the construction method can effectively absorb heat released in the process of muddy water gasification of large-volume water, and the introduction of the porous structure can effectively reduce the volume and save raw materials. The refrigerating device is simple and easy to manufacture, convenient to carry, simple in operation method and very suitable for the construction process in the field of constructional engineering. The cement, concrete, gypsum and other building materials obtained by the method have a microcosmic oriented porous structure, show excellent performances of light weight, heat preservation, heat insulation, sound insulation, noise reduction, water permeability, crack prevention and the like, and particularly have good water permeability and mechanical properties along the pore channel direction, so the cement, concrete, gypsum and other building materials have considerable application prospects in the field of building engineering.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1) the construction method of the building material with the microcosmic oriented porous structure has the advantages of simple operation, short flow, low cost, high efficiency, energy conservation and environmental protection, is suitable for building materials such as cement, concrete, gypsum and the like which are poured in situ, and can be directly used for preparing the building material with the microcosmic oriented porous structure in the construction process, so the construction method has considerable application prospect in the field of building engineering such as walls, pavements and the like.
2) The freezing device of the building material with the microcosmic oriented porous structure has the advantages of simple structure, easy processing, simple operation method and convenient carrying, can be designed and manufactured in advance according to the required shape, size and structure, and is very suitable for the construction process in the field of building engineering.
3) The building material prepared by the construction method has a microcosmic directional porous structure, and the pore channels of the building material are arranged along the freezing direction during construction, so the building material has the excellent performances of light weight, high specific strength, high specific rigidity, heat preservation and insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction, crack prevention and the like, particularly has good water permeability, air permeability and mechanical properties along the pore channel direction, and the method uses water as a pore-forming agent, is nontoxic, harmless, convenient and easily obtained, and the porosity of the building material can be effectively controlled by adjusting the slurry proportion.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-view and perspective view of a freezing apparatus for a construction material having a micro-oriented porous structure according to the present invention. Wherein, (a) a front view; (b) a left view; (c) a top view; (d) and (4) a perspective view. In the figure, 1 a shell, 2 a heat preservation and insulation layer, 3 a handle, 4 a sealing cover, 5 a cooling contact surface, 6 an exhaust hole and 7 an opening.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the microstructure of the solidified building material slurry obtained by directional freezing in the construction method of the building material having a micro directional porous structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of cement having a micro-oriented porous structure obtained by the construction method of example 1 according to the present invention using a slurry having a mass ratio of water to cement powder of 0.4.
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of cement having a micro-oriented porous structure obtained in example 2 by the construction method of the present invention using a slurry having a mass ratio of water to cement powder of 1.3.
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of the microscopically oriented porous structure gypsum prepared according to the construction method of example 3 by using a slurry in which the mass ratio of water to gypsum powder is 1.6.
Detailed Description
In the specific implementation process, the construction method of the building material with the microcosmic directional porous structure comprises the steps of building a pouring device, preparing and stirring slurry, pouring and freezing the slurry, maintaining a blank body and the like, wherein the freezing of the slurry is realized by using the freezing device, and the microcosmic structure of the solidified building material slurry obtained after directional freezing is shown in fig. 2. The construction method can be directly applied to the building materials poured in place, the building materials obtained by the method have a directional porous structure on the microscopic scale, the porosity of the building materials is 4% -75%, preferably 5% -50%, the pore diameter is 0.3-600 μm, preferably 5-300 μm, and the pore channels are arranged along the freezing direction during construction.
Wherein the building material is more than one of cement, concrete and gypsum, the mass ratio of water in the slurry to the building material raw materials is 0.2-5, preferably 0.3-3.5, and the larger the mass ratio is, the larger the porosity of the finally obtained building material is. Wherein the cement is more than one of ordinary portland cement, pozzolan portland cement, fly ash portland cement, slag portland cement and composite portland cement.
As shown in fig. 1, the freezing device of building material with micro-oriented porous structure of the present invention mainly comprises: shell 1, heat preservation insulating layer 2, handle 3, sealed lid 4, cooling contact surface 5, exhaust hole 6 etc. and the concrete structure is as follows:
the inboard all around of shell 1 sets up thermal insulation layer 2 with the top and forms cavity box formula structure, and exhaust hole 6 and opening 7 that are used for filling coolant are seted up at the top of shell 1 and thermal insulation layer 2, and opening 7 seals through sealed lid 4, the top installation handle 3 of shell 1, the inner chamber bottom of shell 1 and thermal insulation layer 2 is cooling contact surface 5. The shell is made of more than one of copper or copper alloy, steel and aluminum alloy, and the heat insulation layer is arranged in other directions except the freezing contact surface.
The freezing device takes liquid nitrogen or dry ice as a cooling medium, the heat-insulating layer is more than one of a double-layer hollow structure, a sandwich structure, rubber, foam, resin and wood, and the size, the structure and the cooling contact surface of the cavity box type structure can be designed and adjusted in advance according to the size, the structure and the shape of the required freezing slurry.
