CN109377809A - The lathe teaching of use system and method that actual situation combines - Google Patents
The lathe teaching of use system and method that actual situation combines Download PDFInfo
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- CN109377809A CN109377809A CN201811436779.6A CN201811436779A CN109377809A CN 109377809 A CN109377809 A CN 109377809A CN 201811436779 A CN201811436779 A CN 201811436779A CN 109377809 A CN109377809 A CN 109377809A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the lathe teaching of use system and methods that a kind of actual situation combines, and the tutoring system includes: lathe in kind, for demonstrating the operating process of work pieces process in kind;Signal processing unit, for obtaining the analog signal of each component actuation state on lathe in kind and being converted to digital signal;Analogue unit, for according to the digital signal, being acted by virtual lathe object simulating lathe, and shown by the viewing area of user interface.The present invention will be shown the operation of lathe in kind by virtual lathe preset in user interface, signaling pathway is established between virtual unit and real equipment, it is used in teaching, can solve the problem of lathe equipments deficiency in kind, and student is made to reach the visual experience of object operation.
Description
Technical field
The lathe teaching of use system combined the present invention relates to lathe instructional technology field more particularly to a kind of actual situation and side
Method.
Background technique
Currently, industry science real training class training product is broadly divided into pure software machining simulation software training and pure practical operation training in kind
Instruction;Also have and combine the two, student is first allowed to carry out the study of virtual emulation software, then go that practical operation equipment is combined to carry out practical operation practice
Training method.
For pure software machining simulation software training modality, it can only realize the virtual emulation training of particular device;
It is often directed to a new equipment, requires customized development again, the time is larger with economic cost;And extension is difficult, the efficiency of algorithm
And precision is not also high, it is poor for the fulfillment capability of equipment specific form, therefore can only be in requiring lower vocational training
Using.
And in pure operation training in kind, there are problems that consumptive material serious waste;Simultaneously due also to can not accomplish to allow each
Trainee individually possesses an equipment, and result of training is very poor.
Real Training Methodology after empty for the elder generation for being combined above two mode, due to virtual unit and true practical operation
It is substantially away from one another between equipment, it can not be associated with generation interaction, there is learning process and disconnect, therefore can not obtain
Expected learning effect.
Therefore, against the above deficiency, it is desirable to provide a kind of new teaching method enables virtual scene and real equipment phase
It is associated together, and the feedback signal of real equipment state change can be obtained on virtual unit, to pass through virtual unit
Experience the authenticity of operation.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that in the teaching of existing lathe, virtual unit and true practical operation equipment
Between interrelated learning process can not be caused to disconnect, thus the defect of learning effect difference, provide a kind of vehicle that actual situation combines
Bed teaching of use system and method.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the lathe teaching of use systems that a kind of actual situation combines, comprising:
Lathe in kind, for demonstrating the operating process of work pieces process in kind;
Signal processing unit, for obtaining the analog signal of each component actuation state on lathe in kind and being converted to digital letter
Number;
Analogue unit, for according to the digital signal, being acted by virtual lathe object simulating lathe, and pass through user
The viewing area at interface is shown.
In the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to the present invention combines, the material object lathe is matched as follows
It sets:
Angular displacement sensor is set on main shaft, for measuring the revolving speed of main shaft;
Position sensor is set on knife rest, for measuring cutter at a distance from workpiece;
Linear displacement transducer is set in sliding box, for measuring sliding box at a distance from the body of lathe bed.
In the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to the present invention combines, what the signal processing unit obtained
The analog signal of each component actuation state includes at least one of on lathe in kind: the tach signal of main shaft, cutter and workpiece
Distance signal and sliding box and the body of lathe bed distance signal.
In the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to the present invention combines, the virtual lathe is soft using modeling
Part makes in advance;
In each building block of the virtual lathe, at least main shaft, sliding box, knife rest, middle slide plate and small slide plate are movable.
