CN109387887B - Rainfall measuring method and device based on passive impulse method - Google Patents
Rainfall measuring method and device based on passive impulse method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109387887B CN109387887B CN201811370992.1A CN201811370992A CN109387887B CN 109387887 B CN109387887 B CN 109387887B CN 201811370992 A CN201811370992 A CN 201811370992A CN 109387887 B CN109387887 B CN 109387887B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
A rainfall measurement method based on a passive impulse method belongs to the technical field of rainfall measurement. Arranging a hemisphere cover containing force sensors, wherein different raindrops hit the hemisphere cover, and due to the fact that the hemisphere cover has different radians, the impulsive force caused by the raindrops hitting different positions is different; the impulsive force in the direction perpendicular to the falling point, which is measured by the force sensor, is gradually reduced from the top of the ball to the periphery, and when the falling direction of the raindrops is tangent to the hemispherical cover, the raindrops have no impulsive force on the hemispherical cover, and the tangent direction is the falling direction of the raindrops; after the landing direction of the raindrops is obtained, calculating the total impulse of the raindrops by using a flat plate fully distributed with a force sensor according to the vertical impulse measured by the force sensor; the raindrops finally fall to the ground, the raindrops are considered to move at a constant speed, the mass of the raindrops is calculated according to momentum conservation and impulse conservation, and then the precipitation is obtained through the density of the rainwater. The invention skillfully realizes that the real-time precipitation is obtained without storing rainwater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rainfall measurement, and particularly relates to a rainfall measurement method and device based on a passive impulse method.
Background
At present, the traditional rainfall gauge at home and abroad mainly adopts four forms: one is that a leak type iron sheet rain receiver and a rain gauge consisting of a glass measuring cylinder are used, the rain gauge is greatly influenced by human beings and is easy to generate data errors, and the rain receiver is made of ironware and is easy to rust, limited in service life and required to be replaced frequently; secondly, the funnel-type rain collector is connected with a plastic conduit to introduce rainwater into a room, and then rainfall measurement is carried out, the plastic pipe of the rain gauge is easy to break due to exposure all year round, so that rainwater overflows, and the rain gauge is made of glass and is easy to damage artificially; and thirdly, the dump bucket type rain gauge is in a measuring and reporting mode, and when the rainfall intensity is high, the dump bucket can be subjected to inertia effect, so that the overturning occurs, and the measured value is increased. Meanwhile, the rainfall gauge has no modes of storing, displaying, transmitting and the like of metering data; and because the structure of the instrument is limited, the situation of inaccurate measurement is easy to occur. And fourthly, adopting a pressure type rain gauge, and obtaining the size of the precipitation through the pressure change caused by the precipitation entering the rain gauge.
The methods are only suitable for measuring in a fixed place and are not suitable for measuring the precipitation in real time in the moving process. The patent with the application number of CN200610097657X proposes a method for measuring the direction of precipitation by a passive impulse method, but the method can only measure the direction of precipitation and cannot obtain the precipitation. The method for judging the size of the raindrops according to the sound size is not accurate and is greatly influenced by environmental factors. In addition, the efficiency of this method is to be examined by measuring the direction of the rain through multiple detection surfaces. More importantly, the method provided by the patent is not strong in calculation practicability and is only suitable for being used under special conditions through verification. In fig. 3, the auxiliary line and the raindrop direction are not in the same plane in general; the raindrop falling direction is only applicable to the raindrop falling direction in the connecting line plane of the central points and the vertexes of the two measuring plates, obviously, the raindrop falling direction is unknown at present, and the measuring plates cannot be placed in a specific direction naturally.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing rainfall measurement method needs to store and weigh rainfall, the error of the rainfall measurement method is large, raindrops are easy to stick on the surface of an instrument, and the rainfall measurement method and the rainfall measurement device adopting the passive impulse method are provided. The method and the device can measure data, and meanwhile, precipitation data can be conveniently transmitted in real time.
