CN109392305B - Method for predicting size of steel tower foundation - Google Patents

Method for predicting size of steel tower foundation Download PDF

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CN109392305B
CN109392305B CN201780013047.3A CN201780013047A CN109392305B CN 109392305 B CN109392305 B CN 109392305B CN 201780013047 A CN201780013047 A CN 201780013047A CN 109392305 B CN109392305 B CN 109392305B
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electric field
resistance
equation
soil
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CN109392305A (en
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柳喜桓
金敬烈
金大洪
裵斗山
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Han Guodianligongshe
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D37/00—Repair of damaged foundations or foundation structures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/20—Measuring earth resistance; Measuring contact resistance, e.g. of earth connections, e.g. plates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/26—Measuring inductance or capacitance; Measuring quality factor, e.g. by using the resonance method; Measuring loss factor; Measuring dielectric constants ; Measuring impedance or related variables
    • G01R27/2617—Measuring dielectric properties, e.g. constants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
    • G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations

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  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for predicting the size of a steel tower foundation, which comprises the following steps: measuring an electric field under soil surrounding a foundation buried to support the steel tower; generating a relational expression for the subsurface resistance from the measured electric field when the electric field is measured; and deducing the size of the foundation according to the relation between the measured electric field and the resistance. According to the invention, the size of the steel tower foundation can be accurately predicted.