In the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to the present invention combines, the virtual lathe can pass through user
Manipulation on interface realizes the clamping to virtual workpiece and completes the selection to cutter.
In the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to the present invention combines, finger is also configured in the user interface
Enable input area, at least one the following signals for inputting digital form: the tach signal of main shaft, cutter are believed at a distance from workpiece
Number and sliding box and the body of lathe bed distance signal.
In the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to the present invention combines, the analogue unit is defeated according to instructing
The digital signal for entering area's input, acts each corresponding component of virtual lathe, realizes to lathe current action state in kind
Synchronously simulating.
In the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to the present invention combines, the user interface includes touching
Screen.
In the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to the present invention combines, the user interface can pass through touch
Scaling and the angular transformation of virtual lathe are realized in operation.
The present invention also provides a kind of lathe teaching of use methods that actual situation combines, comprising:
The step of operating process of work pieces process in kind is demonstrated using lathe in kind;
The analog signal of each component actuation state on lathe in kind is obtained using signal processing unit and is converted to digital letter
Number the step of;And
According to the digital signal using analogue unit, it is acted by virtual lathe object simulating lathe, and passes through user
The step of viewing area at interface is shown.
Implement the lathe teaching of use system and method that actual situation of the invention combines, has the advantages that the present invention
The operation of lathe in kind will be shown by virtual lathe preset in user interface, virtual unit and real equipment it
Between establish signaling pathway.It receives to instruct using virtual lathe to lathe in kind and then the process executed carries out online mould
It is quasi-, it is used in teaching, can solve the problem of lathe equipments deficiency in kind, and student is made to reach the visual impression of object operation
By.
The present invention will control the operation of lathe in kind and act implementing result and passes to virtually in the form that signal is fed back
Lathe can really show reaction of the lathe in kind under true operation by picture;Therebetween by online
The real-time delivery of signal, can effectively realize the synchronization of movement, to make student more accurately experience the behaviour to equipment by picture
Control, can provide better learning experience for student.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the exemplary block diagram for the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to the present invention combines;
Fig. 2 is the exemplary block diagram for the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to the present invention combines;
Fig. 3 is the exemplary process diagram for the lathe teaching of use method that actual situation according to the present invention combines.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, ordinary skill people
Member's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Specific embodiment one, the first aspect of the present invention provide a kind of lathe teaching of use system that actual situation combines,
Referring to figs. 1 and 2, comprising:
Lathe 110 in kind, for demonstrating the operating process of work pieces process in kind;
Signal processing unit 120, for obtaining the analog signal of each component actuation state on lathe in kind and being converted to number
Word signal;
Analogue unit 130, for according to the digital signal, being acted by virtual lathe object simulating lathe, and pass through
The viewing area 131 of user interface is shown.
Present embodiment is used in teaching, and the operation of work pieces process can be carried out first on lathe in kind;For expectation
In the corresponding various states presented of virtual lathe, can on lathe in kind corresponding location settings sensor, to obtain user's
The actual response movement of operational order or lathe in kind under some instruction, is then passed to virtual lathe, then to virtual vehicle
Bed is manipulated according to feedback signal, and virtual lathe is made clearly to show the corresponding actions process of lathe in kind.
Signal processing unit 120 can acquire the transducing signal of each sensor, the transducing signal of each sensor acquisition in real time
Usually analog signal can carry out signal mode conversion using analog-to-digital conversion equipment, obtain the identifiable number of analogue unit 130
Word signal.
Be provided with virtual lathe system in analogue unit 130 in advance, which can be in the control of user instruction
Under system, the implementation procedure of action command is shown with three-dimensional configuration by virtual lathe.It is easy to avoid all-real object teaching for this process
The operation of existing equipment deficiency problem and teacher on lathe in kind is difficult that all students is made all to obtain clearly vision view
Angle, so that the defect of effective teaching efficiency cannot be reached.The analogue unit 130 can with by singlechip group at host computer connect
It connects, is controlled.
