CN109388960A - Information sharing and multi-party computations model based on block chain - Google Patents
Information sharing and multi-party computations model based on block chain Download PDFInfo
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- CN109388960A CN109388960A CN201811237887.0A CN201811237887A CN109388960A CN 109388960 A CN109388960 A CN 109388960A CN 201811237887 A CN201811237887 A CN 201811237887A CN 109388960 A CN109388960 A CN 109388960A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/60—Protecting data
- G06F21/62—Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules
- G06F21/6218—Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules to a system of files or objects, e.g. local or distributed file system or database
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/60—Protecting data
- G06F21/602—Providing cryptographic facilities or services
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/60—Protecting data
- G06F21/62—Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules
- G06F21/6218—Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules to a system of files or objects, e.g. local or distributed file system or database
- G06F21/6227—Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules to a system of files or objects, e.g. local or distributed file system or database where protection concerns the structure of data, e.g. records, types, queries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of information sharing based on block chain and Secure Multi-party Computation Protocols, mainly solve the problems, such as that existing multi-party computations be easy to cause user to be unable to autonomous control data and easily obtain data by third party, the technical solution of proposition are as follows: 1) construct storage model, index table information on chain is stored with the mode that database under chain combines.2) data sharing model is constructed, user can also withdraw permission by authorizing third party to access its data at any time.3) guarantee the consistency between node using the common recognition mechanism of block chain；4) on the basis of node correctness, using MapReduce programming model, model is divided into two stages of Map and Reduce, the task that host node carries out Map and Reduce to node is distributed；5) Map node carries out computations using improved homomorphic encryption algorithm；6) encrypted data are carried out integration output data file by Reduce node.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of information security technology, are related to a kind of shared and multi-party computations mould based on block chain
Type.
Background technique
As today's society rapidly develops, digitlization and information-based degree are higher and higher, and data-privacy is to life and work
It has a huge impact, in medical treatment & health, the fields such as finance, data-privacy protection has become the most important thing.Different from tradition
He believes that mechanism, block chain technology have the total letter characteristic for going to trusted third party for the centralization of system, controls user oneself
The data of oneself.The data of block chain disclose owner, anyone can be by disclosed interface polls data, entirely
System information highly transparent.Therefore it is flat can to construct feasible safety calculating for the account book that block chain can verify that as a distribution
The basis of platform.
Multi-party computations refer to that in a distributed network, multiple users respectively hold some data inputs, it is desirable to altogether
With the calculating of complete paired data, while requiring each user that cannot know any inputs of other users in addition to calculated result
Information.The simple privacy that will not reveal user to a certain extent using multi-party computations, but user cannot be from master control
Data processed, the third-party institution is probably because oneself interests obtains data.Therefore both block chain and multi-party computations are mutually tied
It closes, both protects privacy, while user also being made to possess the control to data.
But the characteristics of block chain decentralization, determines that any one participant cannot be trusted, it is possible that
Malicious node and because benefits of different parties it is inconsistent caused by data disagreement the problems such as.As any distributed system, block chain
The problems such as system can face network delay, security breaches.And existing high-performance calculation mostly uses and concentrates shared storage system
System, this architecture centered on storing simplifies the complexity of programming, when handling large-scale data, easily reduces
Systematic entirety energy, mean free error time shorten, system availability decline.How to solve the problems, such as to trust each other between node
And realize that multi-party computations are the technical issues that need to address using high-performance calculation on the basis of mutual trust.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose a kind of information sharing based on block chain and multi-party computations model, pass through
The method that block chain is combined with multi-party computations, being calculated in many ways solving conventional security prevents user from autonomous control number
The problem of probably obtaining data because of oneself interests according to, the third-party institution.
Technical thought of the invention is: knowing mechanism in all to each node in block chain, first with common recognition on block chain
Mechanism solves the problems, such as to trust each other between block chain node.On the basis of mutual trust, each node of multi-party computations is utilized
The functional value for needing to obtain is calculated jointly, i.e., is utilized the input of user using the parallel frame model of MapReduce improved
Homomorphic encryption algorithm is calculated, and returns result to user, will not reveal any privacy information in the process.User
The encryption that new encryption key carries out data is generated, is stored under chain and is saved, and accessed according to the request of user
Data permission is authorized.
According to above-mentioned thinking, realization step of the invention includes the following:
1) storage model of block chain is constructed:
It is stored in such a way that index table information on chain is combined with database under chain.Concordance list storage on chain
Index information (index classification and the address for encrypting file), and form index block and be stored on block chain.Concordance list will be inquired
The information category of person's inquiry is corresponding with storage address value, and small part memory is occupied on chain.Data database storing under chain
The data file encryption that owner uploads, guarantees the safety of data.
