CN109385596A - A kind of 12Cr2Ni4A material gas carburization quenching method - Google Patents
A kind of 12Cr2Ni4A material gas carburization quenching method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109385596A CN109385596A CN201811426552.3A CN201811426552A CN109385596A CN 109385596 A CN109385596 A CN 109385596A CN 201811426552 A CN201811426552 A CN 201811426552A CN 109385596 A CN109385596 A CN 109385596A
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- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- carburizing
- carbon
- 12cr2ni4a
- material gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/32—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of 12Cr2Ni4A material gas carburization quenching methods, gas making atmosphere, workpiece including successively carrying out enter furnace, pretreatment, conventional carburizing, quenching, ice-cold processing and lonneal, when wherein pre-processing, part held for some time at the temperature for being higher than carburizing steel critical-temperature (20~40) DEG C and higher than the carbon potential of the saturation concentration of carbon of austenite at this temperature, makes carburizing steel surface sufficiently inhale carbon, carbide forming core and grows up to certain size.The present invention increases pretreatment, simple process is reproducible, it is easy to accomplish automated production, controllability are good, high-efficient using carbon potential in oxygen probe monitoring furnace before conventional carburizing；Carbon potential used is not high, and oxygen probe is not easy carbon deposit, long service life；The carbide that pretreatment is formed hinders high temperature austenite to grow up, and plays pre- heat effect, reduces workpiece deformation etc..
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to special processing technologies, are related to 12Cr2Ni4A material carburizing and quenching new process.
Background technique
Currently, being difficult using conventional method for carburizing (method for carburizing as shown in Figure 1) in 12Cr2Ni4A material gear infiltration layer
The middle granular carbide for obtaining Dispersed precipitate, after improving carburizing carbon potential, infiltration layer can obtain carbide, but carbide is along crystal boundary
Distribution, in a strip shape, claw-like and tip-angled shape, are unfavorable for the contacting fatigue resistance of gear；Carbon potential is increased to much higher value, can be obtained
Granular carbide is obtained, but excessively high carbon potential is easy to make furnace body carbon deposit, is unfavorable for carbon potential measurement device (such as oxygen probe) accurate measurements furnace
Interior carbon potential, probe are chronically at excessively high carbon potential, are easy failure, and the service life is short；Meanwhile carburizing temperature is directly warming up to when carburizing, work
Part deflection is big, and size is not easy to guarantee.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to propose one kind is simple, easy-operating, can obtain granular carbonization in 12Cr2Ni4A carburized gears
Object, the carburization quenching method that workpiece deformation can be reduced again.
The formation of cementite carbide includes forming core, stabilization is grown up and carbide bonds three processes, to form carbide, preceding
The condition of mentioning is being formed uniformly for a large amount of nucleus.Homogeneous nucleation is by fluctuation of energy, composition fluctuations and the rise and fall of structure in system
Caused, the systemic concentration, structure distribution the uneven more is conducive to the forming core of carbide, the homogeneous nucleation and carbide grown up is equal
Even, Dispersed precipitate is in carburized layer；According to heterogeneous nucleation theory, the particles table such as undissolved carbide, nitride in austenite
A possibility that function consumed by the Precipitation carbide of face is minimum, these particles become carbide nucleus is maximum；In addition, many institute's weeks
Know, temperature is lower, and the saturation concentration of carbon of material is lower, and the easier carbon atom by atmosphere is saturated, so that carbonization is precipitated in forming core
Object；Therefore, to obtain granular carbide, most efficient method is in the rank that austenite transformation occurs but does not change completely
Duan Jinhang carbide forming core is based on this, and the present invention is penetration enhancer by carrier gas, acetone of methanol, detects carbon potential in furnace using oxygen probe,
Furnace body is set to be automatically performed carburizing and quenching process according to setting carburization process route.