Present embodiment effectively combines the real scene teaching of lathe in kind with virtual presentation, can make student
The operating procedure to lathe in kind is experienced, and all students can be presented by the viewing area 131 of user interface and clearly be set
Standby operational process and instruction execution result.Present embodiment because process to workpiece can be showed by virtual lathe,
So reducing consumptive material, and on the basis of save the cost, the learning initiative of student can be greatly improved.
Further, in lathe teaching, it usually needs grasp the kinematic parameter of several main components, as shown in connection with fig. 1, be
The kinematic parameter of each component is obtained, the lathe in kind can be configured as follows:
Angular displacement sensor 111 is set on main shaft, for measuring the revolving speed of main shaft;Spindle speed signal is fed back into void
Quasi- lathe, can be such that main shaft and the workpiece of virtual lathe is rotated with the speed of mainshaft;Position sensor is set on knife rest
112, for measuring cutter at a distance from workpiece;According to sensing data, when measuring knife rest transverse shifting, Virtual Machine can basis
Feedback signal keeps knife rest synchronous horizontal mobile;Linear displacement transducer 113 is set in sliding box, for measuring sliding box and vehicle
The distance of bed lathe bed, that is, obtain the moving distance of sliding box, the moving distance fed back to virtual lathe, can make virtual lathe
Synchronizing moving.
Further, it is the workpiece process for showing lathe 110 in kind for enabling virtual lathe to synchronize, needs reality
When acquisition lathe in kind on each component action state, specifically:
On the lathe in kind that the signal processing unit obtains the analog signal of each component actuation state include it is following at least
One of: the distance signal and sliding box of the tach signal of main shaft, cutter and workpiece and the distance signal of the body of lathe bed.
The rate speed of the corresponding control virtual lathe main axis of the tach signal of the main shaft;Cutter is at a distance from workpiece
After signal feeds back to virtual lathe, virtual lathe can make knife rest with the transverse direction of middle slide plate, small slide plate by moving in rotation arm
With longitudinal movement;After the distance signal of sliding box and the body of lathe bed feeds back to virtual lathe, the rotatable saddle of virtual lathe is mobile
Handle drives middle slide plate to move simultaneously with small slide plate, while knife rest is also with movement.Appointing in above-mentioned three kinds of signals is obtained respectively
What is a kind of, and virtual lathe can control to carry out corresponding micromotion, realizes the feature teaching of virtual lathe local motion;If three
Kind signal feeds back to virtual lathe simultaneously, then the displaying of comprehensive movement can be achieved.
Further, it can according to need the bandwagon effect creation virtual lathe reached, the virtual lathe is using modeling
Software makes in advance, can be using specific exploitation engine, such as the standalone version program that Unity3D is developed, pre- in program
First virtual lathe is modeled, control is programmed to the moveable element of virtual lathe, is passed by sensor by lathe 110 in kind
Pass control parameter.Dedicated mechanical modeling software SolidWorks can be used in the modeling software;
In each building block of the virtual lathe, at least main shaft, sliding box, knife rest, middle slide plate and small slide plate are movable.
It is described it is movable include that can be individually moved or rotatable.
The knife rest is attached on small slide plate, and small slide plate is attached on middle slide plate, and middle slide plate is attached in sliding box again,
That is caused by the transverse shifting of knife rest is small slide plate rotation, caused by longitudinal movement is the movement of middle slide plate, therefore, institute
Stating transverse shifting and longitudinal movement displacement can be obtained by position sensor 112.Wherein linear displacement transducer 113 is read
Result be displacement, position sensor 112 read result be distance.
When sliding box is mobile, sliding box can only transverse shifting, then middle slide plate, small slide plate and knife rest all and then move;When
When middle slide plate is mobile, middle slide plate can only be vertically moved, and small slide plate follow-rest and then moves simultaneously;It is small when small slide plate is mobile
Slide plate can only carry out transverse shifting, and knife rest and then moves.
As an example, the virtual lathe can realize clamping and the completion to virtual workpiece by the manipulation in user interface
Selection to cutter.