2) data sharing model is constructed:
User can also withdraw permission at any time, cancel third party to data by authorizing third party to access its data
Access.
3) the common recognition algorithm model of block chain is constructed:
3a) common recognition system is made of n common recognition node, provides the f=fault-tolerant ability of (n-1)/3.Node synchronizing process is adopted
It completes to synchronize with the mode for asking for block and verification to other nodes.
3b) view replacement process is to carry out attempting to cut on the basis of combining block to generate agreement, then using timeout mechanism
It changes.It reduces to a certain extent and calculates power expense and volume of transmitted data.
4) multi-party computations model is constructed:
MapReduce programming model 4a) is utilized, model is divided into two stages of Map and Reduce, host node is to node
Carry out the task distribution of Map and Reduce.
It is 4b) several small files by raw data file cutting fragment, gives Map node and carry out parallel processing, Map
Data are carried out multi-party computations by node, and the result after improved homomorphic encryption algorithm cryptographic calculation is given
Reduce node carries out the output data file for integrating to the end.
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
The characteristics of present invention is by utilizing the decentralization of block chain, is stored in nothing on block chain for the public information of user
Method is tampered, and under the premise of ensuring the correctness and safety of node using common recognition mechanism, the distributed structure of block chain makes
It obtains data and is dispersed in different nodes, be not easily susceptible to attack, single-point threat does not interfere with whole network.It is used using block chain
Family can be with autonomous control data, and the third-party institution cannot obtain data because of oneself interests.
The present invention utilizes improved homomorphism when the data of user's input are handled by improved homomorphic encryption algorithm
The available relatively small ciphertext length of Encryption Algorithm and public key size are more suitable for big number when data volume is king-sized
According to processing.Can be with parallel data processing using MapReduce programming model, processing speed is faster in big data processing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is data storage and shared flow chart；
Fig. 2 is the common recognition algorithm flow chart in the present invention kind common recognition model；
Fig. 3 is MapReduce frame process in the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the flow chart that the node in the present invention on block chain participates in calculating safely；
Fig. 5 is the safety analysis comparison diagram of two kinds of multi-party computations；
Fig. 6 is the information sharing secret protection frame model figure based on block chain；
Specific embodiment
Steps are as follows for realization of the invention:
Step 1, Data Storage Models under chain are constructed
This step stores sensitive information and the biggish information of data volume under chain, and user and text are stored on chain
The lesser information of index information and data volume of shelves.Whether user itself or mechanism using data is needed, it all cannot be with
Meaning change data, thereby ensure that the safety of data.
User classifies to the file information to be uploaded, such as business information, medical information etc., and externally announces classification,
Then the data in corresponding classification are encrypted with public key and is stored and form encryption file under chain in database, later will
The address value of storage is back on chain and is stored in concordance list.As shown in Figure 1, the specific steps are as follows:
1a) data owner is classified data are uploaded (t1, t2...), returned data classification
1b) different classes of data are encrypted with public key, database under storing to chain
1c) address value that different classes of information stores is back on chain, creates concordance list
Step 2, data sharing model is constructed
By taking medical scene as an example, patient is controlled the access right of data by user oneself completely, and patient can be by awarding
Power third party accesses its medical records, can also withdraw permission at any time, cancels access of the third party to medical records.
When information sharing, if inquiry wants query-relevant data information, inquiry can issue information to block chain
Inquiry request can carry out searching encryption file in database under chain by the address value in concordance list after through authorization,
The re-encrypted private key generated using private key for user and inquiry's public key is back to inquiry to encryption file secondary encryption, with looking into
Acquisition information is decrypted in the private key of inquiry person.
Step 3, the common recognition model of block chain is constructed.
This step first carries out the correctness that the common recognition between node determines node, such as schemes before carrying out multi-party computations
Shown in 2, it is divided into following two step and carries out:
3a) node synchronizing process is completed to synchronize by the way of asking for block and verification to other nodes, and node synchronized
Journey is as shown in figure 3, steps are as follows:
When 3a1) user initiates a transaction, after private key signature, broadcasted to the whole network.When node receives one
After transaction, host node is judged whether it is.If not host node, then forward.If host node, then need to verify transaction
Legitimacy is then stored in memory, is recorded in the transaction field of block data structures, if it is illegal, directly if legal
It abandons.