In a first aspect of the invention, a precipitation amount measuring method based on a passive impulse method is provided.
Step 1: calculating the precipitation direction by a passive impulse method: the device for measuring the direction of rainfall is arranged, the device for measuring the direction of rainfall comprises a hemispherical cover which is fully distributed with force sensors, different raindrops hit the hemispherical cover, the raindrop directions in a short time and a small range can be regarded as the same, and the impulsive force caused by raindrops hitting different positions at radians of the hemispherical cover is different; the impulsive force in the direction perpendicular to the falling point, which is measured by the force sensor, is gradually reduced from the top of the ball to the periphery, and when the falling direction of the raindrops is tangent to the hemispherical cover, the raindrops have no impulsive force on the hemispherical cover, and the tangent direction is the falling direction of the raindrops; the force sensor transmits the raindrop position information and the impulsive force information to the calculation unit, and the calculation unit calculates the direction of the raindrop.
Step 2: and (3) calculating the precipitation: after the landing direction of the raindrops is obtained, a rainfall measuring device is used, the rainfall measuring device is a flat plate fully distributed with force sensors, and the total impulse of the raindrops is calculated according to the vertical impulse measured by the force sensors; the raindrops finally fall to the ground, the raindrops are considered to move at a constant speed, the mass of the raindrops is calculated according to impulse conservation, and then the precipitation is obtained through the density of the rainwater.
The measuring method does not apply signals to the measured object, and only measures the angle and calculates the precipitation through the impact of the measured object, so that the method can be called as a passive impulse method for measuring the precipitation.
In a second aspect of the invention, a precipitation measuring device based on a passive impulse method is provided.
The device comprises a device for measuring the direction of precipitation and a precipitation measuring plate. The device for measuring the direction of rainfall used in the step 1 is in a hat shape, the upper part is a hemispherical cover, and the lower part is a waterproof extension edge. The waterproof extension edge is used for discharging rainwater flowing down from the hemispherical cover and ensuring that the rainwater does not enter the hemispherical cover. Sensitive force sensor receiving heads are fully distributed on the outer surface of the hemispherical cover, and a circuit structure and a processor of the sensor are arranged in the hemispherical cover. The receiving head of the force sensor is waterproof, is well jointed with the outer surface of the hemispherical cover, and cannot leak rainwater.
The precipitation measuring plate used in the step 2 is matched with a device for measuring the precipitation direction, and like the device for measuring the precipitation direction, force sensors are distributed on the precipitation measuring plate; the precipitation measuring plate is a flat plate, and the shape and the size of the flat plate are made according to the actual situation; when rainwater falls on a flat plate with a known area, the flat plate acquires the vertical impulse of each raindrop in unit time or set time, and the total impulse F of the rainwater can be obtained through calculation; defaulting that the rainwater is in uniform motion when falling to the ground and the speed is v; the time for each raindrop to act on the flat plate is extremely short, the default is a certain value T, according to impulse conservation, FT (measured in terms of mv) is obtained, wherein m is the rainwater quality; since the rainwater density is a constant value ρ, the volume V becomes m/ρ, that is, the precipitation amount in a set time can be obtained.
The invention has the advantages that the design is skillful, the real-time rainfall amount is obtained without a rainwater storage mode, the rainfall direction of a small-range ground end can be measured, the defects of a Doppler radar are overcome, a new thought can be provided for the rainfall measurement, the method has practical significance, the mass production can be carried out, the popularization and promotion effects are achieved, and the society is benefited.
Drawings
FIG. 1: and measuring the integral effect diagram of the device for the direction of precipitation.
FIG. 2: force sensor atress schematic diagram.
FIG. 3: and a device for measuring precipitation.
FIG. 4: and (4) a precipitation calculation flow chart.
