CN109393199A - 一种鸭粪处理易吸收无公害鱼饲料及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种鸭粪处理易吸收无公害鱼饲料及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/26—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by irradiation without heating
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种鸭粪处理易吸收无公害鱼饲料及其制造方法,其内按质量分数含有20%‑25%的蛋白水解氨基酸、脂肪水解碳水化合物2%‑5%、灰分15%‑25%、原生碳水化合物10%‑13%、纤维素水解碳水化合物5%‑8%,氮、磷、钾总质量0.2%‑0.5%,还含有质量浓度3×106cfu/g‑5×108cfu/g的莱士曼氏乳酸杆菌、1×106cfu/g‑2×108cfu/g的肠拟杆菌、1×106cfu/g‑2×108cfu/g的乳酸鼠李糖杆菌和2×106cfu/g‑3×108cfu/g的地衣芽孢杆菌。本发明回收率高、吸收性好、废物利用、营养配比合理、不会造成水体富营养化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业技术领域,尤其涉及一种鸭粪处理易吸收无公害鱼饲料及其制造方法。
背景技术
鸭粪中含有有机质近30%,其中蛋白占粪总重的23%左右。现有技术中的鸭粪处理主要有三个途径,一是用作产生沼气、二是用作饲料、三是用作农业肥,但根据鸭粪的特性,它是粪尿混合物,水含量高,同时粗蛋白含量高(明显高于鸡粪)而矿物质含量低(明显低于鸡粪),因此用作产生沼气和用作农业肥均不能发挥其最大作用。而现有技术中一般是将鸭粪沤制后直接投放进池塘,鸭粪内的有机质未经处理,鱼难以吸收,同时营养释放率低,为保证鱼的营养供给,一般鸭粪投放量会较大,对于死水环境极易造成水体富营养化,然后大量生物滋生,水溶氧下降,鱼生长受阻,同时由于吸收率低,鸭粪无法作为主要营养成份添加,最多只能添加30%的质量比,其它70%质量比还是要辅以鱼饲料,因此饲养成本仍然很高。
因此,市面上急需一种回收率高、吸收性好、废物利用、营养配比合理、不会造成水体富营养化的鸭粪处理易吸收无公害鱼饲料及其制造方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的上述缺陷,本发明旨在提供一种回收率高、吸收性好、废物利用、营养配比合理、不会造成水体富营养化的鸭粪处理易吸收无公害鱼饲料及其制造方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:一种鸭粪处理易吸收无公害鱼饲料的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
1)生产前准备
①原料准备:按重量份准备鸭粪150份、含有质量浓度1×108cfu/g-1×109cfu/g的莱士曼氏乳酸杆菌菌剂3份-5份、含有质量浓度1×108cfu/g-1×109cfu/g的肠拟杆菌菌剂1份-2份、含有质量浓度1×108cfu/g-1×109cfu/g的乳酸鼠李糖杆菌菌剂1份-2份、含有质量浓度1×108cfu/g-1×109cfu/g的地衣芽孢杆菌菌剂2份-3份;
②辅助原料准备:含有足量蛋白酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶和解旋酶的水剂;
③工装及设备准备:准备密织透水化纤网、密封保温发酵罐、紫外线发生装置、机械搅拌装置;
2)沤制腐熟
①将阶段1)步骤①准备的鸭粪封装进阶段1)步骤③准备密封保温发酵罐中,封闭罐口,自然发酵腐熟6天-8天,获得沤制腐熟粪料;
②采用阶段1)步骤③准备的紫外线发生装置对步骤①获得者的沤制腐熟粪料进行持续辐照,辐照过程中全程通过阶段1)步骤③准备的机械搅拌装置保持粪料的均匀搅拌状态,持续5h-6h,获得固态灭菌裂解粪料;
3)去矿物质并酶解
①将阶段2)获得的固态灭菌裂解粪料装入阶段1)步骤③准备的密织透水化纤网中,采用纯净水往袋内冲刷淋滤,至淋滤渗漏出的水体质量占固态灭菌裂解粪料总质量的80%-150%,然后烘干密织透水化纤网内的剩余粪料,获得固化无盐粪料;