3a2) host node sends common recognition motion by time t<PrepareRequest, h, v, P, block,<block>>,
Other from node after receiving the common recognition motion that host node sends over, to motion inspection be very after, to go out oneself except from
Node and its host node send common recognition confirmation message<PrepareResponse, h, v, i, block,<block>>
If finding not to be true after 3b) checking motion, suspect that host node, broadcast transmission view replace information from node.Depending on
Figure replacement process is as shown in Fig. 2, steps are as follows:
3b1) enable k=1, vk=v ,+k
Wherein, v indicates the number of view, vkIndicate the size of view number
3b2) node i issue view replacement request be<changeview, h, v, i, vk>
Wherein, h indicates the height of block,
3b3) arbitrary node receives at least n-f identical v from different ikAfterwards, view replacement is reached, and v=v is enabledkStart
Common recognition
If 3b4) existedAfter time interval, view is not reached yet, then k is incremented by and returns to 3b2 step
3b5) in network arbitrary node is thought that common recognition is reached, can be issued after receiving 2f identical confirmation messages
Carry out the block block of autonomous node, remaining node is after receiving block, it is believed that wheel common recognition task is completed, by oneself memory
Transaction in block is deleted, and next round common recognition is started.
Step 4, after carrying out correct verification to block chain interior joint, improvement is utilized on the basis of MapReduce model
Homomorphic encryption algorithm to carry out multi-party computations model building.
MapReduce Computational frame is a kind of multiple programming mould that can handle mass data operated on clustered node
Type and frame, this step carries out homomorphic cryptography using parallel MapReduce model, as shown in figure 4, its process is as follows:
4a) task that host node carries out Map and Reduce to node is distributed.Original input data file is cut first
Fragment is several small documents, gives Map node and carries out parallel processing, data are carried out homomorphic cryptography operation by Map node
An integer 4b) is constructed on the basis of original Somewhat homomorphism scheme based on MapReduce Computational frame
x′I, j, k=xI, 0·xJ, 1·xK, 2mod x0, it is in this way generation τ=β3A x 'I, j, kFor encrypting, 3 β need to be only stored in public key
A xI, b, public key size also just drops to from τAnd the algorithm Modulo-two operation is changed to mould 2kOperation, improved algorithm can be with
Primary encryption k bit
Wherein τ is the number of public key, and η is the bit length of private key, and ρ is the bit length of noise,
4b1) key schedule: the prime number p of a bit, p ∈ [2 is randomly generatedη-1, 2η), enable x0=q0P, q0It is
[0,2γ/ p) inner odd-integral number.Generate integer xI, b=pqI, b+2k·rI, b, and 1≤i≤β, 0≤b≤2
Wherein qI, bIt isRandom integers, rI, bIt is (- 2ρ, 2ρ) in integer, enable key sk=p, pk=(x0, x1,0, x1,1, x1,2..., xβ,0xβ, 1xβ, 2)
4b2) Encryption Algorithm: one is randomly generated having a size of τ=β3Vector b=(bI, j, k), vector coefficient is [0,2α)
Generate a random integers r ∈ (- 2ρ′, 2ρ′), output ciphertext is
4b3) assessment algorithm: the circuit C, t ciphertext C of given binary system t outputiBy the addition and multiplication gate circuit in C
It is operated for ciphertext, all operations are executed on integer, returned the result as integer
4b4) decipherment algorithm: output m ← (c mod p) mod 2k
4c) the cryptographic calculation result after multi-party computations will be used to give Reduce node to carry out integrating to the end
Output data, be then passed to user
If encrypted to individual bit, and component form is linear in public key, so the ciphertext meeting that encryption obtains
It is very big.Encrypting plaintext bit number of the present invention is k bit, and the form of component uses three times in public key, and ciphertext length is made to become smaller,
Public key size is opposite to become smaller, and when data volume is king-sized, is more suitable for the processing of big data.
Advantages of the present invention can be illustrated by the safety comparison diagram of Fig. 5:
There may be the security risks of participant collusion altered data for traditional multi-party computations.Using block chain as
The basis of multi-party computations, before homomorphic cryptography calculating, node synchronizing process uses to other nodes and asks for block and school
The mode tested is completed to synchronize, and confirms the correctness of a node jointly, and then just can be carried out homomorphic cryptography calculating, guarantees transaction
Safety.
The common data of user is stored on block chain, and since block chain is disclosed account book, public information discloses nothing
Method is distorted, and ensure that the safety of storage.It is then stored under chain after data encryption, since user is possessed of control power to data,
Even if enemy obtains data from storage, what it is due to storage record is ciphertext, can not also obtain true data information,
So that it is guaranteed that the safety of data.
