CN109392728A - A kind of determination method of the padding curing of dystopy fermentation bed - Google Patents
A kind of determination method of the padding curing of dystopy fermentation bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN109392728A CN109392728A CN201811571141.3A CN201811571141A CN109392728A CN 109392728 A CN109392728 A CN 109392728A CN 201811571141 A CN201811571141 A CN 201811571141A CN 109392728 A CN109392728 A CN 109392728A
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000194033 Enterococcus Species 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 4
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010059410 Faecaluria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000726221 Gemma Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000124879 Grus leucogeranus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012408 PCR amplification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012300 Sequence Analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010564 aerobic fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013065 commercial product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010201 enrichment analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003519 ventilatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K31/00—Housing birds
- A01K31/04—Dropping-boards; Devices for removing excrement
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of determination methods of the padding of dystopy fermentation bed curing, belong to fermentation technical field, comprising: after the pad material fermentation starts, detect temperature of the padding from top to bottom at 18~22cm daily, when the temperature is at 30 DEG C or less, show that padding has cured；The height of the padding is 30~150cm.The curing time of padding can be effectively determined using method provided by the invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fermentation technical fields, and in particular to a kind of determination method of the padding curing of dystopy fermentation bed.
Background technique
Dystopy fermentation bed is established to adapt to livestock and poultry cultivation waste improvement needs, in terms of handling pig manure dirt, dystopy
Fermentation bed is similar to compost principle, but when dystopy fermentation bed processing waste, needs repeatedly to add excrement into bed body whithin a period of time
Dirt is then different from compost to reach processing intent in this respect.Dystopy fermentation bed by fermentation tank, padding, microbial bacterial agent, turn over and cast
The composition such as standby, sprinkling equipment, waste pipeline, rain-proof shelter.Dystopy fermentation bed is mixed after microbe leaven is added using fermentation raw material
Stirring is closed, paves in fermentation vat, waste is sprayed directly in fermentation bed, using automatic turner, fill waste and padding
Divide and be stirred, adjust padding humidity, padding ventilatory capacity is increased by stirring, is conducive to microorganism and sufficiently ferments, generate simultaneously
Higher temperature evaporates moisture, repeatedly sprays waste persistent loop fermentation, and final conversion generates organic fertilizer.Dystopy fermenting bed padding
Determine pollution control efficiency and benefit using the time, but do not have effective method that can judge dystopy in the prior art
The curing time of the padding of fermentation bed.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of determination methods of the padding of dystopy fermentation bed curing, are provided using the present invention
Method can effectively determine curing time of dystopy fermenting bed padding.
The present invention provides a kind of determination methods of the padding of dystopy fermentation bed curing, comprising: the pad material fermentation starts
Afterwards, temperature of the detection padding from top to bottom at 18~22cm shows that padding is ripe when the temperature is at 30 DEG C or less daily
Change；
The height of the padding is 30~150cm.
Preferably, the detection padding from top to bottom temperature at 20cm daily.
Preferably, the height of the padding is 100cm.
Preferably, the width of the padding is 4~6m.
Preferably, the length of the padding is 30~60m.
Preferably, the raw material of the padding includes sawdust, rice husk and mushroom bran.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the sawdust, rice husk and mushroom bran is (10~20): (10~20): (60~80).
Preferably, after the padding being mixed with water, fermentative microorganism, fermentation material, the water content of the fermentation material are obtained
It is 40~50%.
Preferably, the quantity of fermentative microorganism is 0.5~0.8 × 10 in the fermentation material8cfu/cm3。
Preferably, the fermentative microorganism includes bacillus subtilis, enterococcus and bacillus licheniformis, the withered grass bud
The mass ratio of spore bacillus and enterococcus, bacillus licheniformis is (30~50): (10~20): (30~60).