The present invention is achieved by following technical solution:
A kind of 12Cr2Ni4A material gas carburization quenching method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, gas making atmosphere in the temperature higher than 20~40 DEG C of carburizing steel critical-temperature and are higher than Ovshinsky at this temperature
It is kept the temperature under the carbon potential of body saturation concentration of carbon, makes to be formed in furnace and stablize carburizing atmosphere；
Step 2 enters furnace pretreatment, after part shove charge, in the temperature and height higher than 20~40 DEG C of carburizing steel critical-temperature
It is kept the temperature under the carbon potential of the saturation concentration of carbon of austenite at this temperature, so that carburizing steel surface is sufficiently inhaled carbon, carbide forming core and grow up；
Step 3, carburizing: after pretreatment, furnace temperature rises to carburizing temperature, is saturated using higher than austenite at this temperature
The carbon potential of concentration of carbon, soaking time are adjusted according to depth of penetration；
Step 4, quenching, after carburizing, furnace temperature is down to hardening heat, oil quenching after heat preservation；
Step 5, ice-cold processing；
Step 6, lonneal.
Preferably, it is penetration enhancer by carrier gas, acetone of methanol, carbon potential in control carburizer is monitored using oxygen probe.
Preferably, in the step 1,1~2h is kept the temperature under the conditions of 820~840 DEG C, 1.4%C.
Preferably, in the step 2,50~70min is kept the temperature under the conditions of 820~840 DEG C, 1.4%C.
Preferably, in the step 3, furnace temperature rises to 890~920 DEG C, keeps carburizing under the conditions of 1.4%C.
Preferably, in the step 4, furnace temperature is down to 800~830 DEG C and is kept the temperature.
Preferably, the temperature range of the ice-cold processing is -60~-70 DEG C, the time range of ice-cold processing is 60~
80min。
Preferably, the temperature range of the lonneal processing is 140~160 DEG C, the time range of lonneal processing
For 120~180min.
It should be noted that the critical-temperature that the present invention is higher than in carburizing steel critical-temperature refers to Ac3.The carbon potential in each stage
Allow the fluctuation in the presence of ± 0.05.Carbon potential when quenching and preserving heat can be equal to carbon potential when carburizing, can also (1.0~
1.3) it is selected between %C.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are embodied in:
The present invention increases pretreatment, simple process, repeatability using carbon potential in oxygen probe monitoring furnace before conventional carburizing
It is good, it is easy to accomplish automated production, controllability are good, high-efficient；Carbon potential used is not high, and oxygen probe is not easy carbon deposit, long service life；
The carbide that pretreatment is formed hinders high temperature austenite to grow up, and plays pre- heat effect, reduces workpiece deformation etc..
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is conventional carburizing quenching process route map；
Fig. 2 is carburizing quenching process route map of the invention；
Cp represents carbon potential in figure, and t represents the time, and T represents temperature.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described further below in conjunction with attached drawing, but required protection scope does not limit to
In described.
General implementation steps of the invention are as follows: the specific technical proposal is:
Gas making atmosphere: in the temperature for being higher than carburizing steel critical-temperature (20~40) DEG C and it is higher than the saturation of austenite at this temperature
Held for some time under the carbon potential of concentration of carbon makes to be formed in furnace and stablizes carburizing atmosphere；
Workpiece enters furnace；
Pretreatment: after part shove charge, in the temperature for being higher than carburizing steel critical-temperature (20~40) DEG C and it is higher than the temperature
Held for some time under the carbon potential of lower austenite saturation concentration of carbon, makes carburizing steel surface sufficiently inhale carbon, carbide forming core and grows up
To certain size；
Conventional carburizing: after pretreatment, furnace temperature rises to normal carburizing temperature, is saturated using higher than austenite at this temperature
The carbon potential of concentration of carbon, soaking time are adjusted according to depth of penetration.In the process, temperature rises to normal carburizing temperature, carbide
It is partly dissolved, but not all dissolutions, remaining carbide becomes nucleus continuation and uniformly grows up, and forms granular carbide；
Quenching: after conventional carburizing, furnace temperature is down to hardening heat, using certain carbon potential, and held for some time, oil
It quenches；
Ice-cold processing；
Lonneal.