User is independent of believable third party, and in conjunction with multi-party computations, user can be with the data of autonomous control oneself
Information has the ownership to data, and is all safe in the generation and use process of data.User can agree to
Data consumer accesses to oneself data, can also cancel its access right.Information itself is encrypted be stored under chain, only
There is access request of the user by user, can just decrypt cleartext information and obtain truthful data.
Claims (6)
1. information sharing and multi-party computations model based on block chain, comprising:
1) storage model of block chain is constructed:
It is stored in such a way that index table information on chain is combined with database under chain.Concordance list storage index letter on chain
Breath (index classification and the address for encrypting file), and form index block and be stored on block chain.Concordance list inquires inquiry
Information category it is corresponding with storage address value, on chain occupy small part memory.Data database storing owner under chain
The data file encryption of upload guarantees the safety of data.
2) data sharing model is constructed:
User can also withdraw permission at any time, cancel visit of the third party to data by authorizing third party to access its data
It asks.
3) the common recognition algorithm model of block chain is constructed:
3a) common recognition system is made of n common recognition node, provides the f=fault-tolerant ability of (n-1)/3.Node synchronizing process use to
Other nodes ask for block and the mode verified is completed to synchronize.
3b) view replacement process is to carry out attempting to switch on the basis of combining block to generate agreement, then using timeout mechanism.?
It reduces to a certain extent and calculates power expense and volume of transmitted data.
4) multi-party computations model is constructed:
MapReduce programming model 4a) is utilized, model is divided into two stages of Map and Reduce, host node carries out node
The task of Map and Reduce is distributed.
It is 4b) several small files by raw data file cutting fragment, gives Map node and carry out parallel processing, Map node will
Data carry out multi-party computations, by the result after improved homomorphic encryption algorithm cryptographic calculation give Reduce node into
The output data file that row is integrated to the end.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein step 1) is to utilize lower point of chain to keep the access to encryption data
The storage of cloth Hash, carries out as follows:
2a) data owner is classified data are uploaded (t1, t2...), returned data classification
2b) different classes of data are encrypted with public key, database under storing to chain
2c) address value that different classes of information stores is back on chain, creates concordance list.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein in step 2) in order to make user to the access rights of data completely by with
Family oneself controls data sharing model, is performed as follows: when information sharing, if inquiry wants query-relevant data information,
Inquiry can issue information inquiring request to block chain, can be by the address value in concordance list under chain after through authorization
It carries out searching encryption file in database, the re-encrypted private key generated using private key for user and inquiry's public key is to encryption file two
Secondary encryption is back to inquiry, and acquisition information is decrypted with the private key of inquiry.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein step 3a) in node synchronizing process, carry out as follows:
When 4a) user initiates a transaction, after private key signature, broadcasted to the whole network.After node receives a transaction,
Judge whether it is host node, if host node, then host node sends common recognition motion by time t
4b) other from node after receiving the common recognition motion that host node sends over, to motion inspection be very after, to going out oneself it
Outer slave node and its host node send common recognition confirmation message.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein step 3b) in if suspecting host node, broadcast transmission view from node
Information is replaced, view replacement is carried out, is carried out as follows:
5a) enable k=1, vk=v+k
Wherein, v indicates the number of view, vkIndicate the size of view number
5b) node i issue view replacement request be<changeview, h, v, i, vk>
Wherein, h indicates the height of block,
5c) arbitrary node receives at least n-f identical v from different ikAfterwards, view replacement is reached, and v=v is enabledkStart to know together
If 5d) existedAfter time interval, view is not reached yet, then k is incremented by and returns to 3b step.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein step 4b) in it is small in order to obtain ciphertext length, public key size is relatively small
Ciphertext, carry out the improvement of homomorphic encryption algorithm, as follows carry out:
4a) key schedule: the prime number p of a bit, p ∈ [2 is randomly generatedη-1, 2η), enable x0=q0P, q0It is [0,2γ/
P) odd-integral number in.Generate integer xI, b=pqI, b+2k·rI, b, wherein qI, bIt is random integers, rI, bIt is (- 2ρ, 2ρ) in it is whole
Number, enables key sk=p, pk=(x0, x1,0, x1,1, x1,2..., xβ, 0xβ, 1xβ, 2)
4b) Encryption Algorithm: one is randomly generated having a size of τ=β3Vector b=(bI, j, k), vector coefficient is [0,2α) generate one
Random integers r ∈ (- 2ρ′, 2ρ′), output ciphertext is
4c) assessment algorithm: the circuit C, t ciphertext C of given binary system t outputiBy in C addition and multiplication gate circuit be used for it is close
Text operation, all operations are executed on integer, are returned the result as integer
4d) decipherment algorithm: output m ← (c mod p) mod 2k。
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