The present invention provides a kind of determination methods of the padding of dystopy fermentation bed curing, comprising: the pad material fermentation starts
Afterwards, temperature of the detection padding from top to bottom at 18~22cm shows that padding is ripe when the temperature is at 30 DEG C or less daily
Change；The height of the padding is 30~150cm.In the present invention, for the height of padding in 30~150cm, padding is from top to bottom
DIE Temperature when temperature at 18~22cm is padding aerobic fermentation, change of temperature can determine whether padding is ripe at this
Change.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is dystopy fermentation bed fecaluria processing technological flow；
Fig. 2 is the organigram of dystopy fermentation bed；
Temperature change when Fig. 3 is the degradation pig manure dirt of dystopy fermentation bed.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of determination methods of the padding of dystopy fermentation bed curing, comprising: the pad material fermentation starts
Afterwards, temperature of the detection padding from top to bottom at 18~22cm shows that padding is ripe when the temperature is at 30 DEG C or less daily
Change；The height of the padding is 30~150cm.
The present invention detects temperature of the padding from top to bottom at 20cm preferably after the pad material fermentation starts daily.
The present invention is not particularly limited the raw material of the padding, the raw material used using normal fermentation, in this hair
In bright, the padding preferably includes sawdust, rice husk and mushroom bran, the mass ratio of the sawdust, rice husk and mushroom bran be preferably (10~
20): (10~20): (60~80), more preferably 15:15:70.The present invention does not have the source of the sawdust, rice husk and mushroom bran
Particular determination, using routine.
In the present invention, the highly preferred of the padding is 60~140cm, most preferably 100cm；The width of the padding
Preferably 4~6m, more preferably 5m；The length of the padding is preferably 30~60m, more preferably 40~50m.
The present invention preferably mixes the padding with water, fermentative microorganism, ferments after obtaining fermentation material.
In the present invention, the water content of the fermentation material is preferably 40~50%, and more preferably 45%.
In the present invention, the quantity of fermentative microorganism is 0.5~0.8 × 10 in the fermentation material8cfu/cm3, the fermentation
Microorganism preferably includes bacillus subtilis, enterococcus and bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus subtilis and enterococcus, lichens
The mass ratio of bacillus is preferably (30~50): (10~20): (30~60), more preferably (35~45): (12~18):
(35~55).The present invention is not particularly limited the source of the bacillus subtilis, enterococcus and bacillus licheniformis, uses
Conventional commercial product.
The present invention is not particularly limited the management method of the dystopy fermentation bed, using Routine Management method.
The present invention sprays waste, spray flow and spray of the present invention to the waste preferably after the pad material fermentation daily
Processing after leaching is not particularly limited, using routine.
A kind of determination method of the padding curing of dystopy fermentation bed of the present invention is done combined with specific embodiments below
Further details of introduction, technical solution of the present invention include but is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1 materials and methods
1.1 test dystopy fermentation bed designs
Test is carried out in white crane village, the Xuyi Jiangsu county Animal Raising Zone Wen Shi, and dystopy fermentation bed is by fermentation vat, turner, spray
Machine etc. is constituted.Fermentation vat width is 5m, depth 1.4m, length 40m, is made of 4 fermentation vats, and bed body top sets up waste
The turner of spray thrower and rail walking.Fermentation bed side be equipped with become pond track equipment, turner can transverse movement, pass through become pond
Track becomes track to another pond from a pond, continues operation.Enter fermentation bed for rainwater-proof etc., has rain-proof steel at the top of bed body
Structure greenhouse and length are identical as fermentation vat (Fig. 2).
1.2 dystopy fermenting bed padding formulas and bed body preparation method
Strong padding permselectivity, the sawdust of good hygroscopicity, rice husk and mushroom bran composition are tested, mass ratio is to be respectively
15%, 15% and 70% mixing, is uniformly layed in four fermentation vats, and being laid with height is 1m.It is mixed after adding water and fermentative microorganism
It closes, measures temperature at bed body 20cm after adjusting moisture content to 45%, 72h, spray thrower is started to open after reaching 60 DEG C, by set
Program is by the waste pump drainage in sump into 4 bed bodies.Fermentative microorganism is bacillus subtilis, enterococcus and lichens gemma
Bacillus, mass ratio 30:10:30.