The present invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples, which are to be understood as being merely illustrative and not restrictive.
Example 1:
in this example, the cement having a micro-oriented porous structure was prepared by the construction method of the present invention using a slurry having a mass ratio of water to cement powder of 0.4. The raw materials include ordinary Portland cement powder (fineness 80 μm, screen residue 0.9%, and specific surface area 342 m)2Per kg), water and DH-4005 polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, the concrete process is as follows:
1) building a pouring frame: building a 10 cm-10 cm square frame for pouring cement slurry, sealing the bottom end and the periphery of the frame by iron sheets, and opening the top end for pouring the slurry;
2) preparing and stirring slurry: weighing 1500g of ordinary portland cement powder, 600g of water and 6g of DH-4005 polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, placing the materials in a 5L plastic container for mixing, and mechanically stirring at the speed of 10rpm for 15min to obtain uniformly mixed cement slurry;
3) pouring and freezing slurry: pouring cement slurry into a pre-built frame, vibrating to be compact, filling liquid nitrogen into an inner cavity of the freezing device of the invention for sealing, attaching a freezing contact surface of the freezing device to the side surface of the frame, and carrying out directional cooling on the cement slurry in the frame to ensure that water in the slurry is directionally solidified, so that cement and additives in the slurry are squeezed between ice layers and are directionally arranged on the microcosmic surface to obtain solidified cement slurry;
4) and (3) maintaining the blank body: after the cement slurry is completely solidified, removing the freezing device from the solidified slurry, laying a gunny bag sheet above the solidified slurry, slowly melting ice in the solidified slurry, gradually hardening cement in the process to obtain a formed green body, and watering the green body once every 24 hours for curing for one week.
The cement with a micro-oriented porous structure can be obtained by the process, the microstructure of the cement is shown in figure 3, the porosity of the porous cement is about 19.9%, and the average pore diameter is about 46.3 μm.
Example 2:
in this example, the cement having a micro-oriented porous structure was prepared by the construction method of the present invention using a slurry having a mass ratio of water to cement powder of 1.3. The raw materials include ordinary Portland cement powder (fineness 80 μm, screen residue 0.9%, and specific surface area 342 m)2Per kg), water and DH-4005 polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, the concrete process is as follows:
1) building a pouring frame: building a 10 cm-10 cm square frame for pouring cement slurry, sealing the bottom end and the periphery of the frame by iron sheets, and opening the top end for pouring the slurry;
2) preparing and stirring slurry: weighing 1000g of ordinary portland cement powder, 1300g of water and 4g of DH-4005 polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, placing the materials into a 5L plastic container for mixing, and mechanically stirring at the speed of 10rpm for 15min to obtain uniformly mixed cement slurry;
3) the procedure was the same as in step 3) of example 1;
4) this step was performed in the same manner as in step 4) of example 1.
The cement with the micro-oriented porous structure can be obtained by the process, the microstructure of the cement is shown in figure 4, the porosity of the porous cement is about 58.4%, and the average pore diameter is about 93.82 μm.
Example 3:
in this example, the gypsum having a micro-oriented porous structure was prepared by the construction method of the present invention using a slurry in which the mass ratio of water to gypsum powder was 1.6. The raw materials used comprise beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum, water and DH-4005 polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, and the specific process is as follows:
1) building a pouring frame: building a 10cm by 10cm square frame for pouring gypsum slurry, sealing the bottom end and the periphery of the frame by iron sheets, and opening the top end for pouring the slurry;
2) preparing and stirring slurry: weighing 1000g of beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum powder, 1600g of water and 4g of DH-4005 polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, placing the beta-type semi-hydrated gypsum powder, the water and the DH-4005 polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent in a 5L plastic container for mixing, and mechanically stirring at the speed of 10rpm for 15min to obtain uniformly mixed gypsum slurry;
3) pouring and freezing slurry: pouring gypsum slurry into a pre-built frame, vibrating to compact the gypsum slurry, filling liquid nitrogen into an inner cavity of a freezing device of the invention, sealing, attaching a freezing contact surface of the freezing device to the side surface of the frame, and directionally cooling the gypsum slurry in the frame to directionally solidify water in the slurry, so that the gypsum and additives in the slurry are squeezed between ice layers and are directionally arranged microscopically to obtain solidified gypsum;
4) and (3) maintaining the blank body: after the gypsum slurry is completely solidified, removing the freezing device from the solidified slurry, paving a gunny bag sheet above the solidified slurry, slowly melting ice in the solidified slurry, gradually hardening gypsum in the process to obtain a molded blank, and maintaining the blank in a room-temperature atmosphere environment for one day.
The gypsum with the micro-oriented porous structure can be obtained by the process, the micro-structure of the gypsum is shown in figure 5, the porosity of the porous gypsum is about 50.8%, and the average pore diameter is about 75.2 μm.