②将步骤①获得的固化无盐粪料机械粉碎成渣后完全浸入纯净水中,然后在纯净水中倒入阶段1)步骤②准备的含有足量蛋白酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶和解旋酶的水剂,升温至30℃-35℃,持续6h-8h,获得酶解粪料;
4)饲料制备
①将阶段3)获得的酶解粪料与阶段1)步骤①准备的莱士曼氏乳酸杆菌菌剂、肠拟杆菌菌剂、乳酸鼠李糖杆菌菌剂、地衣芽孢杆菌菌剂混合并搅拌均匀,然后自然干燥至糊状后挤制成黄豆大小的固体颗粒,再置于阴凉湿润处自然风干,获得绿豆大小的固体颗粒,这些固体颗粒即为所需鸭粪处理易吸收无公害鱼饲料。
采用上述方法制造的鸭粪处理易吸收无公害鱼饲料,其内按质量分数含有20%-25%的蛋白水解氨基酸、脂肪水解碳水化合物2%-5%、灰分15%-25%、原生碳水化合物10%-13%、纤维素水解碳水化合物5%-8%,氮、磷、钾总质量0.2%-0.5%,还含有质量浓度3×106cfu/g-5×108cfu/g的莱士曼氏乳酸杆菌、1×106cfu/g-2×108cfu/g的肠拟杆菌、1×106cfu/g-2×108cfu/g的乳酸鼠李糖杆菌和2×106cfu/g-3×108cfu/g的地衣芽孢杆菌。
与现技术比较,本发明由于采用了上述方案,具有以下优点:(1)不同于现有技术的是在饲料中还加入了多种对鱼而言的益生微生物,其中莱士曼氏乳酸杆菌可以帮助鱼体合成鱼本身不能合成的泛酸、维生素B1、生物素、尼克酸、维生素B12等鱼体必须营养素;肠拟杆菌可以明显提升鱼血液白细胞的吞噬百分比和吞噬指数;乳酸鼠李糖杆菌能明显提升鱼血液载氧量,提升鱼的生命活性;地衣芽孢杆菌可以明显改善鱼的肠道环境、增强消化并拮抗有害菌,众所周知,鱼业养殖中若采用″水花鱼苗″,平均存活率一般不高于40%,但若投食本发明,可以将该比例提升至约60%。(2)非常巧妙合理地利用沤制腐熟后部分粗蛋白已变质凝固(部分丧失水溶性),然后再通过较长时间的紫外线直射,一方面是灭活了绝大部分鸭粪中的原生细菌,一方面是将几乎所有的粗蛋白全部炙熟变质凝固,使得粪便中的主要有机营养全部暂时丧失水溶性(脂肪和纤维素本身就不溶于水),再通过化学性质稳定、耐酸耐碱耐水的化纤网将固体物锁住,通过水淋滤,此时的淋滤几乎不会损害到有机营养质,仅会将粪料中的氮、磷、钾等游离矿物质淋滤出,使粪料内的矿物质含量大辐下降,因此本发明可以大量施用而不会导致水体富营养化。(3)采用蛋白酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶和解旋酶对固化后又粉碎的粪料渣进行酶解,可以将固化的变性蛋白水解成多肽、将鱼完全无法吸收的脂肪和纤维素(纤维素的主要来源是鸭饲料中的青绿饲料,鸭的消化***未完全消化的部分)水解成多糖(碳水化合物),与原生碳水化合物一起便于鱼体吸收,而额外添加的解旋酶就是将大分子的有机链解旋以促进水解过程,使水解更充分、水解后有机分子的平均分子量更低,更易被消化***不完善的鱼吸收。(4)本发明的回收率极高,通过淋滤的方式淋滤出的基本上都是游离的氮、磷、钾等水溶性矿物质,可以不经处理直接用于植物肥,而本发明利用的营养成份没有丝毫损耗,几乎全部变成了鱼体甚至是幼鱼均可吸收的小分子有机物,浪费极低,吸收率很高,同时可以大量施加,不会导致水体富营养化。(5)饲料制备的最后阶段,通过挤制成半干颗粒后自然风干,获得的就是自然成型的多孔小颗粒,从结构上可以轻易推断出这是带有缓释性质(针对幼鱼时期)的饲料,同时也可以直接作为饵料被成鱼吞食,促进鱼体生长发育,不用再更替饲料种类,降低了技术门槛。(6)本发明环环相扣,通过自然沤制腐熟和紫外线综合作用消除了蛋白质的水溶性后通过水淋去除了本发明技术目的考虑为负面作用的水溶性矿物质,然后又通过双重酶解(作为主酶的蛋白酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶和作为辅酶的解旋酶双重作用)将原营养素分解为短链小分子有机物——多肽和多糖(碳水化合物),其中多肽对最后添加的微生物生长意义不大,基本可以完好地保持下来,然后水解后相对丰盈的碳水化合物则可作为基础营养素保证四种益生菌的生存与繁殖能量,更好、更持久地保持了添加的益生菌的活性及数量,使本发明的实用性和市场化运输可能性大大提高。(7)本发明通过有机物的固化和水溶性盐的溶失,轻易且快速地阻止了氨气的产生,也阻止了鸭粪内自生微生物的自然分解带来的氨气(粪臭的来源,也是环境污染的来源),因此本发明变废为宝,是资源再利用的优秀方案。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