1.3 bed body management methods
Prepare 72h after dystopy fermentation bed according to the above method, temperature starts bed body after reaching 60 DEG C at 20cm from top to bottom
Start spray thrower, the waste pump drainage in sump is sprayed in 4 bed bodies by blas, each spray head is directed at a fermentation
Pond, spray thrower spray the waste in sump on fermenting bed padding in walking, and spray thrower is shared same set of with turner
Walking track, after a waste slurry spray back and forth is completed in one-stop operation, spray thrower is returned in the spray rack of fermentation bed one end,
Subsequent start-up turner, the speed of travel 4m/min, 20min complete 40m round trip.And so on 1 time, complete waste
It sprays, turn over throwing mixture operation.It is 1 time/d that waste pump drainage, which sprays number, and turning over and throwing number is 3 times/d, depth 0.9m, turns over and throws the time
It is respectively as follows: 8:00,13:00,17:00.Experiment opening is not added with new padding between the duration of an exhibition.
1.4 daily waste additive amounts
For control bed body fermentation process, for the first time out of sump pump drainage to bed body waste total amount standard are as follows: bed body is under
And stop spraying for the first time when padding moisture content rises to 50% at upper 50cm, waste additive amount is gradually increased within later 5 days, until bed
When padding moisture content rises to 55% at body 50cm, maximum is added for daily waste.
1.5 test periods and padding curing time determine
Test period is -2017 years on the 15th November 15 of August in 2017.Bed body temperature-measuring method is to turn over for the first time daily
To padding, from bottom to top the depths 20cm temperature is measured after throwing, records 10 points altogether every time.
1.6 the method for sampling
When the November in 2017 of off-test on the 15th, padding height by it is initial when 1m be down to 60cm, while to bed body 10m,
Section sampling is carried out at 30m, 50m, selects to obtain 9 from each 1000g of padding at bed body bottom 50cm, 30cm, 10cm respectively
Padding sample under different location, different height, label are respectively M1, M3, M5；Height of sampling is 50cm, bed body position exists
Sample at 10m, 30m, 50m is respectively labeled as M11, M12, M13；Height of sampling is 30cm, bed body position in 10m, 30m, 50m
The sample at place is respectively labeled as M21, M22, M23；Height of sampling is the sample of 10cm, bed body position at 10m, 30m, 50m point
Biao Ji not be, M32, M33；4 DEG C of preservation next day hand over hundred Mai Ke company of Beijing to carry out curing padding bacterium and fungi microbe survey
Sequence analysis.
1.7 analysis method
After extracting padding sample total DNA, primer is obtained according to conserved regions design, adds sequence measuring joints in prime end, into
Row PCR amplification and its product is purified, quantitative and homogenization forms sequencing library, the advanced style of writing library matter in the library built up
Inspection, the library of quality inspection qualification is sequenced with Illumina HiSeq 2500.
Using the method for double end sequencings (Paired-End), filtered by splicing to Reads, OTUs (Operational
Taxonomic Units) cluster, and species annotation and enrichment analysis are carried out, disclose curing padding different spaces height microorganism
It constitutes, excavates the padding microorganism difference under different spaces.
2 results and discussion
2.1 dystopy fermenting bed paddings determined and analyze using the time limit.
As can be drawn from Figure 3, during on-test 85d-90d, daily turn over after throwing is handled is carried out to bed body and carries out bed body
Temperature measuring at 20cm, discovery padding temperature are gradually decrease to 30 DEG C, significantly reduce compared with bed body temperature before 80d, accordingly
Determine that the dystopy fermenting bed padding has cured, infers using the mixing of sawdust 15%, rice husk 15% and the mixing composition pad of mushroom bran 70%
When the dystopy fermentation bed that material height is 1m handles pig manure dirt, in the case of during which additionally not adding padding, the bed body padding curing time
About 90d, the padding after curing can make raw material and carry out organic fertilizer production.