In order to carry out complete teaching process demonstration to student, at the beginning of work pieces process, need to carry out workpiece clamping, and
Process tool is selected.Workpiece option knob and cutter option knob can be set in the viewing area 131, when click workpiece
When option knob, the workpiece to be selected of series can be shown in viewing area 131, then by selected workpiece by the way of pulling
It is installed in virtual lathe;Or workpiece is selected using double-click mode, it is automatically mounted into workpiece in virtual lathe;It is specifically used
In, it can be pre-configured in systems according to use habit.Meanwhile it is similar to the selection course of cutter and the selection course of workpiece,
It repeats no more.
After the selection for completing the clamping and cutter of virtual workpiece in virtual lathe, the slide carriage of lathe 110 in kind can be operated
Case handwheel, control virtual lathe on sliding box at a distance from the body of lathe bed;By operating 110 main shaft handle of lathe in kind, control
The revolving speed of main shaft in virtual lathe.
Further, as shown in connection with fig. 1, instruction input area 132 is also configured in the user interface, for inputting digital shape
At least one following signals of formula: the distance signal and sliding box of the tach signal of main shaft, cutter and workpiece and the body of lathe bed
Distance signal.
In present embodiment, input keyboard or setting handwriting input can be set in the instruction input area 132 of user interface
Interface, the signal for obtaining each sensor feed back to virtual lathe, make each component of virtual lathe in the control of input instruction
Under system, the course of work of real-time object simulating lathe 110.
Further, the digital signal that the analogue unit 130 is inputted according to instruction input area keeps virtual lathe each corresponding
Component is acted, and realizes the synchronously simulating to lathe current action state in kind.
Virtual lathe can execute corresponding movement according to input signal, by program function preset in analogue unit 130
Energy unit is realized, is arranged by program, is enable virtual lathe as lathe in kind, received certain signal, just there is correspondence
Component realize corresponding movement, to complete to the synchronously simulating to lathe current action state in kind.By by vehicle in kind
Feedback signal that bed obtains and the work performance for observing virtual lathe, can movement speed to lathe in kind or rotation speed make
Adjustment.
As an example, as shown in connection with fig. 1, the user interface includes touch screen.
According to user's use habit, different user interface forms can be set.For example, can be set to common computer
Display form completes the manipulation to virtual lathe by peripheral hardware keyboard;It, can also be in order to reduce the use difficulty of operator
Using touch screen, corresponding movement is executed by way of touch, keeps operating process more intuitive.
As an example, the user interface can realize scaling and the angular transformation of virtual lathe by touch operation.It is teaching
During, in order to cooperate virtual lathe different location and the perfect of different angle to present, the mode that touch screen can be used is realized
The transformation in virtual lathe orientation.For example, it is desired to can click corresponding position when showing process details and carry out partial enlargement;Or it is
Overall effect is visually presented, virtual lathe is made to reduce display;Touch manner can also be passed through, directly to rotate gesture
Convert the angle presentation of virtual lathe.
Scaling and angular transformation control to virtual lathe, can equally be realized in the form of peripheral hardware keyboard.
Shown in Fig. 2, lathe teaching of use system of the present invention includes using virtual lathe as the software that result is presented
Part, and the hardware components operated with lathe in kind pass through sensor feedback between virtual lathe and lathe in kind
Sensing data establishes connection;Finally, the process to workpiece can be presented by virtual lathe completely, and to the work after processing
Part is measured and is examined.In the software systems of control virtual lathe, settable alarm module, to the position in process
Or apart from setting threshold value, when there is operation error, alarm module can make warning.