Wherein, 1 is a device for measuring the direction of precipitation, 2 is a waterproof outer edge, 3 is the direction of precipitation, 4 is a horizontal line, 5 is a boundary line, and 6 is a flat plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is a diagram of the overall effect of the device for measuring the direction of precipitation, and as shown in the figure, the device for measuring the direction of precipitation is in a hat shape, the upper part of the device is provided with a hemispherical cover, and the lower part of the device is provided with a waterproof extension edge. The waterproof extension edge is used for discharging rainwater flowing down from the hemispherical cover and ensuring that the rainwater does not enter the hemispherical cover. Sensitive force sensor receiving heads are fully distributed on the outer surface of the hemispherical cover, and a circuit structure and a processor of the sensor are arranged in the hemispherical cover. The receiving head of the force sensor is waterproof, is well jointed with the outer surface of the hemispherical cover, and cannot leak rainwater. As shown in the figure, the rain drop direction is influenced by wind, and the rain drop conditions are similar, so that the default rain drop direction is parallel. The raindrops impact the dome cover with an impulse. The force F is shown as being resolved into a direction tangential to the dome and a direction perpendicular to the dome. The force measured by the force sensor is a component Fn perpendicular to the dome cover, and a component Fs tangential to the dome cover has no effect on the dome cover.
The blocking of the semispherical cover can ensure that part of the force sensors facing the water direction can measure the impulsive force of raindrops, and the backwater side can not measure the force because no raindrops hit the sensors. In an extreme case, when raindrops are just tangent to the hemispherical cover, as any position of the hemispherical cover surface is arc-shaped and the default raindrop direction is parallel, namely the raindrops have only one direction, the raindrops fall just tangent to the hemispherical cover under a special condition, and no component force exists below the tangent point X. In continuous precipitation, the X point is the dividing point of the sensor component force data, and the processor inside the dome will calculate that there is almost no component force near the X point.
When the X point is known, an auxiliary line is led out from the center of the hemisphere cover to be connected with the X point, and the included angle a between the auxiliary line and the horizontal plane is the complementary angle of the precipitation direction. If the precipitation direction is b, a + b is 90 degrees. The angle a is known after the point X is determined, so the precipitation direction can be derived.
FIG. 2 is a force diagram of a force sensor, where the force sensor has no measured data in the area of the dome below the boundary, and the force sensor readings in the area above the boundary increase gradually. The horizontal line is added so that the horizontal line intersects the boundary line at a point, which is boundary point X. The processor inside the dome determines the specific location of the point by this method.
In fig. 3, the precipitation measuring plate is a flat plate, and is used in combination with the device for measuring the precipitation direction, and like the device for measuring the precipitation direction, force sensors are distributed on the precipitation measuring plate; the precipitation measuring plate is a flat plate, and the shape and the size of the flat plate are made according to the actual situation; when rainwater falls on a flat plate with a known area, the flat plate acquires the vertical impulse of each raindrop in unit time or set time, and the total impulse F of the rainwater can be obtained through calculation; defaulting that the rainwater is in uniform motion when falling to the ground and the speed is v; the time for each raindrop to act on the flat plate is extremely short, a certain value T can be defaulted, according to impulse conservation, FT (measured in terms of mv) is obtained, wherein m is the rainwater quality; since the rainwater density is a constant value ρ, the volume V becomes m/ρ, that is, the precipitation amount in a set time can be obtained. The total precipitation in a certain period of time can be measured, and the real-time precipitation can also be obtained. Wherein, the impulsive force acting time (i.e. the time when raindrops act on the flat plate) T is the stress time of the force sensor, i.e. the time taken by the force sensor to be stressed from 0 to the maximum and then to 0 in a period; the raindrop velocity v is the force frequency of the force sensor, i.e. the number of force cycles in a predetermined time period (i.e. in a certain time period).