一种鸭粪处理易吸收无公害鱼饲料,其内按质量分数含有20%-25%的蛋白水解氨基酸、脂肪水解碳水化合物2%-5%、灰分15%-25%、原生碳水化合物10%-13%、纤维素水解碳水化合物5%-8%,氮、磷、钾总质量0.2%-0.5%,还含有质量浓度3×106cfu/g-5×108cfu/g的莱士曼氏乳酸杆菌、1×106cfu/g-2×108cfu/g的肠拟杆菌、1×106cfu/g-2×108cfu/g的乳酸鼠李糖杆菌和2×106cfu/g-3×108cfu/g的地衣芽孢杆菌。
上述鸭粪处理易吸收无公害鱼饲料的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
1)生产前准备
①原料准备:按重量份准备鸭粪150Kg、含有质量浓度1×108cfu/g-1×109cfu/g的莱士曼氏乳酸杆菌菌剂3Kg、含有质量浓度1×108cfu/g-1×109cfu/g的肠拟杆菌菌剂1Kg、含有质量浓度1×108cfu/g-1×109cfu/g的乳酸鼠李糖杆菌菌剂1Kg、含有质量浓度1×108cfu/g-1×109cfu/g的地衣芽孢杆菌菌剂2Kg;
②辅助原料准备:含有足量蛋白酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶和解旋酶的水剂;
③工装及设备准备:准备密织透水化纤网、密封保温发酵罐、紫外线发生装置、机械搅拌装置;
2)沤制腐熟
①将阶段1)步骤①准备的鸭粪封装进阶段1)步骤③准备密封保温发酵罐中,封闭罐口,自然发酵腐熟6天,获得沤制腐熟粪料;
②采用阶段1)步骤③准备的紫外线发生装置对步骤①获得者的沤制腐熟粪料进行持续辐照,辐照过程中全程通过阶段1)步骤③准备的机械搅拌装置保持粪料的均匀搅拌状态,持续5h,获得固态灭菌裂解粪料;
3)去矿物质并酶解
①将阶段2)获得的固态灭菌裂解粪料装入阶段1)步骤③准备的密织透水化纤网中,采用纯净水往袋内冲刷淋滤,至淋滤渗漏出的水体质量占固态灭菌裂解粪料总质量的80%,然后烘干密织透水化纤网内的剩余粪料,获得固化无盐粪料;
②将步骤①获得的固化无盐粪料机械粉碎成渣后完全浸入纯净水中,然后在纯净水中倒入阶段1)步骤②准备的含有足量蛋白酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶和解旋酶的水剂,升温至30℃,持续6h,获得酶解粪料;
4)饲料制备
①将阶段3)获得的酶解粪料与阶段1)步骤①准备的莱士曼氏乳酸杆菌菌剂、肠拟杆菌菌剂、乳酸鼠李糖杆菌菌剂、地衣芽孢杆菌菌剂混合并搅拌均匀,然后自然干燥至糊状后挤制成黄豆大小的固体颗粒,再置于阴凉湿润处自然风干,获得绿豆大小的固体颗粒,这些固体颗粒即为所需鸭粪处理易吸收无公害鱼饲料。
采用本实施例的鱼饲料,以十个新塘作为试点,以水花鲤鱼鱼苗作为试验鱼种,以不添加本发明的常规饲料作为阴性对照,试验结果为采用本发明的鱼塘内平均成活率56%,远高于阴性对照的35%,一年期成品鱼重平均增加13%,鱼肉口感明显更加细嫩。
实施例2:
整体与实施例1一致,差异之处在于:
上述鸭粪处理易吸收无公害鱼饲料的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
1)生产前准备
①原料准备:按重量份准备鸭粪150Kg、含有质量浓度1×108cfu/g-1×109cfu/g的莱士曼氏乳酸杆菌菌剂5Kg、含有质量浓度1×108cfu/g-1×109cfu/g的肠拟杆菌菌剂2Kg、含有质量浓度1×108cfu/g-1×109cfu/g的乳酸鼠李糖杆菌菌剂2Kg、含有质量浓度1×108cfu/g-1×109cfu/g的地衣芽孢杆菌菌剂3Kg;
2)沤制腐熟
①将阶段1)步骤①准备的鸭粪封装进阶段1)步骤③准备密封保温发酵罐中,封闭罐口,自然发酵腐熟8天,获得沤制腐熟粪料;
②采用阶段1)步骤③准备的紫外线发生装置对步骤①获得者的沤制腐熟粪料进行持续辐照,辐照过程中全程通过阶段1)步骤③准备的机械搅拌装置保持粪料的均匀搅拌状态,持续6h,获得固态灭菌裂解粪料;
3)去矿物质并酶解
①将阶段2)获得的固态灭菌裂解粪料装入阶段1)步骤③准备的密织透水化纤网中,采用纯净水往袋内冲刷淋滤,至淋滤渗漏出的水体质量占固态灭菌裂解粪料总质量的150%,然后烘干密织透水化纤网内的剩余粪料,获得固化无盐粪料;