The working principle of the invention:
It first in virtual lathe, selects cutter and carries out the clamping of workpiece, lathe 110 in kind is then operated, by upper
It states three sensors and obtains the exercise datas such as movement and the knife rest of the movement of sliding box, main axis, middle slide plate and small slide plate;It is empty
After quasi- lathe obtains feedback data, corresponding component can make corresponding mobile or rotation, to make virtual lathe and vehicle in kind
Bed carries out identical movement.The whole process of workpiece can be checked by viewing area 131.After the completion of work pieces process, it can lead to
Measurement and inspection that software carries out workpiece are crossed, to unqualified workpiece is processed, student can be repeated, and the present invention is reducing consumptive material
On the basis of, the operating experience of real equipment can be reached.
Tutoring system of the present invention makes signal real-time, interactive and synchronous interaction between lathe in kind and virtual lathe, belongs to
In strong interaction.In addition, carrying out operation processing on lathe in kind, then pass through by adding virtual blank part in virtual lathe
The cutting situation of the virtual blank part of user interface real time inspection does not use consumptive material, reduces training and practice cost.
Specific embodiment two, another aspect of the present invention additionally provide a kind of lathe teaching of use side that actual situation combines
Method, as shown in connection with fig. 3, process flow 300 includes:
The process flow 300 starts from step 310;Then it executes,
The step 320 of the operating process of work pieces process in kind is demonstrated using lathe in kind;
The analog signal of each component actuation state on lathe in kind is obtained using signal processing unit again and is converted to number
The step 330 of signal;And
According to the digital signal using analogue unit, it is acted by virtual lathe object simulating lathe, and passes through user
The step 340 that the viewing area at interface is shown;
The process flow 300 ends at step 350.
Further, as shown in connection with fig. 1, the lathe in kind can be configured as follows:
Angular displacement sensor 111 is set on main shaft, for measuring the revolving speed of main shaft;Spindle speed signal is fed back into void
Quasi- lathe, can be such that main shaft and the workpiece of virtual lathe is rotated with the speed of mainshaft;
Position sensor 112 is set on knife rest, for measuring cutter at a distance from workpiece;According to sensing data, work as survey
When obtaining knife rest transverse shifting, Virtual Machine can make knife rest synchronous horizontal mobile based on the feedback signal;Straight line is set in sliding box
Displacement sensor 113 obtains the moving distance of sliding box, by the shifting for measuring sliding box at a distance from the body of lathe bed
Dynamic distance feeds back to virtual lathe, can make virtual lathe synchronizing moving.
Further, it is the workpiece process for showing lathe 110 in kind for enabling virtual lathe to synchronize, needs reality
When acquisition lathe in kind on each component action state, specifically:
On the lathe in kind that the signal processing unit obtains the analog signal of each component actuation state include it is following at least
One of: the distance signal and sliding box of the tach signal of main shaft, cutter and workpiece and the distance signal of the body of lathe bed.
Further, it can according to need the bandwagon effect creation virtual lathe reached, the virtual lathe is using modeling
Software makes in advance, can be using specific exploitation engine, such as the standalone version program that Unity3D is developed, pre- in program
First virtual lathe is modeled, control is programmed to the moveable element of virtual lathe, is passed by sensor by lathe 110 in kind
Pass control parameter.Dedicated mechanical modeling software SolidWorks can be used in the modeling software.
As an example, the virtual lathe can realize clamping and the completion to virtual workpiece by the manipulation in user interface
Selection to cutter.
Further, as shown in connection with fig. 1, instruction input area 132 is also configured in the user interface, for inputting digital shape
At least one following signals of formula: the distance signal and sliding box of the tach signal of main shaft, cutter and workpiece and the body of lathe bed
Distance signal.
Further, as shown in connection with fig. 1, the digital signal that the analogue unit 130 is inputted according to instruction input area, makes void
Quasi- each corresponding component of lathe is acted, and realizes the synchronously simulating to lathe current action state in kind.
As an example, as shown in connection with fig. 1, the user interface includes touch screen.
As an example, the user interface can realize scaling and the angular transformation of virtual lathe by touch operation.It is teaching
During, in order to cooperate virtual lathe different location and the perfect of different angle to present, the mode that touch screen can be used is realized
The transformation in virtual lathe orientation.For example, it is desired to can click corresponding position when showing process details and carry out partial enlargement;Or it is
Overall effect is visually presented, virtual lathe is made to reduce display;Touch manner can also be passed through, directly to rotate gesture
Convert the angle presentation of virtual lathe.