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of precipitation calculation, where a boundary point X is first determined by a force profile of a sensor, and the direction of precipitation is obtained from the boundary point when the default raindrop directions are all parallel; after the precipitation direction is obtained, the vertical impulse of any raindrop can be measured, and the total impulse of the raindrop can be further calculated, namely the raindrop ending speed is defaulted to be uniform motion. And raindrops fall on the sensor, the contact time is extremely short, a fixed action time is defaulted, and the total precipitation quality can be calculated. The density range of the rainwater is small, so that the rainwater can be regarded as a fixed value, namely the real-time precipitation in the set time is solved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be considered as within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A rainfall measurement method based on a passive impulse method comprises the following steps:
step 1: calculating the precipitation direction by a passive impulse method: the device for measuring the direction of rainfall is arranged, the device for measuring the direction of rainfall comprises a hemispherical cover which is fully distributed with force sensors, different raindrops hit the hemispherical cover, the raindrop directions in a short time and a small range can be regarded as the same, and the impulsive force caused by raindrops hitting different positions in a radian mode of the hemispherical cover is different; the impulsive force in the direction perpendicular to the falling point, which is measured by the force sensor, is gradually reduced from the top of the ball to the periphery, and when the falling direction of the raindrops is tangent to the hemispherical cover, the raindrops have no impulsive force on the hemispherical cover, and the tangent direction is the falling direction of the raindrops; the force sensor transmits the raindrop position information and the impulsive force information to the calculating unit, and the calculating unit calculates the direction of the raindrop;
step 2: and (3) calculating the precipitation: after the landing direction of the raindrops is obtained, a rainfall measuring plate is used, the rainfall measuring plate is a flat plate which is fully distributed with force sensors, and the total impulse of the raindrops is calculated according to the vertical impulse measured by the force sensors; the raindrops finally fall to the ground, namely, the raindrops do uniform motion, the mass of the raindrops is calculated according to impulse conservation, and then the precipitation is obtained through the density of the rainwater;
when rainwater falls on a flat plate with a known area, the flat plate acquires the vertical impulse of each raindrop in unit time or set time, and the total impulse F of the rainwater can be obtained through calculation; defaulting that the rainwater is in uniform motion when falling to the ground and the speed is v; the time for each raindrop to act on the flat plate is extremely short; defaulting to a certain value T, and obtaining FT (mv) according to momentum conservation, wherein m is the rainwater quality; the rainwater density is a fixed value rho, so that the volume V is m/rho, namely the precipitation in a set time can be obtained; the time T when the raindrops act on the flat plate is the stress time of the force sensor, namely the time taken by the force sensor to be stressed from 0 to the maximum and then to 0 in one period; the speed v of the raindrops is the stress frequency of the force sensor, namely the number of stress cycles in a preset time period.
2. A measuring device used in the passive impulse based precipitation measuring method of claim 1, which comprises a precipitation direction measuring device and a precipitation measuring plate; the device for measuring the direction of rainfall used in the step 1 is hat-shaped, a hemispherical cover is arranged above the device, and a waterproof extension edge is arranged below the device; the waterproof extension edge is used for discharging rainwater flowing down from the hemispherical cover and ensuring that the rainwater does not enter the hemispherical cover; sensitive force sensor receiving heads are fully distributed on the outer surface of the hemispherical cover, and a circuit structure and a processor of the sensor are arranged in the hemispherical cover; the receiving head of the force sensor is waterproof and is well jointed with the outer surface of the hemispherical cover, so that rainwater leakage cannot occur;
the precipitation measuring plate used in the step 2 is matched with a device for measuring precipitation direction, and like the device for measuring precipitation direction, force sensors are distributed on the precipitation measuring plate; the precipitation measuring plate is a flat plate, and the shape and the size of the flat plate are made according to the actual situation.
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| CN201811370992.1A CN109387887B (en) | 2018-11-18 | 2018-11-18 | Rainfall measuring method and device based on passive impulse method |
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- 2018-11-18 CN CN201811370992.1A patent/CN109387887B/en active Active
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| DE102006010328A1 (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2007-09-13 | Sebastian Glasl | Piezoelectric sensor for e.g. determining impulses of individual drops impinging on measuring surface, has crystal converting impulse of drop into electrical signal, where amplitude of signal is expression of impulses of drops |
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