The embodiment result shows that the construction method of the building material with the microcosmic oriented porous structure can directly obtain the porous building material through the construction process, the method has the advantages of simple operation, short flow, high efficiency, energy conservation, environmental protection, simple and easy manufacture of a refrigerating device and low cost, the obtained building material has the microcosmic oriented porous structure, pore channels of the building material are arranged along the refrigerating direction, and the porosity can be effectively controlled by adjusting the slurry proportion. In addition, the refrigerating device of the building material with the microcosmic directional porous structure has the advantages of simple operation method and portability, can effectively carry out directional cooling on the slurry of the building material, and is very suitable for the construction process in the field of building engineering. Therefore, the invention has considerable application prospect in the field of building engineering such as wall bodies, pavements and the like.
Claims (8)
1. A construction method of a building material with a microcosmic directional porous structure is characterized in that the method carries out directional freezing on slurry of the poured building material, the cement, concrete or gypsum building material obtained by the method has the microcosmic directional porous structure, the porosity of the building material is 19.9% -58.4%, the pore diameter of the building material is 46.3-93.82 μm, and pore channels are arranged along the freezing direction during construction;
the construction method of the building material with the micro-oriented porous structure specifically comprises the following steps:
1) building a pouring frame: building a pouring frame of building material slurry with proper size, shape and structural design according to construction requirements, so that the freezing direction of the slurry is consistent with the direction of a microcosmic pore channel to be obtained;
2) preparing and stirring slurry: mixing the raw materials of cement, concrete or gypsum building materials, water and additives according to the required proportion and uniformly stirring;
3) pouring and freezing slurry: pouring the uniformly mixed slurry into a pre-built frame, vibrating and compacting, and then directionally cooling the slurry by using a refrigerating device to directionally solidify water in the slurry, so that the building material raw materials and additives in the slurry are extruded between ice layers to be directionally arranged microscopically;
4) and (3) maintaining the blank body: and slowly melting the solidified slurry, gradually hardening the building material in the process to obtain a molded blank, and maintaining the blank to obtain the building material with the microcosmic directional porous structure.
2. The construction method of a building material with a micro-oriented porous structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the mass ratio of water to the building material raw material in the slurry is 0.4-1.6, wherein the cement is one or more of ordinary portland cement, pozzolan portland cement, fly ash portland cement, slag portland cement, and composite portland cement.
3. The construction method of the building material with the micro-oriented porous structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the additive is one or more than one of a water reducing agent, a thickening agent and a retarder, the water reducing agent is one or more than one of a polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, a melamine high-efficiency water reducing agent, a sulfamate high-efficiency water reducing agent, a naphthalene high-efficiency water reducing agent and a calcium lignosulfonate water reducing agent, and the addition amount is 0-3% of the mass of the building material; the thickener is more than one of cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyurethane thickener and polyacrylate thickener, and the addition amount is 0-3% of the weight of the building material; the retarder is more than one of citric acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid, sodium gluconate and sodium tripolyphosphate, and the addition amount of the retarder is 0-2% of the mass of the building material raw material.
4. The construction method of a building material having a micro-oriented porous structure according to claim 1, wherein the freezing process in step 3) is: the freezing device is used for contacting the slurry or the frame according to the required direction to directionally cool the slurry, so that water in the slurry is directionally solidified along the freezing direction, and the building material raw materials and additives in the slurry are gradually extruded between ice layers by the ice crystals growing along the solidifying direction, thereby the slurry is directionally arranged microscopically.
5. The method for constructing a building material with a micro-oriented porous structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 4) of slowly melting the solidified slurry means that the freezing device is removed from the solidified slurry, so that ice in the solidified slurry is slowly melted, and the building material is gradually hardened in the process, thereby preserving the micro-oriented porous structure to obtain the formed porous green body.
6. The method for constructing a building material with a micro-oriented porous structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the maintaining of the green body is as follows: covering the solidified slurry or the formed green body with a covering material, placing the covering material in an air environment, watering and moisturizing after hardening, wherein the covering material is more than one of wheat straw, straw mat, bamboo curtain, gunny bag sheet and woven cloth sheet, the curing time is not less than 1 day, the strength of the green body is gradually increased in the curing process, and finally the building material with the microcosmic directional porous structure is obtained.
7. A freezing apparatus for construction materials having a micro-oriented porous structure for use in the method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the freezing apparatus comprises: shell, heat preservation insulating layer, handle, sealed lid, cooling contact surface, exhaust hole, opening, the concrete structure is as follows:
the inboard all around of shell and top set up heat preservation insulating layer and form cavity box formula structure, the opening that exhaust hole and be used for filling coolant is seted up at the top of shell and heat preservation insulating layer, and the opening seals through sealed lid, the top installation handle of shell, the inner chamber bottom of shell and heat preservation insulating layer is cooling contact surface.
8. The freezing device of building material with micro-oriented porous structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein the freezing device uses liquid nitrogen or dry ice as cooling medium, and the shell is made of copper or more than one of copper alloy, steel and aluminum alloy; except the freezing contact surface, the other directions of the inner side of the shell are all provided with heat insulation layers which are more than one of double-layer hollow structures, sandwich structures, rubber, foam, resin and wood.
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