As shown in Fig. 2, a kind of 12Cr2Ni4A material gas carburization quenching method, includes the following steps:
In order to obtain the granular carbide of Dispersed precipitate in 12Cr2Ni4A gear, and the carburized layer of certain depth is obtained,
Using following process route:
(1) gas making atmosphere: furnace body keeps the temperature (1~2) h under the conditions of (820~840) DEG C, 1.4%C；
(2) workpiece enters furnace；
(3) it pre-processes: after part shove charge, keeping the temperature (50~70) min under the conditions of (820~840) DEG C, 1.4%C；
(4) conventional carburizing: after pretreatment, furnace temperature is risen to (890~920) DEG C, keeps 1.4%C, soaking time according to
Depth of penetration adjustment；
(5) quench: after conventional carburizing, furnace temperature is down to (800~830) DEG C and held for some time, oil quenching；
(6) ice-cold processing: (- 60~-70) DEG C ice-cold processing (60~80) min；
(7) it is tempered: (140~160) DEG C lonneal (120~180) min.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of 12Cr2Ni4A material gas carburization quenching method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, gas making atmosphere are satisfied in the temperature higher than 20~40 DEG C of carburizing steel critical-temperature and higher than austenite at this temperature
It is kept the temperature under the carbon potential of concentration of carbon, makes to be formed in furnace and stablize carburizing atmosphere；
Step 2 enters furnace pretreatment, after part shove charge, is somebody's turn to do being higher than 20~40 DEG C of carburizing steel critical-temperature of temperature and being higher than
At a temperature of austenite saturation concentration of carbon carbon potential under keep the temperature, so that carburizing steel surface is sufficiently inhaled carbon, carbide forming core and grow up；
Step 3, carburizing: after pretreatment, furnace temperature rises to carburizing temperature, and using being higher than, austenite saturated carbon at this temperature is dense
The carbon potential of degree, soaking time are adjusted according to depth of penetration；
Step 4, quenching, after carburizing, furnace temperature is down to hardening heat, oil quenching after heat preservation；
Step 5, ice-cold processing；
Step 6, lonneal.
2. a kind of 12Cr2Ni4A material gas carburization quenching method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: with methanol
It is penetration enhancer for carrier gas, acetone, carbon potential in control carburizer is monitored using oxygen probe.
3. a kind of 12Cr2Ni4A material gas carburization quenching method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
In rapid one, 1~2h is kept the temperature under the conditions of 820~840 DEG C, 1.4%C.
4. a kind of 12Cr2Ni4A material gas carburization quenching method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
In rapid two, 50~70min is kept the temperature under the conditions of 820~840 DEG C, 1.4%C.
5. a kind of 12Cr2Ni4A material gas carburization quenching method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
In rapid three, furnace temperature is risen to (890~920) DEG C, keeps carburizing under the conditions of 1.4%C.
6. a kind of 12Cr2Ni4A material gas carburization quenching method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
In rapid four, furnace temperature is down to (800~830) DEG C and is kept the temperature.
7. a kind of 12Cr2Ni4A material gas carburization quenching method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the ice
The temperature range of cold treatment is -60~-70 DEG C, and the time range of ice-cold processing is 60~80min.
8. a kind of 12Cr2Ni4A material gas carburization quenching method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described low
The temperature range of warm tempering is 140~160 DEG C, and the time range of lonneal processing is 120~180min.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112899611A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-04 | 潍坊丰东热处理有限公司 | Heat treatment method and heat treatment tool |
| CN112981309A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-18 | 南京宇能机械有限公司 | 18CrNiMo7-6 wind power gear carburizing process and equipment |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112899611A (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2021-06-04 | 潍坊丰东热处理有限公司 | Heat treatment method and heat treatment tool |
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| CN112981309A (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2021-06-18 | 南京宇能机械有限公司 | 18CrNiMo7-6 wind power gear carburizing process and equipment |
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Application publication date: 20190226 |