Description

Method for predicting size of steel tower foundation
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for predicting the size of a steel tower foundation buried underground.
Background
The steel tower is a tower made of steel frames or steel rods and mainly used as a support structure of a power transmission line. The shape of the steel tower varies depending on the transmitted power and voltage of the wire, the terrain over which the wire passes, etc., but its horizontal cross-section is usually square.
To prevent the steel tower from collapsing, a foundation (footing, foundation) structure is installed underground and the steel tower is installed on the foundation structure.
The steel tower foundation may also be an inverted T, L, and deep foundation depending on conditions such as terrain.
Steel towers are structures built with respect to their safety, but age over time due to the influence of wind, and therefore require reinforcement of their foundation.
Therefore, the stability of the steel tower needs to be checked periodically. In korea, among the number of steel towers built before 6 months 1988, the number of steel towers reinforced before 2015 was 4,324, and the number of steel towers to be reinforced thereafter was 4,220.
Meanwhile, in order to reinforce the steel tower foundation, the size of the foundation should be identified. However, in korea, the number of steel towers, the size of which cannot be secured, among 4,220 steel towers that need to be reinforced, reaches 2,306.
Resistivity surveys, seismic surveys, and electromagnetic surveys are available methods that can be used to probe subsurface portions, including the dimensions of steel tower foundations.
When conducting resistivity surveys, it is not possible to accurately determine the shape and size of the steel tower foundation and a large site is required for the survey.
Electromagnetic surveying cannot be applied because the steel tower foundation is not electrically conductive, and seismic surveying cannot achieve accurate results because the signal is disturbed by the steel tower.
That is, the existing methods have limitations and it is difficult to accurately determine the shape and size of the steel tower foundation.
The foregoing is intended to aid in understanding the background of the invention and may include items not previously known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method of accurately predicting the size of a steel tower foundation.
Technical scheme
A method of predicting a size of a steel tower foundation according to an aspect of the present invention includes: measuring an electric field under soil surrounding a foundation buried to support the steel tower; generating a relational expression for the subsurface resistance from the measured electric field when the electric field is measured; and deriving the size of the foundation from the measured electric field and the relational expression for resistance.
Measuring the electric field includes: providing a route parallel to the left and right direction of the foundation with the foundation as the center, wherein the length of the route is equal relative to the two sides of the foundation; installing a plurality of sensors at two stations of a route, respectively; and measuring the electric field by the sensor.
In addition, for the case of deep foundations, the number of sensors for each station is five.
In addition, in the case of an L-shaped foundation, the number of sensors with respect to each station is seven.
Meanwhile, a plurality of sensors installed at each station centering on each station are spaced apart from each other by at least 0.5 meters.
The relational expression for the subsurface resistance as such is derived from a relational expression of the current when no foundation exists, the current of the region corresponding to the foundation, and the current when the foundation material is considered.
Thus, the relational expression for the subsurface resistance includes the permittivity of the soil, the permittivity of the ground, and, as variables, the ratio of the permittivity of the ground to the permittivity of the soil.
A method of predicting the size of a steel tower foundation according to another aspect of the present invention comprises: measuring an electric field under soil surrounding a foundation buried to support the steel tower; generating a relational expression for subsurface resistance from the measured electric field; and deriving the size of the ground through a relational expression for resistance, wherein the relational expression for resistance generated in the case of a deep ground is expressed as the following equation:
Figure BDA0001775078740000031
Figure BDA0001775078740000032
wherein,
Figure BDA0001775078740000035
is the resistance, a is the radius of the sensor used to measure the electric field, σmIs the conductivity, σ, of the soildfIs the conductivity of the deep ground, L is the distance between two sensors for measuring the electric field, KdfThe dielectric constant of the deep foundationdf) Dielectric constant with soil: (m) Ratio of (a) to (b), tdfAnd ddfIs the shape variable of the deep foundation.
In addition, a method of predicting the size of a steel tower foundation according to another aspect of the present invention includes: measuring an electric field under soil surrounding a foundation buried to support the steel tower; generating a relational expression for subsurface resistance from the measured electric field; and deriving the size of the ground through a relational expression for resistance, wherein the relational expression for resistance generated in the case of an L-shaped ground is expressed as the following equation:
Figure BDA0001775078740000033
Figure BDA0001775078740000034
wherein R isLIs the resistance, a is the radius of the sensor used to measure the electric field, σmIs the conductivity, σ, of the soilldIs the conductivity of the L-shaped ground, L is the distance between two sensors for measuring the electric field, KldIs the dielectric constant of the L-shaped foundationld) Dielectric constant with soil: (m) A ratio of (a) to (b), and tld、Tld、dldAnd cldIs the shape variable of the L-shaped foundation.
Advantageous effects
According to the method for predicting the size of the steel tower foundation of the present invention, the approximate embedment depth and shape of the steel tower foundation can be calculated by measuring the resistance value around the steel tower.
Therefore, the embedment depth and shape of the steel tower foundation, which could not be predicted in the past, can be predicted by electric field analysis of the deep foundation and the L-shaped foundation, thereby performing the reinforcement work of the steel tower foundation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a view illustrating a method of predicting the size of a deep foundation.
Fig. 2 is a view illustrating a method of predicting the size of an L-shaped foundation.
Detailed Description
The drawings showing preferred embodiments of the invention and the matter herein described should be referenced for a full understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and the objects obtained by its practice.
In describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, a related art or repeated description, which is considered to obscure the gist of the present invention, will be omitted below.
The method for predicting the size of the steel tower foundation comprises the following steps: firstly, providing a route parallel to the left and right direction of the foundation by taking the foundation as a center, wherein the length of the route relative to the two sides of the foundation is equal; second, a plurality of sensors are then installed at both stations.
The plurality of data is measured by installing about five sensors for each station for the case of the deep foundation, and about seven sensors for each station for the case of the L-shaped foundation.
The plurality of sensors installed at each station centering on each station are preferably spaced apart from each other by at least 0.5 m in consideration of the influence of the surrounding environment.
The electric field is measured by installed sensors and the subsurface resistance is theoretically calculated from the measured electric field.
In addition, the different dimensions of the foundation are deduced by performing an inverse analysis from the generated resistance equation.
Fig. 1 and 2 are views illustrating a method of generating a resistance equation according to a measured electric field. Fig. 1 illustrates a method of predicting the size of a deep foundation, and fig. 2 illustrates a method of predicting the size of an L-shaped foundation.
First, a method of predicting the size of the deep foundation will be described with reference to fig. 1.