Microorganism OTU quantity variance under 2.2 curing padding different heights
OTU, that is, sort operation unit is in phylogenetics research or population genetic study, for the ease of being divided
Analysis, artificially to the same mark of some taxon (strain is planted, and is belonged to, grouping etc.) setting.According to different similarity water
It is flat, OTU division is carried out to all sequences, under normal circumstances, if the similitude between sequence, which is higher than 97%, to determine it
Justice is an OTU, and each OTU represents sequence corresponding to a kind of.Use the UCLUST in QIIME (version 1.8.0) software
Tags is clustered in the case where 97% similarity is horizontal, obtains OTU, the results are shown in Table 1.
1 maturation period of table different height dystopy fermenting bed padding bacterium and fungi microbe OTU quantity variance
Table 1 is as it can be seen that bacterium and fungi microbe OTU quantity variance are aobvious in dystopy fermentation bed curing padding under different height
It writes, compared with bacterium and fungi microbe OTU quantity from bed body bottom 50cm are at from bed body bottom 30cm and 10cm, increases respectively
Add 29.54% and 103.43%.
Conclusion
Use sawdust 15% mixing, rice husk 15% and mushroom bran 70% mixing composition padding height for the dystopy fermentation bed of 1m at
When managing pig manure dirt, in the case of during which additionally not adding padding, the bed body padding curing time is about 90d；Dystopy fermentation bed handles pig
During waste, to improve waste degradation rate, it should be noted that throwing efficiency is turned in raising, increases bed body aeration quantity, and it is rich to improve microorganism
Fu Du, dead bed caused by reducing because of oxygen content deficiency in padding.
Embodiment 2
When the height of padding is 30cm, other conditions obtain padding 32d and have cured with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
When the height of padding is 60cm, other conditions obtain padding 55d and have cured with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
When the height of padding is 100cm, other conditions obtain padding 85d and have cured with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
When the height of padding is 140cm, other conditions obtain padding 91d and have cured with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6
When the height of padding is 150cm, other conditions obtain padding 100d and have cured with embodiment 1.
As seen from the above embodiment, the curing time of padding can be effectively determined using method of the invention.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the determination method that a kind of padding of dystopy fermentation bed cures characterized by comprising after the pad material fermentation starts,
Temperature of the detection padding from top to bottom at 18~22cm shows that padding has cured when the temperature is at 30 DEG C or less daily；
The height of the padding is 30~150cm.
2. determination method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the detection padding from top to bottom temperature at 20cm daily
Degree.
3. determination method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the height of the padding is 100cm.
4. determination method according to claim 1 or 3, which is characterized in that the width of the padding is 4~6m.
5. according to determination method according to claim 1 or 4, which is characterized in that the length of the padding is 30~60m.
6. determination method according to claim 1 or 5, which is characterized in that the raw material of the padding include sawdust, rice husk and
Mushroom bran.
7. determination method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the mass ratio of the sawdust, rice husk and mushroom bran is (10
~20): (10~20): (60~80).
8. determination method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that after the padding is mixed with water, fermentative microorganism,
Fermentation material is obtained, the water content of the fermentation material is 40~50%.
9. determination method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the quantity of fermentative microorganism is in the fermentation material
0.5~0.8 × 108cfu/cm3。
10. determination method according to claim 8 or claim 9, which is characterized in that the fermentative microorganism includes bacillus subtilis
Bacterium, enterococcus and bacillus licheniformis, the bacillus subtilis and enterococcus, bacillus licheniformis mass ratio be (30~
50): (10~20): (30~60).
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| CN201811571141.3A CN109392728A (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 | A kind of determination method of the padding curing of dystopy fermentation bed |
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| CN201811571141.3A CN109392728A (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2018-12-21 | A kind of determination method of the padding curing of dystopy fermentation bed |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112279696A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-01-29 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Solid matrix raw material prepared from rabbit farm waste liquid and preparation method thereof |
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