The present invention can also be similar be used in electromechanical integration Practice in Mechanical Technology, as vehicle, milling, plane, mill, brill teaching in,
Or the dismounting Course Exercise of retarder is medium.Lathe in kind is specially replaced with into plain-milling machine, common planer, common mill
The equipment such as bed, common driller, other equipment are adaptively adjusted again.
In conclusion the present invention realize the information mutual communication between software program and hardware device, it can be achieved that the two it is excellent
Gesture is added;Help to reduce teaching, training consumption, and the learning initiative of mobilizing students.Pass through virtual lathe in virtual scene
Movement feedback, can establish true operating experience, be advantageously implemented extensive training.Of the invention is versatile, is suitable for institute
There are the school or training organization using Practice in Mechanical Technology.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations;Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still may be used
To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features;
And these are modified or replaceed, technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution spirit and
Range.
Claims (10)
1. the lathe teaching of use system that a kind of actual situation combines, characterized by comprising:
Lathe in kind, for demonstrating the operating process of work pieces process in kind;
Signal processing unit, for obtaining the analog signal of each component actuation state on lathe in kind and being converted to digital signal;
Analogue unit, for according to the digital signal, being acted by virtual lathe object simulating lathe, and pass through user interface
Viewing area shown.
2. the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to claim 1 combines, it is characterised in that: the material object lathe into
The following configuration of row:
Angular displacement sensor is set on main shaft, for measuring the revolving speed of main shaft;
Position sensor is set on knife rest, for measuring cutter at a distance from workpiece;
Linear displacement transducer is set in sliding box, for measuring sliding box at a distance from the body of lathe bed.
3. the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to claim 2 combines, it is characterised in that:
The analog signal of each component actuation state includes at least one of on the lathe in kind that the signal processing unit obtains:
The distance signal and sliding box of the tach signal of main shaft, cutter and workpiece and the distance signal of the body of lathe bed.
4. the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to any one of claim 1 to 3 combines, it is characterised in that: institute
Virtual lathe is stated to be made in advance of modeling software;
In each building block of the virtual lathe, at least main shaft, sliding box, knife rest, middle slide plate and small slide plate are movable.
5. the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to claim 4 combines, it is characterised in that: the virtual lathe can
The clamping to virtual workpiece is realized by the manipulation in user interface and completes the selection to cutter.
6. the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to claim 5 combines, it is characterised in that: in the user interface
Instruction input area is also configured, at least one the following signals for inputting digital form: the tach signal of main shaft, cutter and workpiece
Distance signal and sliding box and the body of lathe bed distance signal.
7. the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to claim 6 combines, it is characterised in that: the analogue unit root
According to the digital signal that instruction input area inputs, act each corresponding component of virtual lathe, lathe in kind is currently moved in realization
Make the synchronously simulating of state.
8. the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to any one of claim 1 to 7 combines, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating user interface includes touch screen.
9. the lathe teaching of use system that actual situation according to claim 8 combines, it is characterised in that: the user interface can
Scaling and the angular transformation of virtual lathe are realized by touch operation.
10. a kind of lathe teaching of use method that actual situation combines, characterized by comprising:
The step of operating process of work pieces process in kind is demonstrated using lathe in kind;
The analog signal of each component actuation state on lathe in kind is obtained using signal processing unit and is converted to digital signal
Step;And
According to the digital signal using analogue unit, it is acted by virtual lathe object simulating lathe, and passes through user interface
Viewing area the step of being shown.
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CN113485246A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-10-08 | 浙江科雄电子科技有限公司 | Unity 3D-based machine tool dynamic cutting simulation system and simulation method |
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CN204990977U (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2016-01-20 | 湖南铁道职业技术学院 | Machine tool fact training apparatus |
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