The current I represents the amount of charge passing through an arbitrary cross-sectional area ds during the passage of time, and is expressed as the following equation 1 (gauss's law).
[ equation 1]
Figure BDA0001775078740000041
Where σ is the conductivity and E is the electric field.
Equation 2 is obtained by applying equation 1 to the deep foundation of fig. 1.
[ equation 2]
Figure BDA0001775078740000051
Wherein σmIs the conductivity of the soil, EmIs an electric field, σ, generated from the soildfIs the conductivity of the deep foundation, EdfIs an electric field generated from a deep foundation,
Figure BDA0001775078740000056
is the distance from the line connecting the two sensors to any point under the soil.
The first term of equation 2 is an electric field analysis equation in the absence of a deep foundation, the second term is an amount of current corresponding to a region of the deep foundation, and the third term means that a deep foundation material σ is considereddfThe amount of current in time.
The electric field generated from the soil is expressed as equation 3, and the relationship between the electric field generated in the deep foundation and the electric field generated in the soil is expressed as equation 4.
[ equation 3]
Figure BDA0001775078740000052
[ equation 4]
Figure BDA0001775078740000053
Wherein,mis the dielectric constant of the soil, Q is the charge, r is the distance from the sensor to any point in the soil, L is the distance between the two sensors, the vector
Figure BDA0001775078740000055
Is the perpendicular vector in the direction of r, Kdf(＝df/m) Is the dielectric constant of the deep foundationdfDielectric constant with soilmThe ratio of (a) to (b).
The reason for multiplying by two in equation 3 is that any point in the soil is affected by the source sensor and the receiving sensor, respectively.
Equation 5 is obtained by applying equation 3 to the first term of equation 2.
[ equation 5]
Figure BDA0001775078740000054
According to the existing theory, the charge amount Q is expressed as equation 6. Equation 7 is obtained by substituting equations 5 and 6 into equation 2 accordingly.
[ equation 6]
Q＝2πmaV
[ equation 7]
I＝πσmaV-∫σmEmds+∫σdfEdfds
Where a is the radius of the sensor and V is the voltage.
Equation 8 is obtained by substituting equation 4 into equation 7.
[ equation 8]
Figure BDA0001775078740000061
Equation 8 can be expressed as equation 9 by substituting equations 3 and 6 into the integral term of equation 8.
[ equation 9]
Figure BDA0001775078740000062
Wherein, tdfAnd ddfIs a shape variable of the deep foundation of fig. 1.
Therefore, equation 9 can be used with resistance
Figure BDA0001775078740000065
Expressed as equation 10.
[ equation 10]
Figure BDA0001775078740000063
[ equation 11]
Figure BDA0001775078740000064
The variable in equation 10 is
Figure BDA0001775078740000066
a、σm、σdf、L、Kdf、tdfAnd ddf。
Of these variables, a is a known variable, and a variable desired to be obtained is, for example, σm、σdf、Kdf、tdfAnd ddfCan be measured five times according to L
Figure BDA0001775078740000067
Obtained via inverse analysis.
Next, a method of predicting the size of the L-shaped foundation will be described with reference to fig. 2.
When an L-shaped foundation exists under soil, the flowing current is expressed as equation 12, and this equation 12 is modified from equation 2.
[ EQUATION 12 ]
Figure BDA0001775078740000071
Wherein σldIs the conductivity of the L-shaped foundation, EldIs the electric field generated from the L-shaped foundation.
The first term of equation 12 is an electric field analysis equation when there is no L-shaped foundation, the second term is an amount of current corresponding to an L-shaped foundation region, and the third term means that the L-shaped foundation material σ is consideredldThe amount of current in time.
The electric field generated from the soil is expressed as equation 3, and the relationship between the electric field generated in the L-shaped foundation and the electric field generated in the soil is expressed as equation 13.
[ equation 13]
Figure BDA0001775078740000072
Wherein, Kld(＝ld/m) Is the dielectric constant of the L-shaped foundationldDielectric constant with soilmThe ratio of (a) to (b).
Equation 12 (the first term of which is expressed as equation 5) is arranged as equation 14.
Equation 14
I＝πσmaV-∫σmEmds+∫σldEldds
Equation 15 is obtained by substituting equation 13 into equation 14.
[ equation 15]
Figure BDA0001775078740000073
Equation 15 may be expressed by arranging the integral term therein as equation 16.
[ equation 16]
Figure BDA0001775078740000074
Figure BDA0001775078740000075
Wherein, tld、Tld、dldAnd cldIs the shape variable of the L-shaped foundation of fig. 2.
Therefore, equation 16 can be expressed in terms of resistance RLExpressed as equation 17.
[ equation 17]
Figure BDA0001775078740000081
[ equation 18]
Figure BDA0001775078740000082
The variable in equation 17 is RL、a、σm、σld、L、Kld、tld、Tld、dldAnd cld。
Of these variables, a is a known variable, and the desired variable is, for example, σm、σld、L、Kld、tld、Tld、dldAnd cldCan be measured by measuring R seven times according to LLObtained via inverse analysis.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the illustrated drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. On the contrary, it is apparent to those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure pertains that various modifications and alterations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, such modifications or changes should be made to the claims of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should be construed based on the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A method of predicting a size of a steel tower foundation, the method comprising:
providing a route parallel to a left-right direction of the foundation centering on the foundation, wherein the route has an equal length with respect to both sides of the foundation;
installing a plurality of sensors at two stations of the route, respectively;
measuring the electric field by the sensor;
generating a current from the measured electric field while measuring the electric field;
generating a relational expression for the subsurface resistance from the generated current when the current is generated and the voltage is applied; and
deriving the size of the foundation from the measured electric field and a relational expression for the resistance.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of sensors for each station is five for deep foundation conditions.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of sensors for each station is seven for the case of an L-shaped foundation.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors mounted at each station centered on each station are spaced apart from each other by at least 0.5 meters.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the relational expression for the subsurface resistance is derived from a relationship of current flow in the absence of a foundation, current flow for a region corresponding to the foundation, and current flow in consideration of a foundation material.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the relational expression for the subsurface resistance includes a dielectric constant of soil, a dielectric constant of the ground, and a ratio of the dielectric constant of the ground to the dielectric constant of soil as variables.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the relational expression for the resistance generated with deep foundations is represented as the following equation:
Figure FDA0002580696290000011
Figure FDA0002580696290000021
wherein R islIs the resistance, a is the radius of the sensor used to measure the electric field, σmIs the conductivity, σ, of the soildfIs the conductivity of the deep foundation, L is the distance between two sensors for measuring the electric field, KdfIs the dielectric constant of the deep foundationdf) Dielectric constant with soil: (m) Ratio of (a) to (b), tdfAnd ddfIs the shape variable of the deep foundation.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the relational expression for the resistance generated in the case of an L-shaped ground is expressed as the following equation:
Figure FDA0002580696290000022
Figure FDA0002580696290000023
wherein R isLIs the resistance, a is the radius of the sensor used to measure the electric field, σmIs the conductivity, σ, of the soilldIs the electrical conductivity of the L-shaped foundation,l is the distance between two sensors for measuring the electric field, KldIs the dielectric constant of the L-shaped foundation: (ld) Dielectric constant with soil: (m) A ratio of (a) to (b), and tld、Tld、dldAnd cldIs the shape variable of the L-shaped foundation.
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