②将步骤①获得的固化无盐粪料机械粉碎成渣后完全浸入纯净水中,然后在纯净水中倒入阶段1)步骤②准备的含有足量蛋白酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶和解旋酶的水剂,升温至35℃,持续8h,获得酶解粪料;
采用本实施例的鱼饲料,以十个新塘作为试点,以水花鲤鱼鱼苗作为试验鱼种,以不添加本发明的常规饲料作为阴性对照,试验结果为采用本发明的鱼塘内平均成活率63%,远高于阴性对照的35%,一年期成品鱼重平均增加17%,鱼肉口感明显更加细嫩。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,仅为了使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种鸭粪处理易吸收无公害鱼饲料的制造方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)生产前准备
①原料准备:按重量份准备鸭粪150份、含有质量浓度1×108cfu/g-1×109cfu/g的莱士曼氏乳酸杆菌菌剂3份-5份、含有质量浓度1×108cfu/g-1×109cfu/g的肠拟杆菌菌剂1份-2份、含有质量浓度1×108cfu/g-1×109cfu/g的乳酸鼠李糖杆菌菌剂1份-2份、含有质量浓度1×108cfu/g-1×109cfu/g的地衣芽孢杆菌菌剂2份-3份;
②辅助原料准备:含有足量蛋白酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶和解旋酶的水剂;
③工装及设备准备:准备密织透水化纤网、密封保温发酵罐、紫外线发生装置、机械搅拌装置;
2)沤制腐熟
①将阶段1)步骤①准备的鸭粪封装进阶段1)步骤③准备密封保温发酵罐中,封闭罐口,自然发酵腐熟6天-8天,获得沤制腐熟粪料;
②采用阶段1)步骤③准备的紫外线发生装置对步骤①获得者的沤制腐熟粪料进行持续辐照,辐照过程中全程通过阶段1)步骤③准备的机械搅拌装置保持粪料的均匀搅拌状态,持续5h-6h,获得固态灭菌裂解粪料;
3)去矿物质并酶解
①将阶段2)获得的固态灭菌裂解粪料装入阶段1)步骤③准备的密织透水化纤网中,采用纯净水往袋内冲刷淋滤,至淋滤渗漏出的水体质量占固态灭菌裂解粪料总质量的80%-150%,然后烘干密织透水化纤网内的剩余粪料,获得固化无盐粪料;
②将步骤①获得的固化无盐粪料机械粉碎成渣后完全浸入纯净水中,然后在纯净水中倒入阶段1)步骤②准备的含有足量蛋白酶、纤维素酶、脂肪酶和解旋酶的水剂,升温至30℃-35℃,持续6h-8h,获得酶解粪料;
4)饲料制备
①将阶段3)获得的酶解粪料与阶段1)步骤①准备的莱士曼氏乳酸杆菌菌剂、肠拟杆菌菌剂、乳酸鼠李糖杆菌菌剂、地衣芽孢杆菌菌剂混合并搅拌均匀,然后自然干燥至糊状后挤制成黄豆大小的固体颗粒,再置于阴凉湿润处自然风干,获得绿豆大小的固体颗粒,这些固体颗粒即为所需鸭粪处理易吸收无公害鱼饲料。
2.一种采用权利要求1所述方法制造的鸭粪处理易吸收无公害鱼饲料,其特征在于:该饲料内按质量分数含有20%-25%的蛋白水解氨基酸、脂肪水解碳水化合物2%-5%、灰分15%-25%、原生碳水化合物10%-13%、纤维素水解碳水化合物5%-8%,氮、磷、钾总质量0.2%-0.5%,还含有质量浓度3×106cfu/g-5×108cfu/g的莱士曼氏乳酸杆菌、1×106cfu/g-2×108cfu/g的肠拟杆菌、1×106cfu/g-2×108cfu/g的乳酸鼠李糖杆菌和2×106cfu/g-3×108cfu/g的地衣芽孢杆菌。
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兰兴斌: "如何提高水库的养殖综合效益", 《渔业致富指南》 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN109879580A (zh) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-06-14 | 淮海工学院 | 一种无害化鸡粪快速脱臭水解处理方法 |
CN109879580B (zh) * | 2019-03-06 | 2021-07-23 | 淮海工学院 | 一种无害化鸡粪快速脱臭水解处理方法 |
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